Americas
Americas
-
Geography of North America
-
Geography of South America
For thousands of years
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
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Indigenous languages of the Americas
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Indigenous culture of the Americas
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Genocide of indigenous peoples of the Americas
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Genocide of indigenous peoples
2011 spear points found in Texas dial back arrival of humans:
24 March 2011: Spear points found in Texas dial back arrival of humans in America
2016 sinkhole discovery suggests humans were in Florida 14,500 years ago:
14 May 2016: Sinkhole discovery suggests humans were in Florida 14,500 years ago
July 2020 Indigenous Americans and Polynesians bridged vast expanses of open ocean around the year 1200 and mingled:
8 July 2020: Indigenous Americans and Polynesians bridged vast expanses of open ocean around the year 1200 and mingled, leaving incontrovertible proof of their encounter in the DNA of present-day populations, new studies have revealed
Since 15th century Spanish
colonization of the Americas
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Spanish Empire (15th century to the 1970s)
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Spanish missions in the Americas are Christian missions established by the Spanish Empire during the 15th to 19th centuries, responsible for religious conversions of the indigenous residents, who have been enslaved and partly extinguished by the 'believers'
,
the professional warriors 'conquistadores', using European tactics, firearms, and cavalry in the name of religion
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Portuguese colonization of the Americas
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Indigenous peoples
and ethnic groups in Latin America
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History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean
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Languages of South America
January 2019:
31 January 2019: New study by scientists at University College London
'Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492'
European colonization of the Americas
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Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
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Languages of North America
27 July 2021 indigenous Americans demand a reckoning with brutal colonial history:
27 July 2021: Indigenous Americans demand a reckoning with brutal colonial history, as in the 21st century - from Canada to Colombia - new protests erupt against legacies of violence, exploitation and cultural erasure
Since 16th century Atlantic slave trade
and
slavery
in the Americas
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Afro-American
peoples of the Americas
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Afro-Latin American
-
African-American culture
1775–1783 American Revolutionary War, the
war of independence
between the Kingdom of Great Britain and 13 of its former North American colonies, which had declared themselves the independent United States of America
-
1808-1833 Spanish American
wars of independence
-
1822-1824
war of independence
of Brazil
and first
,
second
Brazilian republic and 1988 Constitution
Economy of the Americas
comprises more than 953 million people in 35 different countries and 18 territories, the difference in wealth across the Americas can be seen roughly between the economies of North America and South America
Economy of Central America
, the sixth largest economy in Latin America, behind Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Colombia
-
Economy of Central America by country
Since 1980s:
Since 1980s, for some countries starting in the 1970s, Latin American debt crisis was a financial crisis that originated, often known as the 'lost decade', when Latin American countries reached a point where their foreign debt exceeded their earning power and they were not able to repay it
Economy of North America
comprises more than 565 million people, 8% of the world population, in its 23 sovereign states and 15 dependent territories, and marked by a sharp division between the predominantly English speaking countries of Canada and the USA, which are among the wealthiest nations in the world, and countries of Central America and the Caribbean in the former Latin America
Economy of South America
comprises approximately 382 million people living in twelve nations and three territories and encompasses 6% of the world's population
Since 1980s:
Since 1980s, for some countries starting in the 1970s, Latin American debt crisis was a financial crisis that originated, often known as the 'lost decade', when Latin American countries reached a point where their foreign debt exceeded their earning power and they were not able to repay it
December 2020 Latin America's new 'lost decade' due to covid-19:
21 décembre 2020: La pandémie provoquée par le coronavirus a détruit en 2020 une grande partie de ce que l’Amérique latine était parvenue à réaliser au cours d’années de réformes et d’investissements, la pauvreté a explosé, le chômage a augmenté, et la région doit désormais faire face au spectre d’une nouvelle 'décennie perdue'
North American society
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North American society by country
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Demographics of North America
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Human rights in North America
Social issues in North America:
Social issues in North America
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Social class in North America
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Poverty in North America
-
Social change in North America
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Social movements in North America
Crime in North America:
Crime in North America
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Violence in North America
South and Latin American society
-
South American society by country
Demographics of and human rights in Latin and South America:
Demographics
of
South America
-
Human rights in South America
-
Human rights in Latin America
Social issues in South America:
Social issues in South America
-
Social class in South America
-
Poverty in South America
-
Social change in South America
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Movements in South America
Education in Latin and South America:
Education in Latin America
-
Education in South America
Education in Latin America by country, history:
Education in Latin America by country
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History of education in South America
November 2021 only half of children in Latin America and the Caribbean back in the classroom:
18 November 2021: Only half of children in Latin America and the Caribbean are back in the classroom, as Unicef and partners try to promote the return to school for every child
25 January 2022 covid-19 disrupted education worldwide, challenges particularly acute in Latin America:
25 January 2022: Covid-19 pandemic disrupted education systems worldwide, but the challenges in Latin America have been particularly acute. Policy choices across the region led to the longest average school closures of anywhere in the world. But when classrooms finally reopened, parents’ mistrust of government stopped many from sending their children back.
Health in South America:
Health in South America
-
Health in South America by country
Health disasters in South America:
Health disasters in South America and by country
Since 1980s HIV/AIDS in Latin and South America:
Since 1980s HIV/AIDS in Latin America due to a remaining prevalence of the disease, as in 2018 an estimated 2.2 million people had HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean
-
HIV/AIDS in South America by country
2009 flu pandemic in South America:
2009 flu pandemic in South America, part of a global epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, as of 9 June 2009 the virus had afflicted at least 2,000 people in South America with at least 4 confirmed death spreading throughout the continent since May, and as later the most affected country has been Brazil with more than 1m estimated cases and 1,205 deaths
Since February 2020 covid-19 pandemic in South America:
Since February 2020 covid-19 pandemic in South America when Brazil confirmed a case in São Paulo, as by 3 April all countries and territories in South America had recorded at least one case
Covid-19 pandemic in South America by country and territory:
Since February 2020 covid-19 pandemic in South America by country and territory
19 September 2020 covid-19 warnings ring out as Latin America bids to return to normality:
19 September 2020: Covid-19 warnings ring out as Latin America bids to return to normality, as the region has seen some of the longest lockdowns in the world but experts are urging countries not to reopen too soon
21 December 2020 Latin America's new 'lost decade' due to covid-19:
21 décembre 2020: La pandémie provoquée par le coronavirus a détruit en 2020 une grande partie de ce que l’Amérique latine était parvenue à réaliser au cours d’années de réformes et d’investissements, la pauvreté a explosé, le chômage a augmenté, et la région doit désormais faire face au spectre d’une nouvelle 'décennie perdue'
25 January 2022 covid-19 disrupted education worldwide, challenges particularly acute in Latin America:
25 January 2022: Covid-19 pandemic disrupted education systems worldwide, but the challenges in Latin America have been particularly acute. Policy choices across the region led to the longest average school closures of anywhere in the world. But when classrooms finally reopened, parents’ mistrust of government stopped many from sending their children back.
Healthcare and hospitals in South America:
Healthcare and hospitals in South America
-
Medical and health organizations based in South America
Hospitals in South America by country:
Hospitals in South America by country
-
Lists of hospitals in South America by country
Since 1967 Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information:
Since 1967 Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information founded in São Paulo as the Biblioteca Regional de Medicina, a specialized center of the Pan-American Health Organization / World Health Organization WHO
Since December 2008 South American Council of Health:
Since December 2008 South American Council of Health, a permanent council composed of ministers from member countries of Unasur to constitute a space of integration concerning health, incorporating the efforts and improvements from other mechanisms of regional integration
Since 2011 South American Institute of Government in Health:
Since 2011 South American Institute of Government in Health, a public intergovernamental institution of UNASUR whose main goal is to promote exchange, critical thinking, knowledge management and generate innovation in policy and governance for health, thus offering South American Health Ministries the best available practices and evidences on health management, created by the governments of UNASUR after a proposal of the South American Council of Health gathered in Cuenca, Ecuador, in April 2010
2019 Latin American protests against austerity measures, political corruption in the region and climate change:
2019 Latin American protests
, a series of escalating examples of civil disobedience in various countries across Latin America protesting against austerity measures and political corruption in the region
April 2017 French Guiana protests:
2 avril 2017: Les mouvements protestataires en Guyane ont réclamé un nouveau statut pour ce territoire français d'Amérique du Sud qui connaît depuis deux semaines un vaste mouvement social
2017–2019 Peruvian political crisis:
2017–2019 Peruvian political crisis, an ongoing period of political instability in the Republic of Peru during the government of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and since 7 July 2018 under the government of Martín Vizcarra
2018–2019 Haitian economic and anti-corruption protests:
2018–2019 Haitian protests throughout Haiti that began on 7 July 2018, in response to increased fuel prices, evolving into demands for the resignation of Jovenel Moïse and demanding to create a transitional government to provide social programs and to prosecute allegedly corrupt officials
2018–2019 Nicaraguan protests against poverty, authoritarianism and police brutality:
2018–2019 Nicaraguan protests began on 18 April 2018, when demonstrators in several cities of Nicaragua began protests against the social security reforms, later against authoritarianism and police brutality of the Ortega regime
May-October 2019 protests against Brazil's Bolsonaro regime and climate change:
Maio, agosto, setembro e outubro de 2019 protestos estudantis no Brasil em 2019, também chamados de Dia Nacional em Defesa da Educação, ocorreram nos dias 15 de maio, 30 de maio, e 13 de agosto sendo o primeiro grande protesto contrário ao Governo Jair Bolsonaro
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Greve geral no Brasil em junho de 2019
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20—27 de setembro de 2019 no Brasil, nomeadamente em Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Fortaleza, Maceió, Recife, São Luís e Salvador, diversas manifestações ocorreram, onde as pessoas protestaram contra os incêndios na Amazônia, contra as indústrias poluentes (termoelétricas), contra as mudanças climáticas e para que todos ajudem a 'salvar o planeta'
October 2019 Ecuadorian anti-austerity protests:
October 2019 Ecuadorian protests, a series of protests and riots against austerity measures including the cancellation of fuel subsidies, adopted by Lenín Moreno's administration
October-November 2019 Bolivian protests:
October-November 2019 Bolivian protests and marches in response to claims of electoral fraud in the 2019 general election
2019 Chilean protests for reforms in education, healthcare and pension systems, better wages, minimum wage increase, and new constitution:
2019 Chilean protests, ongoing civil protests throughout Chile in response to a raise in the Santiago Metro's subway fare, the increased cost of living, privatisation and inequality prevalent in the country
Since November 2019 Colombian protests against austerity and corruption and in support of the Colombian peace process:
Since November 2019 Colombian protests, as hundreds of thousands of Colombians demonstrated in support of the Colombian peace process and against the government of Iván Duque Márquez
2019 ongoing Venezuelan pro-democracy protests:
2019 Venezuelan protests since 11 January, a coordinated effort to remove Nicolás Maduro from the presidency following Maduro's controversial second inauguration
27 July 2020 protest against French colonialism in Martinique:
27 juillet 2020: Deux statues de Joséphine de Beauharnais, épouse de Napoléon 1er qui rétablit l’esclavage, et de Pierre Belain d’Esnambuc, qui avait mené l’installation de la colonie française en Martinique, ont été mises à terre dimanche par des militants anticolonialistes
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History of Martinique
Crime and violence in South and Latin America:
Crime in Latin America
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Crime in South America
-
Crime and violence in Latin America
-
Violence in South America
April 2018:
26 April 2018: Latin America has suffered more than 2.5m murders since the start of this century and is facing an acute public security crisis that demands urgent and innovative solutions, a new Brazil-based report warns
Racism and Antisemitism in South America:
Racism
in
South America
-
Antisemitism
in South America
-
White supremacy
in South America
August 2018:
28 August 2018: BDS activists protest Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra concerts in South America
Fascism and Neo-Nazism in South America:
Fascism in South America, an assortment of political parties and movements modelled on fascism, although originating and primarily associated with Europe, the ideology crossed the Atlantic Ocean between the world wars and had an influence on South American politics
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Neo-Nazism in South America
Environment of North America:
Environment of North America
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Environment of North America by country
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Natural history of North America
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Climate of North America
Landforms and ecoregions of North America:
Landforms of North America
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Ecoregions of North America
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List of ecoregions in North America CEC
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Climate and vegetation in North America
North American inland temperate rainforest:
North American inland temperate rainforest
Water in North America:
Water in North America
Environmental disasters in North America:
Environmental disasters in North America
Climate change in North America:
Climate change
in Canada
-
Climate change in the USA
6 February 2023 extremes of heat and cold hit South and North America:
6 February 2023: Unrelenting and record-breaking heat is expected to continue across parts of South America this week, as temperatures are forecast to reach the mid-to-high 30s celsius for Chile, Argentina, and Paraguay, with maximum temperatures possibly hitting 40C across northern Argentina, temperatures at least 5-10C above the climatological average, as a severe cold snap affected Canada and north-eastern parts of the USA with temperatures at the summit of Mount Washington in New Hampshire falling to -44C on 4 February and an extraordinarily low wind chill temperature of -78C making it the coldest recorded in the continental USA
Natural disasters in North America:
Natural disasters
in North America
11 August 2023 huge coral bleaching unfolding across the Americas prompts fears of global tragedy:
11 August 2023: Corals across several countries are bleaching and dying en masse from unprecedented levels of heat stress, prompting fears that an unfolding tragedy in Central America, North America and the Caribbean could become a global event. USA government scientists have confirmed reefs in Panama, Colombia, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Mexico and six countries in the Caribbean, including the Bahamas and Cuba, are suffering significant bleaching, alongside corals in Florida that began turning white almost a month ago.
Weather events in North America:
Weather events in North America
Heat waves in North America:
Heat waves
in North America
7 July 2021 North America endured hottest June on record:
7 July 2021: North America endured hottest June on record, as satellite data shows temperature peaks are lasting longer and rising higher
26 July 2021 'record-shattering' heatwaves even worse than in 2021 are set to become much more likely in future scientists say:
26 July 2021: 'Record-shattering' heatwaves, even worse than the one that recently hit north-west America, are set to become much more likely in future, according to research
,
as E.M. Fischer's, S. Sippel's and R. Knutti's study 'Increasing probability of record-shattering climate extremes'
is a stark new warning on the rapidly escalating risks the climate emergency poses to lives
Droughts in North America:
Droughts in North America
Wildfires in North America:
Wildfires in North America
2021 North American wildfires:
2021 North American wildfires
Environment of South America:
Environment of South America
-
Environment of South America by country
-
Natural history of South America
-
Geology of South America
-
Volcanism of South America
-
Climate of South America
Natural- and ecoregions of South America:
Natural regions of South America
-
Ecoregions of South America
-
Ecoregions of the Andes
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List of freshwater ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean
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Amazon rainforest
-
Amazon biome
Water in South America:
Water in South America
-
Bodies of water of South America
-
Rivers of South America
-
List of rivers of South America
Environmental issues and disasters in South America:
Environmental disasters in South America
-
Sustainability in South America
Climate change in South America, Brazil:
Climate change
and impacts on South America
-
Climate change in Brazil is mainly the climate of Brazil getting hotter and drier, as the greenhouse effect of excess carbon dioxide and methane emissions makes the Amazon rainforest hotter and drier, resulting in more wildfires in Brazil, and as parts of the rainforest risk becoming savanna
6 August 2021 'mega-drought’ leaves many Andes mountains without snow cover:
6 August 2021: ‘Mega-drought’ leaves many Andes mountains without snow cover, as satellite images confirm snow decrease spurred by climate crisis as glaciers recede and communities reliant on mountain water face shortages
6 February 2023 extremes of heat and cold hit South and North America:
6 February 2023: Unrelenting and record-breaking heat is expected to continue across parts of South America this week, as temperatures are forecast to reach the mid-to-high 30s celsius for Chile, Argentina, and Paraguay, with maximum temperatures possibly hitting 40C across northern Argentina, temperatures at least 5-10C above the climatological average, as a severe cold snap affected Canada and north-eastern parts of the USA with temperatures at the summit of Mount Washington in New Hampshire falling to -44C on 4 February and an extraordinarily low wind chill temperature of -78C making it the coldest recorded in the continental USA
Deforestation in Brazil and history:
Deforestation in Brazil
, as Brazil once had the highest deforestation rate in the world and in 2005 still had the largest area of forest removed annually, as since 1970, over 700,000 square kilometres of the Amazon rainforest have been destroyed., and as in 2012, the Amazon was approximately 5,400,000 square kilometres, which is only 87% of the Amazon's original size
Natural disasters in South and Latin America:
Natural disasters
in South America
-
Weather events in South America
Natural Disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean:
Natural Disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2000-2019
Earthquakes in South America:
Earthquakes in South America
Cyclones in South America:
Cyclones
in South America
November 2020 storm Eta leaves many dozens dead across Central America:
November 2020 hurricane Eta over the western Caribbean Sea after becoming the second strongest November hurricane on record
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5 November 2020: Storm Eta has unleashed torrential rains, and catastrophic landslides and flooding in Central America, killing scores of people, displacing more than 300,000, and turning city streets into raging torrents, as at least 50 people died in Guatemala, including 25 who were killed in a landslide in the village of Quejá
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7 November 2020: The death toll from the calamitous Storm Eta in Central America has soared after the Guatemalan military reached a remote mountainous village where torrential rains had triggered devastating mudslides, killing about 100 people and adding to dozens of other deaths in the region
13 November 2020 Nicaragua, Honduras and Guatemala worst affected by November hurricanes:
13 November 2020: Central America braces for new storms in wake of Hurricane Eta, as Nicaragua, Honduras and Guatemala worst affected with scores dead and more than 200,000 people evacuated from their homes
15 November 2020 scientists link record-breaking hurricane season to climate crisis:
15 November 2020: Scientists link record-breaking hurricane season to climate crisis, as evidence is not so much in the number of tropical storms the Atlantic has seen, but in their strength, intensity and rainfall
November 2020 Hurricane Iota:
November 2020 Hurricane Iota, a Category 5 Atlantic major hurricane impacting Central America, mainly Nicaragua just two weeks after Hurricane Eta devastated the region
3 November 2022 two November hurricanes pose rare threat at end of 2022 Atlantic season:
3 November 2022: Two November hurricanes have simultaneously formed in the Atlantic Ocean for only the third time since records began. Hurricanes Lisa - that made landfall on Wednesday, hitting the Belize coast - and Martin have brought an unusual amount of activity for this time of year, when hurricane season is usually nearly over. A third system in the Caribbean is also developing.
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3 November 2022: Tropical depression Lisa reaches Mexico after landfall in Belize, loosing some momentum after whipping through Belize, but experts warn of heavy rains in Mexico
Floods in South America:
Floods in South America
Droughts in South America:
Droughts
in South America
Wildfires in South America:
Wildfires in South America
January-August 2019 Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay wildfires:
2019 Brazil
wildfires
, revealed by the National Institute for Space Research INPE, releasing the information that at least 75,336 wildfires occurred in the country from January to 25 August 2019, as neighboring countries of Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay have also reported wildfire activity
-
27 August 2019: As fires continue to rage in Brazil, nearly a million hectares of farmland and unique dry forest have been destroyed by weeks of blazes across the border in Bolivia, where the flames have now reached the country’s Amazon region
2020/2021 Brazil rainforest wildfires:
Since January 2020 - present Brazil rainforest wildfires
International organizations of the Americas
since
Decolonization
of the British, French
and the Spanish America
Since 1973:
Since 1973
Caribbean Community
-
Member states of the Caribbean Community
-
4 July 1973 Treaty of Chaguaramas
-
Caribbean Community's Single Market and Economy since 2001
Since 1991:
Since 1991
Mercosur
2011:
21 December 2011: South America bloc bans Falklands ships
2012:
29 juin 2012: Le Mercosur suspend le Paraguay et va intégrer le Venezuela
2013:
11 July 2013: Angry Latin America wants answers on allegations of USA spying
-
13 July 2013: South American leaders sent a tough message to the USA over allegations of USA spying and to defend their right to offer asylum to Edward Snowden
Since 2008:
Since 2008
Union of South American Nations Unasur
2012/2013:
18 March 2012: Grouping of South American nations UNASUR reject British oil exploration in the disputed Falkland Islands
-
20. März 2012: Britische Fregatte darf Peru nicht besuchen - Lima bekundet Solidarität mit Argentinien im Streit um die Falkland-Inseln
-
2 avril 2012: Trente ans après la guerre des Malouines, les tensions restent vives
-
5 July 2013: South America's leaders rallied to support Morales over the rerouting of his presidential plane, saying they are not colonies any more and claiming respect
-
8 November 2013: The 12-member Union of South American Nations plans to prevent USA spying
Since 2010:
Since 2010
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States Celac
2011:
3 December 2011: New Latin America bloc ends first meeting in Caracas - leaders from Latin America and the Caribbean have approved the creation of a new regional bloc that excludes the USA and Canada
Since August 2017:
8 de agosto de 2017
Declaración de Lima
adoptada por Argentina, Brasil, Canadá, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Panamá, Paraguay y Perú reunidos en la ciudad de Lima para abordar la crítica situación en Venezuela y explorar formas de contribuir a la restauración de la democracia
-
9 August 2017: In a joint declaration released after a meeting in Lima, 12 American countries including Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru collectively condemned the 'breakdown of democratic order' in Venezuela and said they would not recognize any action taken by its 'illegitimate' new constituent assembly
Since 1948 'Organization of American States' and 'Summits of the Americas':
Since 1948
Organization of American States
-
Summits of the Americas
April 2012 6th Summit of the Americas in Colombia:
April 2012 6th Summit of the Americas in Colombia
-
15 April 2012: Despite pressure at Americas summit, USA president remains firm against legalising drugs or engaging with Cuba
-
15 April 2012: The USA and Canada opposing demands to invite Cuba to the next 'Summit of the Americas' to be held in Panama in 2015 the meeting 2012 ends without a joint declaration
-
18 August 2012: USA facing embarrassment in the OAS over Assange on Friday
April 2015 7th Summit of the Americas in Panama:
April 2015 7th Summit of the Americas in Panama
-
11 April 2015: Discussion between Cuba's Castro and USA's Obama set to take place today
2016:
13-15 June 2016 46th regular session of the OAS general assembly in Santo Domingo
June 2017 47th regular session of the OAS general assembly in Cancun:
19-21 June 2017 47th regular session of the OAS general assembly in Cancun
6-10 June 2022 'Ninth Summit of the Americas' in Los Angeles:
6-10 June 2022 'Ninth Summit of the Americas' is to be held in Los Angeles, USA, as its theme is 'Building a Sustainable, Resilient, and Equitable Future'
-
7 June 2022: Thousands of migrants are headed to the USA-Mexican border in a caravan timed to coincide with a meeting of Western Hemisphere leaders in Los Angeles, as some 6,000 people, including many from Venezuela and Central America, have begun walking from the southern tip of Mexico north as part of a caravan, and as migration is among the top issues on the agenda at the Summit of the Americas
Since 2008 Union of South American Nations:
Since 2008
Union of South American Nations
, abbreviated in Spanish as UNASUR and in Portuguese as UNASUL, an intergovernmental regional organization set up by Hugo Chavez to counteract the influence of the USA
7–9 December 2004 South American Summit in Peru:
7–9 December 2004 South American Summit – the third of its kind, after earlier events in Brasília (September 2000) and Guayaquil (July 2002) – was held in Cuzco and Ayacucho, Peru. Officially it constituted the Extraordinary Meeting of the Andean Presidential Council and was also billed as the Third Meeting of Presidents of South America
23 May 2008 UNASUR Constitutive Treaty:
23 May 2008 UNASUR Constitutive Treaty
, officially the Constitutive Treaty of the Union of South American Nations, signed during the extraordinary summit of heads of state and government of the Union of South American Nations held in Brasília, officially establishing the Union of all twelve South American nations
26 November 2010 South American summit in Guyana:
26 November 2010 South American summit in Georgetown, Guyana. Eight heads of state and four foreign ministers of the Union of South American Nations attended the summit. During the summit, the leaders signed an additional protocol to the Constitutive Treaty, adding a democratic clause to the charter of the organization.
30 May 2023 South American summit in Brazil:
30 May 2023 South American summit, organized and hosted by the government of Brazil 'to deal with the importance of seeking collective solutions in the name of a common destiny and to reposition the region as an important actor on the global stage'
Since 1951 (2008):
Trade Union Confederation of the Americas
since 1951 (2008)
-
Trade unions in North America
-
Trade unions in South America
-
List of federations of trade unions Central, North and South America and Oceania
-
Permanent Congress of Trade Union Unity of Latin America, the Latin American regional organizations of the World Federation of Trade Unions
Antilles
-
List of Caribbean islands
Caribbean:
The
Caribbean region
consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean), and the surrounding coasts
-
Geography, geology, and climate in the Caribbean region
Demographics, history and economy of the Caribbean:
Demographics
of the Caribbean
-
The Taíno at the time of European contact in the late 15th century were the principal inhabitants of most of Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola (presently Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Puerto Rico in the Greater Antilles, the northern Lesser Antilles, and the Bahamas, where they were known as the Lucayans
-
The Island Caribs at the time of Spanish contact were one of the dominant groups in the Caribbean living throughout the Windward Islands, Dominica, and possibly the southern Leeward Islands
-
The Ciboney, a Taíno people of Cuba at the time of Spanish colonization the most populous group in Cuba, living in central Cuba during the 15th and 16th centuries
-
Spanish colonization
of the Americas since 1492
-
History of the Caribbean since the 15th century
14 June 2021 slave cemetery discovered on Caribbean island and former Dutch colony:
14 June 2021: Slave cemetery discovered on Caribbean island, as former Dutch colony was once an important center for the slave trade in the Caribbean, as 53 skeletons have already been uncovered and as first analyses show that they are people of African origin, probably the first generation of enslaved people who were brought to the island, and as many descendants are searching for their roots, like Sherees Timber
Economy of the Caribbean:
Economy
of the
Caribbean
Politics of the Caribbean by country:
Politics of the Caribbean
-
Politics of the Caribbean by country
-
Foreign relations of the Caribbean and by country
-
Caribbean regional relations with China, which is defined as the P.R. China (Beijing regime) or the Republic of China 'Taiwan', mostly based on trade, credits, and investments, which have increased significantly since the 1990s, as for many Caribbean nations, the increasing ties with China have been used as a way to decrease long time over-dependence on the USA
Caribbean society by country:
Caribbean society
by country
-
Ethnic groups in the Caribbean by country
-
Ethnic groups in the Caribbean
Education in the Caribbean:
Education
in the Caribbean
-
Education in the Caribbean by country
Schools in the Caribbean by country:
Schools in the Caribbean by country
Universities and colleges in the Caribbean:
Universities and colleges in the Caribbean
Health in the Caribbean:
Health
in the Caribbean
-
Health in the Caribbean by country
-
Health in the Caribbean by dependent territory including
'Overseas France'
Health disasters in the Caribbean:
Health disasters in the Caribbean
-
Man-made disasters in the Caribbean
-
Man-made disasters in the Caribbean by country
Since 1492 influx of disease in the Caribbean caused by Europe's colonization:
Influx of disease in the Caribbean, following first European contact in 1492 starting an influx of disease into the Caribbean, as diseases originating in Europe and Africa came to North America for the first time, resulting in demographic and sociopolitical changes, as enslaved Africans were brought to replace the dwindling indigenous population, solidifying the position of disease in triangular trade
Since 1492 Malaria in the Caribbean:
Malaria has had a significant impact on the history of the Caribbean, due to its effects on the colonization of the islands and the corresponding impact on society and economy, as Malaria was not found in the Americas prior to the colonization by Europeans
2013–2014 chikungunya outbreak:
2013–2014 chikungunya outbreak represented the first recorded outbreak of the disease outside of tropical Africa and Asia, as the first locally transmitted case of chikungunya in the Americas was detected in Saint Martin, beginning to spread rapidly throughout the Caribbean region, first to Martinique and Guadeloupe, with suspected cases also in Saint Barthélemy
Since 2020 covid-19 pandemic in the Caribbean:
Since 2020 covid-19 pandemic in the Caribbean
8 April 2020 confirmed Caribbean covid-19 pandemic cases:
8 April 2020: Confirmed Caribbean covid-19 pandemic cases listed number of cases as of today, including the Dominican Republic with 2,111 cases, 108 deaths, 36 recovered, Puerto Rico with 620 cases, 24 deaths, Cuba with 457 cases, 12 deaths, 27 recovered, Martinique with 152 cases, 4 deaths, 50 recovered, and Guadeloupe with 141 cases, 8 deaths, 43 recovered
Healthcare in the Caribbean:
Healthcare and medical schools in the Caribbean
Crime in the Caribbean:
Crime in the Caribbean
-
Crime in the Caribbean by country
February 2012 Caribbean's high crime rate hindering development according to UNDP:
17 February 2012: Caribbean's high crime rate is hindering development, according to UNDP reports, saying violent crime, police corruption and failings in justice system are having a detrimental effect on business and investment, and could be blocking development
-
Crime is damaging Caribbean development
15 December 2020 China suspected of spying via Caribbean phone networks:
15 December 2020: China's Beijing regime appears to have used mobile phone networks in the Caribbean to surveil USA mobile phone subscribers as part of its espionage campaign against citizens, according to a mobile network security expert who has analysed sensitive signals data
Natural disasters in the Caribbean:
Natural disasters in the Caribbean
Earthquakes in the Caribbean:
Earthquakes in the Caribbean
-
List of earthquakes in Haiti
Hurricanes in the Caribbean:
Hurricanes in the Caribbean
-
Hurricanes in Antigua and Barbuda
-
Hurricanes in the Bahamas
-
Hurricanes in Bermuda
-
Hurricanes in Cuba
-
Hurricanes in the Dominican Republic
-
Hurricanes in Haiti
-
Hurricanes in Jamaica
-
Hurricanes in the Leeward Islands
-
Hurricanes in Puerto Rico
-
Hurricanes in the Windward Islands
Lists of deadliest and costliest Atlantic hurricanes:
List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
-
List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes
September 2004:
September 2004 Hurricane Ivan
and its effects in the Greater Antilles
September 2004:
September 2004 Hurricane Jeanne
August 2005:
August 2005 Hurricane Katrina
October 2005:
October 2005 Hurricane Wilma
September 2008:
September 2008 Hurricane Ike
October/November 2012:
October/November 2012 Hurricane Sandy
September/October 2016:
September/October 2016 Hurricane Matthew
September 2017:
September 2017 Hurricane Irma
-
6 September 2017: Hurricane Irma, the most powerful hurricane ever recorded over Atlantic Ocean, batters Barbuda and heads to Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico
-
7 September 2017: Islands suffer huge damage as Hurricane Irma heads for Haiti and Dominican Republic
-
8 September 2017: Irma's destruction, island by island
-
12 September 2017: Unicef appeals for international help for Caribbean islands devastated by Hurricane Irma
September 2017:
September 2017 Hurricane
Jose
-
9 September 2017: Hurricane Jose nearly 'category five' as it follows Irma's destructive path
-
September 2017 Hurricane Maria
-
18 September 2017: Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico and the British and USA Virgin Islands brace for impact of Hurricane Maria less than two weeks after Irma hammered the region
-
19 September 2017: Caribbean faces fresh devastation as Hurricane Maria hits islands
-
September 2017 Hurricane Maria
-
20 September 2017: After leaving island of Dominica devastated, Hurricane Maria hits Puerto Rico
Greater Antilles:
The
Greater Antilles
, the larger islands in the Caribbean Sea including
Cuba
, Hispaniola (containing
Haiti
and the
Dominican Republic
),
Puerto Rico
,
Jamaica
, and the
Cayman Islands
, constituting over 80% of the land mass of the entire West Indies and over 90% of its population
Lesser Antilles:
The
Lesser Antilles
, group of islands in the Caribbean Sea forming
a long, partly volcanic island arc
between the Greater Antilles to the north-west and the continent of South America
-
Geography of the Lesser Antilles
Sovereign states of the Lesser Antilles:
Sovereign states of the Lesser Antilles
Antigua and Barbuda:
Antigua and Barbuda
, consisting of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands in the middle of the Leeward Islands, part of the Lesser Antilles
History
,
society and
economy of Antigua and Barbuda
-
Natural disasters and
hurricanes in Antigua and Barbuda
21 March 2018 Antiguan general election
27 December 2017 after Hurricane Irma Barbuda fears land rights loss in bid to spread tourism from Antigua:
27 December 2017: Nearly four months after Hurricane Irma devastated the tiny Caribbean island of Barbuda, residents fear the central government on neighbouring Antigua is poised to revoke a centuries-old system of communal land rights in what activists have described as “disaster capitalism” at work
December 2020 land grab and wetland destruction in Barbuda:
December 2020: 21st century land grab, wetland destruction in Barbuda and legal cases
14 December 2020 Barbudans 'fight for survival' as USA resort project threatens islanders' way of life:
14 December 2020: Barbudans 'fight for survival' as resort project threatens islanders' way of life, as as supporters argue the USA $2bn luxury resort project on the peninsula of Palmetto Point is a vital economic stimulus while critics say it will destroy natural habitat as well as traditions and cultures
Barbados:
Barbados sovereign island country
is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea
History of Barbados inhabited by its indigenous peoples prior to colonization:
History of Barbados, as Barbados was inhabited by its indigenous peoples – Arawaks and Caribs – prior to the European and British colonization of the Americas since the 16th century, and as Barbados was briefly claimed by the Portuguese Empire from 1532 to 1620, then occupied by English colonialists and later a British colony from 1625 until 1966
-
Timeline of Barbadian history
Economy of Barbados:
Economy of Barbados, as main industries include sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export, and tourism
Since November 1966 post-independence economy of Barbados:
Since November 1966 post-independence economy of Barbados
Labour in Barbados:
Labour in Barbados
Politics of Barbados:
Politics of Barbados, still within a framework of constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary government, as democratic traditions since 1966 independance include freedom of speech, press, worship, movement, and association> -
Since 1966 Constitution of Barbados
Republicanism in Barbados:
Republicanism in Barbados
Political parties in Barbados:
List of political parties in Barbados
Elections and politics in Barbados:
Elections in Barbados
May 2018 Barbadian general election:
24 May 2018 Barbadian general election
September 2020 Labour Party government announced Barbados would become a republic by November 2021:
In September 2020 the Barbados Labour Party government of PM Mia Mottley announced in its speech that Barbados would become a republic by November 2021, as the Barbados Labour Party holds a two-thirds majority in both houses of the Barbadian parliament (including all but one lower house seat), enough to approve a constitutional amendment
November 2020 St George North by-election:
11 November 2020 St George North by-election
September/October 2021 parliament of Barbados passed 'Constitution Amendment Bill':
September/October 2021 Constitution Amendment Bill, passed by the parliament of Barbados on 20 September 2021
29 November 2021 Barbados is set to become a republic:
29 November 2021: Barbados is set to become a republic in the 21st century, replacing Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state and severing centuries-old ties with the British crown on the 55th anniversary of the Caribbean nation’s independence from the UK, as queen's son Charles arrived in Barbados late on Sunday as the country prepared to replace the Queen with Sandra Mason, a former governor-general who also will now serve as the island’s first president
Foreign relations of Barbados:
Foreign relations of Barbados
Bilateral relations of Barbados:
Bilateral relations of Barbados
Barbados/Israel relations:
Barbados/
Israel
relations, as countries established their diplomatic relations a year after the island gained independence from the UK, and in 2014, the manual two countries maintain a lively trade of over 2 million USA Dollars
History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean:
History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean
Barbados/Kenya relations:
Barbados/
Kenya
relations
Barbados/Nigeria relations:
Barbados/
Nigeria
relations
Barbados/United Kingdom relations beginning 1627 with slavery:
Barbados/
'United Kingdom'
relations, dating back to the 17th century as on a voyage from Brazil British captain John Powell claimed Barbados in the name of England in 1625, and as on a second voyage in 1627 then led by Henry Powell a group of 80 English colonialists - along with 12 African slaves captured from the Spanish-at sea - established the first permanent European settlement on the island of Barbados at present-day town of Holetown, Saint James, and Barbados was transformed into a 'proprietary colony'
17th-20th century Barbados became one of the richest of UK's colonies in the world:
With the early introduction of sugar cane, Barbados became one of the richest of England's colonies in the world, and the far eastern location of Barbados made the colony a major port and commercial centre for Trans-Atlantic trade especially with the British city of Bristol
Barbadian British people:
Barbadian British people, citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ethnic origins lie fully or partially in the Caribbean island of Barbados
Since World War II 'Windrush generation' to fill shortages in UK's labour market:
Since World War II 'Windrush generation', as resulting of the losses during the war, the British government began to encourage mass immigration from the former countries of the British Empire and Commonwealth to fill shortages in UK's and especially England's labour market
-
Demography of British Caribbean population
Since 2017/2018 'Windrush scandal' concerning British subjects particularly from Caribbean countries:
Since 2017/2018 'Windrush scandal'
, a British political scandal concerning people who were wrongly detained, denied legal rights, threatened with deportation, and, in at least 83 cases, wrongly deported from the UK by the Home Office, as many of those affected had been born British subjects and had arrived in the UK before 1973, particularly from Caribbean countries as members of the 'Windrush generation', so named after the Empire Windrush, the ship that brought one of the first groups of West Indian migrants to the UK in 1948
Since April 2018 legal Windrush battle against Tory government:
16 April 2018: Barbados' High Commissioner Guy Hewitt said the 'Windrush Kids' who went to schools in Britain and paid their taxes are 'being treated as illegal immigrants' and 'being shut out of the system' with some deported or sent to detention centres, also advising people not to approach the Home Office unless they first notified their representative or lawyer, as too many people doing so had been detained
-
8 June 2018: Winning the legal Windrush battle against Tory government
16 September 2020 Barbados revives plan to remove Queen as head of state and become a republic:
16 September 2020: Barbados has decided to press ahead with long-running plans to remove the Queen as head of state, saying 'Barbadians want a Barbadian head of state’ and aims to achieve goal by November 2021, prompting speculation that other Caribbean islands may follow suit in the wake of the Windrush scandal and the Black Lives Matter Movement
-
22 September 2020: Long live Barbados as a republic, soon to be free of tarnished 'global Britain'
8 October 2020 the injustice of slavery is not over:
8 October 2020: The injustice of slavery is not over, the graves of the enslaved are still being desecrated, as - brutalised in life, debased in death - the horrors are ongoing and that’s why Black history matters, journalist Afua Hirsch says
,
after transatlantic slave trade by European empires transported between 10 million and 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th century in the second of three stages of the so-called triangular trade, in which arms, textiles, and wine were shipped from Europe to Africa, slaves from Africa to the Americas, and sugar and coffee from the Americas to Europe
12 December 2020 UK's Tory MP facing demands to pay reparations for his family’s part in the Caribbean slave trade:
12 December 2020: Wealthy UK's Tory MP Richard Drax urged to pay up for his family’s slave trade past, as the Conservative MP for South Dorset has inherited the Drax Hall plantation in Barbados after his father’s death in 2017, and after the Observer revealed that he now controls the plantation where his ancestors created the first slave-worked sugar plantation in the British empire almost 400 years ago
,
and as leading figures in the Caribbean Community’s Reparations Commission described the Drax Hall plantation as a 'killing field' and a 'crime scene' from the tens of thousands of African slaves who died there in terrible conditions between 1640 and 1836, and as the Draxes also owned a slave plantation in Jamaica which they sold in the 18th century
Cayman Islands self-governing British Overseas Territory:
Cayman Islands
, a self-governing British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean Sea, comprising the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, which are located to the south of Cuba and northeast of Honduras, between Jamaica and Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, as the capital city is George Town on Grand Cayman, which is the most populous of the three islands
History of the Caribbean:
History of the Caribbean, revealing the significant role the region played in the colonial struggles of the European powers since the 15th century.
History of the Cayman Islands:
History of the Cayman Islands, under various European governments since 1503, as arriving Columbus first named them 'Las Tortugas' after the numerous sea turtles seen swimming in the surrounding waters and after he had found two more islands, but 1530 and later they were known as the 'Caymanes' after the Carib word 'caimán'
Demographics of the Cayman Islands:
Demographics of the Cayman Islands, ethnic groups and languages, as an estimated population of 64,174 citizens in 2018 includes mixed groups with 40% of the total, black citizens 20%, white citizens with 20%, expatriates of various ethnic groups with 20% of all citizens
Economy and offshore banking of the Cayman Islands:
Economy and offshore banking of the Cayman Islands
,
as there are just under 600 banks and trust companies in the Grand Cayman, including 43 of the 50 largest banks in the world, and as this large financial presence on the island, banking, investments, and insurance drive the economy
Labour and workforce of the Cayman Islands:
Labour and workforce of the Cayman Islands, with a population of 68,076 citizens in 2019, as work permits may, therefore, be granted to foreigners, and as on average, there have been more than 21,000 foreigners holding valid work permits
Politics, government and constitution of the Cayman Islands:
Politics of the Cayman Islands
-
Government of the Cayman Islands
-
Constitution of the Cayman Islands since 1959 and some amendments
Since 2020 Cayman Islands Regiment:
Since 2020 Cayman Islands Regiment of the British Overseas Territory of the Cayman Islands, a single territorial infantry and engineer battalion of the British Armed Forces, and its history since 2019
April 2021 Caymanian general election and new government:
14 April 2021 Caymanian general election
,
as 'People's Progressive Movement' of Cayman Islands became opposition party with 19.60% of the vote, and 7 of 19 seats
,
as the 'Independants' won 79.14% of the vote and 12 seats, and as Caymanian attorney Wayne Panton became premier of the Cayman Islands, ahead of British elections in May
Dominica:
Dominica
, officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique
-
Geography of Dominica
-
History of Dominica
-
Economy of Dominica - main industries include soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes
-
Agriculture in Dominica accounts for about 20% of GDP and employs about 40% of the labor force - main crop is bananas, output had fallen as a result of Hurricane David in 1979, and suffered a further blow from Hurricane Allen in August 1980
Politics of Dominica:
Politics of Dominica
-
House of Assembly of Dominica
December 2019 Dominican general election:
6 December 2019 Dominican general election
Society, demographics, culture and law in Dominica:
Dominica society
-
Demographics of Dominica
-
Ethnic groups in Dominica
-
Indigenous peoples in Dominica - Dominica is the only Eastern Caribbean island that still has a population of pre-Columbian native Caribs (Kalinago), who were exterminated or driven from neighbouring islands, according to the 2001 census there were only 2,001 Caribs remaining (2.9% of the total population), living in eight villages in a 'Special Carib Territory' granted by the British Crown in 1903, the present number of Kalinago is estimated at 4% more than 3,000
-
Afro-Dominican, Dominicans of Black African descent are the most of the Dominica´s population, making up 86.8% of the population, while mixed 8.9%, according to the 2001 census - according to the 2014 census the majority of Dominicans of African descent making up 75%, the mixed population 19% and a small European origin minority 0.8% (descendants of French, British, and Irish colonists)
Culture of Dominica
-
Languages of Dominica
-
Education in Dominica
-
Dominica law
Natural disasters in Dominica:
Natural disasters in Dominica
-
Hurricanes in Dominica
-
August/September 1979 Hurricane David
2015:
August 2015 Tropical Storm Erika
-
29 August: After storm Erika caused a trail of destruction that included at least 20 deaths and 31 people being reported missing
,
Dominica’s PM Skerrit says that the island has been set back 20 years in the damage inflicted by the storm
2017:
September 2017 Hurricane Irma
-
September 2017 Hurricane Maria
-
19 September 2017: 'We have lost all' says Dominica
PM Skerrit, describing the destruction of Hurricane Maria
Dutch Caribbean and Caribbean Netherlands:
The
Dutch Caribbean
refers to territories, colonies, and countries, both former and current, of the Dutch Empire and Kingdom of the Netherlands that are located in the Lesser Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea
-
Caribbean Netherlands
Aruba island:
Aruba island
, a small island with 116,576 citizens in 2019 and a constituent country of the 'Kingdom of the Netherlands' in the mid-south of the Caribbean Sea, about 29 kilometres north of the Venezuelan peninsula of Paraguaná and 80 kilometres northwest of Curaçaoa, as Curaçao and Aruba form the ABC islands. Collectively, and as Aruba is one of the four countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands, along with the Netherlands, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten, as the citizens of these countries are all Dutch nationals, and as Aruba's capital is Oranjestad
History of Aruba:
History of Aruba, showing human presence from as early as circa 2000 BC, as Aruba's first proven inhabitants were the Caquetio Indians from the Arawak tribe, who migrated there from Venezuela to escape attacks by the Caribs, as fragments of the earliest known Indian settlements date back to about 1000 years, and as in 1636, Aruba was acquired by the Netherlands and remained under their control, only interrupted for some years during the Napoleonic wars
Demographics and ethnic groups in Aruba:
Demographics and ethnic groups in Aruba, as its population is estimated to be 75% mixed European/Amerindian/African, 15% Black and 10% other ethnicities, and as the most
used language is the Papiamento (Portuguese-based creole) language, spoken in the Dutch Caribbean
List of cities in Aruba:
List of cities in Aruba
Economy of Aruba including oil production:
Economy of Aruba, as exports include live animals and animal products, art and collectibles, machinery and electrical equipment, and transport equipment
,
and as gold, aloe, oil and tourism industries with a labour force of 51,610 workers in 2007 produced a GDP of $3.369 billion in 2019 ($4.377 billion PPP in 2019)
19 June 2021 a review on history of fishing in Aruba:
19 June 2021: History of fishing in Aruba, as fishing has been a family tradition for ages in Aruba
Timeline and 20th-21st centuries history of Aruba:
20th-21st centuries history of Aruba and timeline
Since 1924 Lago Oil and Transport Co. Ltd and Aruba:
Since 1924 Lago Oil and Transport Co. Ltd., a shipping company carrying crude oil from Lake Maracaibo to its transshipment facility on the island of Aruba, and 1941-1945 wartime during WWII
1941-1945 Battle of the Caribbean by NSDAP-ruled German empire's U-boats and Italian submarines:
1941-1945 Battle of the Caribbean, referring to a naval campaign waged during World War II that was part of the Battle of the Atlantic, as NSDAP-ruled German empire's U-boats and Italian submarines attempted to disrupt the Allied supply of oil and other material, sank shipping in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico and attacked coastal targets in the Antilles, as later improved Allied anti-submarine warfare eventually drove the Axis submarines out of the Caribbean region
Since 1985 steps for increasing autonomy, remaining promised:
In March 1983, Aruba reached an official agreement within the Kingdom for its independence, to be developed in a series of steps as the Crown granted increasing autonomy, and in August 1985, Aruba drafted a constitution that was unanimously approved, but complete independence was rescinded in 1995
25 June 2021 Aruban general election:
25 June 2021 Aruban general election to elect all 21 members of Parliament
-
19 June 2021: Aruba Election 2021, as following Aruba’s 2017 elections, the governing coalition was led until March by the social democratic People’s Electoral Movement (MEP) party together with political parties POR and RED
Environment of the Dutch Caribbean:
Environment of the Dutch Caribbean
Grenada island:
Grenada island country
consisting of Grenada itself and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago
History of Grenada:
History of Grenada
in the Caribbean Lesser Antilles group of islands, covering a period from the earliest human settlements by indigenous peoples, later inhabited by the Caribs, as
British colonists
killed most of the Caribs on the island establishing plantations on the island, eventually importing
African slaves
to work on the sugar plantations for profit and the expanding British empire, as - in the 18th century - the control of the island was disputed by Great Britain and France, with the British ultimately prevailing. In
1795
Fédon's Rebellion, inspired by the
Haitian Revolution
, very nearly succeeded, taking significant
military intervention
to quell, as slavery was abolished in 1833 following
early
19th-century Latin American revolutions
and revolutionary wars against European colonial rule (called 'Spanish American wars of independence by the interested British)
,
and in 1885, the island's capital, St. George's, became the capital of the British Windward Islands, as Grenada finally achieved independence from the 'UK' in 1974, as then - following a political and social change by the 'Marxist New Jewel Movement' in 1979 - the island was
invaded by the equally interested - namely experienced in the precipitation of emancipatory movements in Latin America - USA
troops, and the government was overthrown in a tricky but violent way
-
Lateinamerika als 'Hinterhof' der USA seit dem 18. Jahrhundert, mit dem sich ausbildenden Gegensatz zwischen dem Unabhängigkeitsstreben lateinamerikanischer Staaten und der Einflußnahme der politisch mächtig gewordenen USA, nun ebenfalls zunehmend wirtschaflich stark auch auf Kosten anderer, politisch weniger mächtiger Länder, bis ins 21. Jahrhundert, zuletzt mit der Trump-Administration 2016-2020 und ihrer Parole 'Make America Great Again', in der Nachfolge von dem 'America First' Slogan von Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Donald Trump u.a.
Economy of Grenada:
Economy of Grenada, as main industries include nutmeg, bananas, cocoa, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace, as main export goods include nutmeg, bananas, cocoa, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace, and as main export partners include Nigeria 44.7%, St. Lucia 10.8%, Antigua and Barbuda 7.3%, St. Kitts and Nevis 6.6%, Dominica 6.6%, USA 5.8% in 2012, and with a total GDP of $1.401 billion in 2015
Politics of Grenada:
Politics of Grenada
, in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby the PM is the head of government, as Grenada is an independent 'Commonwealth' realm, today governed under a multi-party parliamentary system
-
List of political parties in Grenada
Politics and elections in Grenada:
Politics and elections in Grenada
13 March 2018 Grenadian general election:
13 March 2018 Grenadian general election, as the New National Party won 33,792 votes 58.91% of the entire vote and 15 seats, as the National Democratic Congress won 23,249 votes, 40.53% of the entire vote but no seats, posing serious questions about the the rights of minorities also in a small commity
-
PM Keith Claudius Issac Mitchell, a Grenadian NNP politician and the longest-serving PM in Grenadian history, holding the office for almost 19 years, who formerly worked as a statistician at 'Applied Management Sciences', providing statistical support to the 'USA Energy Information Administration', as in 1984, Mitchell gave up his professional activities to return home to Grenada after the USA invasion und Ronald Reagan. In the December 1984 general election, he was elected to a seat in the House of Representatives from St. George North West constituency and he has held the seat in each subsequent election
November 2019 Caribbean officials linked to diplomatic passport sale in Dominica and Grenada:
27 November 2019: Caribbean officials linked to diplomatic passport sale, as 'Al Jazeera' exposes politicians in Dominica and Grenada willing to accept money in return for diplomatic passports, reporting about a Grenada investment scheme, also reporting about Dominica's PM Skerrit and an Iranian businessman named Alireza Monfared, linked by hundreds of thousands of dollars and an exchange for an ambassadorship for Dominica to Malaysia
Foreign relations of Grenada:
Foreign relations of Grenada
Treaties of Grenada:
Treaties of Grenada
Wars involving Grenada and 1983 USA's invasion of Grenada:
Wars involving Grenada
-
October
1983 USA's invasion of Grenada
, when the USA's Reagan administration, its military and a coalition of six Caribbean nations invaded the island nation of Grenada,
160 km north of Venezuela
, resulting in military occupation within a few days
Grenada and the United Nations:
Grenada and the United Nations
Grenada/United Kingdom relations:
Grenada/
United Kingdom
relations
Grenada/USA relations:
Grenada/
USA
relations, bilateral relations between Grenada and the USA, recognizing Grenada on in February 1974, the same day as Grenada got independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and as nations formally established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1974
1983 USA's invasion of Grenada:
Wars involving Grenada
-
October
1983 USA's invasion of Grenada
, when the USA's Reagan administration, its military and a coalition of six Caribbean nations invaded the island nation of Grenada,
160 km north of Venezuela
, resulting in military occupation within a few days
October 1983 UN says USA's invasion of Grenada 'a flagrant violation of international law':
The UN Security Council had not authorized USA's invasion, because the UN Charter prohibits the use of force by member states except in cases of self-defense or when specifically authorized by the UN Security Council, and similarly, the UN General Assembly adopted General Assembly Resolution 38/7 by a
vote of 108 to 9 with 27 abstentions
, which 'deeply deplores the armed intervention in Grenada, which constitutes
a flagrant violation of international law
'. A similar resolution in the UN Security Council received widespread support but was
vetoed by the USA
October 2003 following USA's and UK's Iraq invasion San Francisco professor Stephen Zunes' review of USA's 1983 Grenada invasion:
October 2003: This 1983 invasion of Grenada was 'an easy victory for the United States eight years after its defeat in the Vietnam War and just two days after the deadly attack against U.S. forces in Lebanon. It established the precedent for 'regime change' by U.S. military intervention and served as an ominous warning to the leftist Sandinista government in
Nicaragua
that the Reagan administration could go beyond simply arming a proxy army like the Contras and actually invade their country outright. It also led to a sudden rise in President Reagan's popularity, according to public opinion polls. Despite the fact that the invasion was a
clear violation of international law
, there was widespread
bipartisan support
for the invasion, including such Democratic Party leaders as Walter Mondale, who would be Reagan's Democratic challenger for the presidency the following year, Review by Stephen Zunes, an associate professor of politics and chair of the Peace&Justice Studies Program at the University of San Francisco, and serves as the Middle East editor for the 'Foreign Policy in Focus Project'
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
The Federation of
Saint Kitts and Nevis
located in the Leeward Islands chain of the Lesser Antilles, it is the smallest sovereign state in the Americas, in both area and population
Saint Lucia:
Saint Lucia
sovereign island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
island country in the Lesser Antilles Island arc, in the southern part of the Windward Islands
Demographics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
Demographics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, as estimated its population of 2018 is 110,211 citizens, including groups of African citizens with 66%, Mixed with 19%, East Indian with 6%, and European with 4% of the total population
Economy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
Economy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
18th century French and British colonisation and the Carib Wars:
18th century French and British colonisation and the Carib Wars
Since 1979 self-rule and independence of St. Vincent:
Since 1969/1979 self-rule and independence of St. Vincent, first granted associate statehood status and then giving it complete control over its internal affairs, as - following a referendum in 1979 - St. Vincent and the Grenadines became the last of the Windward Islands to gain independence
9 April 2021 explosive eruption of La Soufrière volcano:
Eruptive history of Soufrière Saint Vincent, an active volcano on the island of Saint Vincent, as an explosive eruption occurred on 9 April 2021
-
9 April 2021: The Caribbean island of St Vincent has been rocked by an explosive eruption of La Soufrière volcano, a day after the island declared a red alert and issued an evacuation order
11 April 2021 eruption and crisis continue:
11 avril 2021: Une nouvelle éruption a été signalée dimanche matin sur l’île caribéenne de Saint-Vincent, déjà recouverte d’un épais tapis de cendres et qui connaissait d’importantes coupures d’électricité, après - endormi depuis plus de 42 ans - le volcan de la Soufrière s’est réveillé vendredi, provoquant l’évacuation d’environ 16’000 habitants
Trinidad and Tobago:
Trinidad and Tobago
twin island country off the northern edge of South America, lying just off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles, is part of South America as it lies on the continental shelf
Lucayan Archipelago:
Lucayan Archipelago
, also known as the Bahama Archipelago, is an island group comprising the Commonwealth of the Bahamas and the British Overseas Territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands
-
Turks and Caicos Islands, consisting of the larger Caicos Islands and smaller Turks Islands, two groups of tropical islands in the Lucayan Archipelago
February 2021 Turks and Caicos Islands general election:
19 February 2021 Turks and Caicos Islands general election
Argentina
-
Geography of Argentina
-
Pre-Columbian era
-
Indigenous peoples in Argentina
-
Colonial Argentina since 1502
-
Viceroyalty of Peru 1542-1824
-
Argentine War of Independence 1810-1818
-
History of Argentina since 1816
-
Demographics of Argentina
Economy of Argentina:
Economy of Argentina
- main industrie include steel and aluminum, machinery, motor vehicles and auto parts, appliances and electronics, petrochemicals and biodiesel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, glass and cement, furniture, textiles, leather, food processing and beverages, tobacco products, publishing
-
Economic history of Argentina
-
Companies of Argentina by industry
Manufacturing companies of Argentina
-
Motor vehicle manufacturers of Argentina
-
Aircraft manufacturers of Argentina
Mining in Argentina
-
Silver mines in Argentina
Energy in Argentina:
Energy in Argentina
-
Fossil fuels in Argentina
-
Natural gas in Argentina
-
Oil and gas companies of Argentina
-
Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales YPF
-
Petrobras Argentina
-
Americas Petrogas
-
Transportadora de Gas del Sur
Nuclear energy in Argentina:
Nuclear energy in Argentina, about 10% of the electricity in Argentina comes from 3 operational nuclear reactors
2015:
2 December 2015: Outgoing Argentine President Cristina Fernandez on 1 December inaugurated a uranium enrichment plant to manufacture fuel for Argentina's nuclear plants, located in Pilcaniyeu in the southern Rio Negro province
Renewable energy in Argentina:
Renewable energy in Argentina
Electricity sector in Argentina:
Electricity sector in Argentina
Agriculture in Argentina:
Agriculture in Argentina
- products are beef, citrus fruit, grapes, honey, maize, sorghum, soybeans, squash, sunflower seeds, wheat, yerba mate agricultural and goods earn over half of Argentina's foreign exchange, an estimated 10-15% of Argentine farmland is foreign owned
-
Argentine wine
-
Tobacco industry in Argentina
Use of toxic agrochemicals in Argentina:
2013:
20 October 2013: Agrochemicals linked to health problems in Argentina
-
10 December 2013: The use of pesticides increased 858% in the last 22 years in Argentina, but as there is a great business for the global poison industry, led by Monsanto and Bayer, and as its products are sprayed over areas of intense monoculture, where more than 12 million people live, the public health is faced with great problems
,
according to the Network of Physicians working in crop-sprayed towns
2015:
11 November 2015: Glyphosate has devastating, dramatic effects on the health of people living in very close contact with it, Argentinian photographer Pablo Ernesto Piovano's report on the conditions of people living and working close to GM soy crops, where massive amounts of herbicide are used, reveals
2017:
21 February 2017: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay farm transgenic seeds glyphosate resistant
,
but there is an association between cancer and environmental exposure to Glyphosate
-
11 May 2017: According to official reports, 60% of the food that arrives in the Central Market of Buenos Aires has agrochemical residues
Argentine beef:
Argentine beef - Argentina has the world's second-highest consumption rate of beef, in 2006 livestock farmers kept between 50 and 55 million head of cattle, mostly in the fertile pastures of the Pampas, and the country is currently the third-largest beef exporter in the world after Brazil and Australia
Forestry in Argentina:
Forestry in Argentina
Water in Argentina:
Water in Argentina
-
Bodies of water of Argentina
Rivers of Argentina:
Rivers
of Argentina
Tourism in Argentina:
Tourism in Argentina
-
Visitor attractions in Argentina
Banking in Argentina:
Banking
in Argentina
-
Banks of Argentina
Central Bank of Argentina:
Central Bank of Argentina
August 2018:
30 August 2018: Argentina has hiked interest rates to 60% as it takes dramatic steps to restore confidence in its plunging currency,in the latest sign of turmoil among emerging market economies this year
22 May 2023 Argentina unveils new banknote as currency plummets with inflation on course to 130%:
22 May 2023: Argentina’s new 2,000-peso bill, the country’s largest-denomination note, went into circulation on Monday, though due to fast depreciation of the currency it is worth only $8.50 at the official exchange rate and just over $4 in commonly used parallel markets. The peso has shed about a quarter of its value against the dollar this year despite strict capital controls that slow its fall. Most Argentinians buy dollars in unofficial markets where they trade at over 480 pesos versus the official rate of 235. The South American nation is also battling inflation at 109%, one of the highest in the world, which a central bank poll estimates could hit nearly 130% by the end of the year. The interest rate has been hiked to an eye-watering 97%.
Foreign trade of Argentina:
Foreign trade
of Argentina
Economic history and economic cycles of Argentina:
Economic history of Argentina
-
Economic crises in Argentina
1998-2002 Argentine great depression:
1998–2002 Argentine great depression
during which its economy shrank 28 percent
Since 2005 Argentine debt restructuring:
Argentine debt restructuring since 2005
Since 2008 Great Recession in South America and Argentin:
Since 2008 Great Recession in South America and Argentin
July/August 2014 Argentina accuses USA of judicial malpractice for triggering needless default:
31 July 2014: Argentina accuses USA of judicial malpractice for triggering needless default
-
7 August: Argentina files legal action against the USA at The Hague over debt default
August/September 2018 call for emergency release amid financial crisis:
29 August 2018: Argentina seeks emergency release of $50bn in IMF funds amid financial crisis
-
27 September 2018: Argentina gets biggest loan in IMF's history at $57bn, as strict restrictions on funds include commitment to zero deficit for 2019 and limits on central bank actions
Since March 2020 economic impact of the 2020 covid-19 pandemic in Argentina:
Since March 2020
socio-economic impact of the covid-19 pandemic
in Argentina since 2019/2020
August 2020 Argentina-IMF negotiation over debt:
27 août 2020: L’Argentine a débuté mercredi des discussions formelles avec le Fonds monétaire international pour négocier un nouveau programme de financement de dette, qui doit remplacer l’emprunt de 57 milliards de dollars contracté en 2018
Labor in Argentina:
Labor
in Argentina
-
Trade unions in Argentina
-
Labour disputes in Argentina
Taxation in Argentina:
Taxation
in Argentina
2012 fiscal austerity in Argentina:
2012 fiscal austerity in Argentina
Military of Argentina:
Military of Argentina
-
Argentine Army
Coups d'état in Argentina:
Coups d'état
in Argentina
March 1976 Argentine coup d'état:
March
1976 Argentine coup d'état
planned by Argentine Armed Forces and installing a military junta, which was headed by General Jorge Rafael Videla, Admiral Emilio Eduardo Massera and Brigadier-General Orlando Ramón Agosti, and remained in power until 10 December 1983
Argentina and weapons of mass destruction:
During the military dictatorship Argentina started to develop weapons of mass destruction, beginning a nuclear weapons program in the early 1980s, but this was abolished when democracy was restored in 1983
Politics of Argentina:
Politics of Argentina
-
Constitution
of Argentina
-
Legal history of Argentina
Political parties in Argentina:
Political parties in Argentina
Trade unions in Argentina:
Trade unions in Argentina
-
List of trade unions in Argentina
Elections and politics in Argentina:
Elections
in Argentina
2008:
2008 Argentine government conflict with the agricultural sector
October 2013 Argentine legislative election :
Argentine legislative election 27 October 2013
-
28 octobre 2013: La coalition présidentielle de Cristina Kirchner conserve sa majorité absolue au parlement à l'issue des législatives partielles
September 2014 Argentine law restructuring government debt:
12 September 2014: Argentina enacts law restructuring government debt
2015 suspected murder of prosecutor Alberto Nisman:
13 February 2015: Weeks after mysterious death of prosecutor Alberto Nisman, who had prepared criminal complaint, Argentina's president formally charged over alleged terrorist attack cover-up
-
26 February: As Argentina's Congress votes to dissolve intelligence agency after Alberto Nisman's death and replace it with a new one
,
an Argentine judge dismisses accusation that President Cristina Fernandez conspired to cover up Iran's alleged role in deadly 1994 bombing
-
10 August 2015: Argentines vote in primaries in prelude to president Cristina Kirchner succession
October 2015 Argentine general election:
25 October 2015 Argentine general election
-
26 October: Argentina's presidential election headed for second round after no clear winner
November 2015 general election second round:
22 novembre 2015: Les Argentins votent appelés aux urnes pour le second tour de leur présidentielle
-
23 November: When many Argentines are concerned about inflation, slowing growth and crime, the former chief executive of a football club Macri winning 51% is ahead of Daniel Scioli of the Peronist Victory Front who wins nearly 49% with 98.87% of the vote counted
18 October 2017 protester Santiago Maldonado went missing:
18/20 October 2017: Major parties running in Argentina’s midterm congressional election on Sunday have suspended their campaigns after a body
,
thought to be that of protester Santiago Maldonado who went missing during a raid by the gendarmerie on a protest camp set up by indigenous rights activists more than two months ago, was found in a river
22 October 2017 Argentine legislative election as Macri confirms power:
22 October 2017 Argentine legislative election
-
23 octobre 2017: En remportant les législatives, le président argentin Macri consolide le pouvoir de la coalition gouvernementale Cambiemos au Parlement
August 2018 abortion law controversy:
9 August 2018: Argentina’s senate has rejected a bill to legalise abortion in the first 14 weeks of pregnancy, but abortion remains legal in the cases of rape and danger to the life of the woman
-
29 August 2018: Argentina’s president Mauricio Macri has asked the International Monetary Fund for an early release of funds from a $50bn deal to ease concerns that the country will not be able to meet its debt obligations for 2019
September 2018 new austerity measures:
3 September 2018: Argentina's president Macri has announced sweeping new austerity measures including raising export taxes and slashing spending in an attempt to stem the country's unfolding currency crisis, prior to receiving $50bn of funding from the IMF
November/December 2018 expensive G20 summit:
28 Noviembre 2018: El Gobierno utilizó USD 112 millones para la organización de la cumbre mundial, equivale a la construcción de 44 escuelas por ejemplo
-
Für den 2018 G20-Gipfel in Buenos Aires hat die argentinische Regierung einen Betrag von 112 Millionen US-Dollar zu Lasten der argentinischen Steuerzahler veranschlagt, u.a. für das Catering, das Gala-Dinner im Teatro Colón, die Gastgeschenke an die Delegationen inklusive die Mörder aus Rußland und Saudi-Arabien, und nicht eingerechnet 'Zusatzausgaben' an Material für die Sicherheit wie 12 Kleinflugzeuge Beechcraft TC6 Texan II von den USA für 160 Millionen US-Dollar, vier Artillerieboote von Israel für 49 Millionen USD sowie fünf Kampfflugzeuge Super Etendard von Frankreich für 12,5 Millionen USD
August 2019 austerity measures and low growth:
12 August 2019: Facing widespread discontent over austerity measures and low growth, Argentine president Macri was snubbed by voters who appeared to hand a resounding primary victory to rival Fernandez and to a ticket with his controversial predecessor Cristina Kirchner
October 2019 Argentine general election and issues:
27 October 2019 Argentine general election
-
Candidates of the October 2019 Argentine general election
-
Opinion polling for the 2019 Argentine general election
28 October 2019 Fernandez wins presidential election, comeback for Cristina Kirchner despite scandals:
28 October 2019: Peronist challenger Fernandez wins Argentine presidential election, as win caps remarkable political comeback for his running mate, ex-president Cristina Kirchner, who is accused of corruption and obstructing probe into AMIA Jewish center bombing
-
October 2019 electoral performance brougt 48.24% of the vote for president Alberto Fernández, 45.26% for 'Frente de Todos' coalition in the Chamber of Deputies, and 46.30% of the vote for the coalition in the Senate
5 November 2021 polls ahead of the November 14 vote:
5 November 2021: Argentina's Peronists are likely to suffer a major blow in midterm legislative elections, polls ahead of the November 14 vote show, as majority of surveys show the party of president Fernandez trailing by over 8 points behind the conservative opposition coalition
14 November 2021 Argentine legislative election:
14 November 2021 Argentine legislative election, as half of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies and a third of the seats in the Senate will be renewed
15 November 2021 Argentina’s Peronists set to lose control of Congress:
15 November 2021: Argentina’s Peronists set to lose control of Congress, as initial results show president Albert Fernandez’s party on track to lose its majority in the Congress after almost 40 years
3 July 2022 Argentina’s economy minister Guzman, the architect of a debt deal with the IMF, has resigned:
3 July 2022: Argentina’s economy minister Martin Guzman, the architect of a recent debt deal with the IMF, has resigned, coming amid deep splits in the ruling coalition about how to handle Argentina’s mounting economic crisis
11 August 2022 Argentina’s annual inflation surged past 70% last month, one of the fastest rates in the world:
11 August 2022: Argentina’s annual inflation surged past 70% last month, one of the fastest rates in the world, after renewed political turmoil fueled price spikes and a currency rout, as consumer prices rose 71% in July from a year ago, the highest level in about 30 years, and as on a monthly basis, the inflation rate spiked to 7.4%, accelerating at the fastest pace in two decades and slightly above economists’ average expectations for 7.3%
1 September 2022 attempted assassination against Argentine vice president Kirchner:
1 September 2022 attempted assassination against Argentine vice president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner by Fernando André Sabag Montiel, attempting to shoot her with a jamming pistol and no shots. Montiel was arrested at the scene, as local police said the suspect he is a Brazilian-born man who has lived in Argentina since 1993, the year after the 17 March 1992 bombing of the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, followed by the AMIA bombing on 18 July 1994 in Buenos Aires, according to 'Wikipedia', reporting with updates.
22 October 2023 Argentine general election:
22 October 2023 Argentine general election, to elect the president, vice president, members of the national congress, and the governors of most provinces. A run-off election to elect the president and vice president will take place on 19 November 2023. after Sergio Massa of the ruling Union for the Homeland unexpectedly came in first place, winning 36% of the vote, against Javier Milei of the Liberty Advances, who came in second place, with 30% of the vote.
19 November 2023 Argentine general elections:
19 November 2023 Argentine general elections run-off
Social movements and protests in Argentina:
Protests in Argentina
Since 1977:
Since 1977 'Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo', association of Argentine mothers whose children were 'disappeared' during the Dirty War of the military dictatorship 1976-1983, marching at the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires, in front of the Casa Rosada presidential palace, in public defiance of the junta's state terrorism intended to silence all opposition
-
Since 1977 'Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo', human rights organization with the goal of finding the children stolen and illegally adopted during the Argentine Dirty War, by 1998 the identities of 256 missing children had been documented
24 March:
Since 2002/2006 'Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice', a public holiday on 24 March commemorating the victims of the 'Dirty War' during Argentina's military dictatorship since 1976
2006:
24 March 2006: People gathered in Buenos Aires for a march to mourn the tens of thousands of victims of the March 1976 coup
2012:
9 November 2012: Angered by rising inflation, violent crime and high-profile corruption tens of thousands demonstrate in Argentina's capital
-
10 December 2012: Few poor people march against president Cristina Kirchner because they remain a strong part of her political base
2015:
22 January 2015: Saying 'Yo soy Nisman', people gathered outside the AMIA Jewish community center in Buenos Aires asking for 'Justice'
after the death of prosecutor Alberto Nisman
-
19 February 2015: Tens of thousands of protesters marched peacefully through Buenos Aires demanding an independent judiciary over Alberto Nisman's death who accused President Fernandez of covering up Iran's role in 1994 Jewish Center bombing
-
4 June 2015: Tens of thousands take part in mass demonstrations in cities across Argentina to condemn violence against women
,
as similar protests also take place in Chile and Uruguay
March 2016:
23 March 2016: Argentina’s main human rights groups have announced they will boycott USA's Obama’s visit to the country, which coincides with the 40th anniversary of 24 March 1976 military coup that led to the deaths of thousands of people
-
25 March 2016: Thousands in Buenos Aires protested USA's Obama's visit to Argentina on the 40th anniversary of the country's 1976 military coup, calling the visit a provocation and adding 'it's our date'
April-September 2016:
30 avril 2016: Des dizaines de milliers de personnes ont manifesté à Buenos Aires contre la politique d'austérité mise en place par Macri
-
2 September 2016: Argentina’s unions brought tens of thousands of people into the capital’s streets to protest against government job cuts, saying workers are being indiscriminately fired while Argentinians continue to lose purchasing power to one of the world’s highest inflation rates
November 2016:
19 November 2016: Argentines protesters demand law to fight growing poverty
April 2017:
6 April 2017: Truck and bus drivers, teachers, government customs agents and others march on Buenos Aires over government austerity measures as labor unions demand higher wages in line with inflation, which was clocked at 40% last year and is expected at about 20% in 2017
May 2017:
1 mai 2017: Cela fait 40 ans que les 'Mères de la Place de Mai' se rassemblent pour réclamer la vérité sur la disparition de leurs enfants pendant la dictature argentine
June 2018:
25 June 2018: Argentina's unions paralysed the country with a 24-hour anti-austerity strike on Monday in protest of the government's deal with the International Monetary Fund
19 January 2020 Argentines rally in Buenos Aires to remember prosecutor Nisman:
19 January 2020: Argentines rally in Buenos Aires to remember prosecutor Nisman who led the investigation into presidential cover-up of 1994 bombing of Jewish community center that left 85 dead, 300 wounded
7 August 2021: Argentinians protest for jobs and food as about 42% of people in Argentina live below the poverty line:
7 August 2021: Argentinians protest for more jobs, food amid economic crisis, as about 42% of people in Argentina live below the poverty line amid an economic downturn worsened by covid-19
12 December 2021 people rallied in Buenos Aires against any kind of debt restructuring deal with the IMF:
12 December 2021: Thousands of people have rallied in Argentina’s capital Buenos Aires, urging their government not to sign any kind of debt restructuring deal with the International Monetary Fundm as the protesters thronged Buenos Aires’s Plaza de Mayo on Saturday, carrying placards that read 'No to a deal with the IMF', as colourful banners of the country’s largest social and progressive organizations rippled under the beating sun, and as Argentinian debt dates back to 2018, when then-president M. Macri signed on to a $57bn agreement with the international lender of last resort
24 January 2024 Argentinians stage nationwide strike against Javier Milei’s far-right agenda:
24 January 2024: Argentine demonstrators have staged their biggest-yet show of opposition to Javier Milei’s radical attempt to reshape the South American country with a nationwide strike that shuttered schools and businesses, grounded hundreds of flights, and saw tens of thousands of marchers hit the streets
Society, demographics, culture and human rights in Argentina:
Argentine society
-
Human rights in Argentina
Regions,provinces and departments of Argentina:
The provinces of Argentina grouped into eight geographical regions
-
23
Provinces
of Argentina
-
376
Departments
of Argentina
-
Municipalities
of Argentina
Pampas:
The Pampas are fertile South American lowlands, covering more than 750,000 km2, that include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba
Patagonia:
Patagonia sparsely populated region located at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile, and comprises the southern section of the Andes mountains as well as the deserts, steppes and grasslands east of this southern portion of the Andes
Buenos Aires province:
Buenos Aires province
, the largest and most populous Argentinian province
Cities in Argentina:
List of cities in Argentina
-
List of cities in Argentina by population
-
List of ports in Argentina
Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area:
Great Buenos Aires,
Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area
refers to the urban agglomeration comprising the autonomous city of Buenos Aires and the adjacent 24 partidos (districts) over the Province of Buenos Aires and constituting the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of around 17 million
Buenos Aires city and port:
Buenos Aires
, the capital and most populous city of Argentina, located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the South American continent's southeastern coast
-
The Port of Buenos Aires, the principal maritime port in Argentina
Timeline of Buenos Aires:
Timeline of Buenos Aires
1620 capital of Buenos Aires Province:
1620 Buenos Aires becomes capital of Buenos Aires Province
May 1810 Revolution:
May 1810 Revolution, a direct reaction to Spain's Peninsular War and the first successful revolution in the South American Independence process, resulting in the removal of Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros and the establishment of a local government, the Primera Junta
1821 University of Buenos Aires:
Since 1821 University of Buenos Aires
Since 1897 modern port of Buenos Aires:
Since 1897 modern port of Buenos Aires
18 June 1955 Bombing of Plaza de Mayo:
18 June 1955 Bombing of Plaza de Mayo, a massacre which took place in Buenos Aires as 30 aircraft from the Argentine Navy and Air Force strafed and bombed the square in what remains to this day the largest aerial bombing ever on the Argentine mainland, targeting the adjacent Casa Rosada seat of government, as a large crowd was expressing support for president Juan Perón
17 March 1992 attack on Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires:
17 March 1992 attack on Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires
18 July 1994 AMIA bombing:
18 July 1994 AMIA bombing, a suicide van bomb attack on the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina building in Buenos Aires, killing 85 people and injuring hundreds, as the bombing is Argentina's deadliest terrorist attack to date, and as Argentina is home to a Jewish community of 230,000 citizens, the largest in Latin America and sixth in the world outside Israel
November 2018:
28 November 2018: Argentinian government urges Buenos Aires residents to leave city for G20, as Argentina’s capital city will go into a total security shutdown on Thursday, as all flights over the city will be diverted, trains, subways and all public transport will be cancelled, and as the city braces for around 33 anti-G20 protests and cultural events
-
29 November 2018: Argentine legal authorities took initial action to consider a request from Human Rights Watch to prosecute Saudi Arabia’s crown prince Mohammed bin Salman for crimes against humanity
November/December 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit:
30 November - 1 December 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit
-
30 November 2018: G20 participants including Marcron and Trump welcome Saudi prince at G20 stage, showing he’s not isolated and mocking humans, as Mohammed bin Salman and Russia's Putin both grinned broadly and greeted each other with an enthusiastic, thumping handshake that resembled a high-five, and hearty laughter
April 2019:
8 April 2019: The social deterioration of the country’s society triggered an attack by a homeless couple on the Mikdash Yosef Orthodox synagogue in the Palermo neighborhood of Buenos Aires, according to the Jewish umbrella organization of Argentinian Jewry, saying 'the impoverished situation of our Republic provokes, in some sectors of society in a situation of marginality, the invocation of old prejudices installed in society'
Demographics of Argentina:
Demographics
of Argentina
-
Argentines
-
Immigration to Argentina
-
Ethnography of Argentina
Indigenous peoples in Argentina:
Indigenous peoples in Argentina
-
Qulla indigenous people of Western Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina, living in Jujuy and Salta Provinces
-
Guaycuru ethnic groups indigenous to the Gran Chaco region of South America, speaking several related Mataco–Guaycuru languages, major extant branches of the Guaycuru are Mocoví, Toba, Pilagá and Kadiweu
-
Wichí indigenous people ranging about the headwaters of the Bermejo River and the Pilcomayo River, in Argentina and Bolivia
-
Diaguita people are a group of South American indigenous people native to the Chilean Norte Chico and the Argentine Northwest
-
Huarpes indigenous inhabitants of Cuyo in Argentina
-
Tehuelche people in Patagonia and the southern pampas regions of Argentina and Chile
July 1924 Napalpí massacre of Toba people:
19 July 1924 Napalpí massacre in the Chaco Province of Northeast Argentina, that involved the massacre of 400 indigenous people of the Toba ethnicity by the Argentine Police and ranchers
Mapuche indigenous inhabitants:
Mapuche indigenous inhabitants (total population ca. 1,700,000) of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of present-day Patagonia, refer to a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage as Mapudungun speakers
October 2019 high price for Argentina's fracking dream:
14 October 2019: Indigenous Mapuche pay high price for Argentina's fracking dream
-
14 October 2019: How fracking is taking its toll on Argentina's indigenous people
Guaraní people:
Guarani indigenous peoples of South America, in present-day Paraguay between the Uruguay River and lower Paraguay River, the Misiones Province of Argentina, southern Brazil once as far as north as Rio de Janeiro, and parts of Uruguay and Bolivia
Afro-Argentine:
Afro-Argentine, at the Argentine national census of 2010 149,493 people (0.37% of the total population of 40,117,096) were identified as Afro-Argentine, after throughout the 18th and 19th centuries they comprised up to fifty percent of the population in some provinces
-
Since 16th century importation of African slaves during Spanish colonial rule
-
Decline of the Afro-Argentine population since 19th century
History of the Jews in Argentina:
History of the Jews in Argentina
17 February 2021 Argentine Jewish group slams deceased ex-president cleared of bombing coverup:
17 February 2021: Argentine Jewish group slams deceased ex-president cleared of bombing coverup, as hours after his death, organization laments that Carlos Menem died a free man despite his government’s meddling in probe into those who committed and abetted AMIA, embassy attacks
Culture and languages in Argentina:
Culture of Argentina
-
Languages of Argentina
-
List of indigenous languages in Argentina
Women and women's rights in Argentina:
Women and women's rights in Argentina
-
Women's rights in Argentina
Since 1977 Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo:
Since 1977 Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo
-
Since 1977 Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo
28 April 2017 40 years later, the mothers of Argentina’s 'disappeared' refuse to be silent:
28 April 2017: 40 years later, the mothers of Argentina’s 'disappeared' refuse to be silent, as decades after the military murdered thousands, Mothers of Plaza de Mayo warn that the current era of 'alternative facts' poses a new threat
Children and childhood in Argentina:
Children and childhood in Argentina
-
Child welfare in Argentina
-
Child-related organisations in Argentina
July 2021 covid-19 jabs propel search for ‘stolen grandchildren’ in Argentina:
4 July 2021: In Argentina, covid-19 jabs propel search for ‘stolen grandchildren’, as advocates use vaccination campaign as a way to keep search for grandchildren ‘stolen’ during 1976-1983 dictatorship alive
Education in Argentina:
Education in Argentina
-
Education in Argentina by province
-
History of education in Argentina
Schools in Argentina:
Schools in Argentina
-
List of schools in Argentina
Universities and colleges in Argentina:
Universities and colleges in Argentina
-
Universities in Argentina by province
-
List of universities in Argentina
July 1966 'La Noche de los Bastones Largos':
29 July 1966 'La Noche de los Bastones Largos' was the violent dislodge of five faculties of the University of Buenos Aires by the Federal Police involving students, professors and graduates (members of the autonomous government of the university) who opposed the military government's measure of intervening the universities
Science and technology in Argentina:
Science and technology in
Argentina
Scientific organisations based in Argentina> -
Research institutes in Argentina
Astronomy in Argentina:
Astronomy in Argentina
-
Astronomical observatories in Argentina
Research vessels of Argentina:
Research vessels of Argentina
Libraries and museums in Argentina:
Libraries in Argentina
-
Museums in Argentina by province
-
Museums in Buenos Aires
-
List of museums in Argentina
Natural history museums in Argentina:
Natural history museums in Argentina
Argentine National Historical Museum:
Argentine National Historical Museum, since 1889
-
Juan B. Ambrosetti Museum of Ethnography, since 1904
'Remembrance park' Buenos Aires memorial to the victims of the 1976–1983 military regime and its 'Dirty War':
'Remembrance park' in Buenos Aires is a memorial to the victims of the 1976–1983 military regime and its 'Dirty War', a period of unprecedented state-sponsored violence in Argentina
Health in Argentina:
Health in Argentina
Medical outbreaks in Argentina:
Medical outbreaks in Argentina
19th century Yellow Fever in Buenos Aires:
Yellow Fever in Buenos Aires, a series of epidemics that took place in 1852, 1858, 1870 and 1871, as some of the main causes of the spread of this disease were the insufficient supply of drinking water, pollution of ground water by human waste
Since March 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Argentina:
Since March 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Argentina
28 March 2020 more covid-19 victims:
28 de marzo 2020: El ministerio de Salud informó 101 nuevos casos de coronavirus en el país, por lo que el total ascendió a 690, y por la enfermedad, ya murieron 17 personas en la Argentina
Health care in Argentina:
Health care in Argentina
Hospitals in Argentina:
Hospitals in Argentina
Sport in Argentina:
Sport in Argentina
-
Sport in Argentina by sport
Football in Argentina:
Football in Argentina
-
Women's football in Argentina
Football hooliganism and riots in Argentina:
Football hooliganism and riots in Argentina
1924-2010 250 deaths related to Argentine football:
7 April 2010: From 1924 to 2010 there were 245 deaths (250 with the Argentine recently died in South Africa) related to Argentine football (if the 300 dead in Perú in 1964 aren't counted)
May 2015:
15 May 2015: Boca Juniors vs. River Plate match suspended after spray attack
November 2018:
25 November 2018: Boca Juniors players hurt as rival fans attack team bus ahead of soccer match between River Plate and Boca Juniors in Buenos Aires
Argentine media:
Argentine media
Freedom of speech and press in Argentina:
Freedom of speech and press in Argentina
December 2017:
9 December 2017: British journalist Sally Burch included on list of 63 journalists and NGO officials banned from December WTO meeting over ‘security concerns’
Newspapers in Argentina:
Newspapers
in Argentina
September 2018:
17 September 2018: An Argentine news outlet’s analysis of secret recordings about the bombing of the 1994 AMIA Jewish center in Buenos Aires beat out The Wall Street Journal and others to win an international journalism award on Saturday
Broadcasting in Argentina:
Broadcasting
in Argentina
-
Television in Argentina
Internet in Argentine:
Internet
in Argentine
Crime in Argentina:
Crime in Argentina
-
Crime in Argentina by year
Coups d'état and massacres in Argentina:
Coups d'état
in Argentina
-
Massacres
in Argentina
-
List of massacres in Argentina
16 June 1955 Bombing of Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires:
16 June 1955 Bombing of Plaza de Mayo, massacre in Buenos Aires committed by 30 aircraft from the Argentine Navy and Air Force, killing 308 identified civilians including children and an additional number that could not be identified
Argentina's 'Dirty War' 1969-1983, 1976 coup d'état, torture and mass killings in Argentina:
1976 Argentine coup d'état
-
Dirty War 1969-1983
-
Torture in Argentina
-
Detention Centers in the Dirty War
-
Argentina's 'Secretaría de Inteligencia' and 'Dirty War'
-
Participation of members of the Catholic Church on both sides in Argentina's 'Dirty War'
August 1972 Trelew Massacre:
22 August 1972 Trelew Massacre was a mass execution of 16 political prisoners, militants of different Peronist and left organizations, in Rawson Penitentiary by the military regime of Argentina
June 1973 Ezeiza massacre:
20 June 1973 Ezeiza massacre near the Ezeiza International Airport in Buenos Aires
4 July 1976 San Patricio Church massacre:
4 July 1976 San Patricio Church massacre of three priests and two seminarians of the Pallottine order at St. Patrick’s Church in Buenos Aires, testimony before the CONADEP Commission in 1984 indicated that the San Patricio Church murders were carried by the military on the orders of Rear Admiral Ruben Chamorro, head of ESMA
August 1976 Fatima massacre:
20 August 1976 Fatima massacre refers to an incident in Fátima in Buenos Aires, where 30 prisoners were illegally detained, drugged, shot, their bodies were then dynamited
1985 Trial of the Juntas and aftermath:
1985 Trial of the Juntas
and aftermath
2012:
6 July 2012: Two Argentine ex-dictators convicted in baby thefts
-
6 July 2012: Ex-dictator Videla sentenced to 50 years
-
NZZ 24. Juli 2012: Katholische Kirche Mitwisser des Militärregimes bei der Praxis des Verschwindenlassens
-
NZZ 2. Oktober 2012: In Prozeß um die Ermordung von Häftlingen während der Militärdiktatur sechs frühere Offiziere zu lebenslanger Haft verurteilt
2016:
27 May 2016: Argentina’s last military dictator Reynaldo Bignone sentenced to 20 years in prison for his role in 'Operation Condor', under which an international death squad was set up during the 1970s and 80s by six South American military dictatorships allowing death squads from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay to cross into one another’s territory to kidnap, torture and kill political opponents who had fled across the border
-
22 July 2016: How Argentinian Guillermo Pérez Roisinblit learned his 'father' may have killed his real parents, as from 1976 to 1983 hundreds of babies were taken from the 'disappeared' and raised by criminal military families
1976-1983 Death flights of the Argentine Navy during the 'Dirty War in Argentina':
1976-1983 Death flights
of the Argentine Navy during the 'Dirty War in Argentina' - of thousands of kidnapped and disappeared people many were killed in death flights, a practice initiated by Admiral Luis María Mendía, usually after detention and torture, typically they were drugged into a stupor, loaded into aircraft, stripped, and dropped into the Río de la Plata or the Atlantic Ocean
2005:
19 January 2005: Argentina's navy has yet to tell the full story of atrocities committed during the country’s 'dirty war', 'death flight' captain Scilingo on trial for allegedly throwing dissidents from aeroplanes told a Spanish court yesterday, after in the 1990s laws were passed in Argentina shielding hundreds of officers from prosecution and protecting suspects
November 2017:
8 November 2017: Children of people accused of committing crimes against humanity under Argentina's 1976-1983 military regime appeared in Congress to present a bill that would alter the penal code to allow them to give evidence against their parents
-
9 noviembre 2017: Mi papá Julio Alejandro Verna 'participó en los vuelos de la muerte, inyectando a las personas que fueron arrojadas vivas al río o al mar'
,
'el mandato de silencio se refleja también en la legislación penal', la denuncia del hijo de un genocida
29 November 2017: Argentina’s largest-ever trial culminated in first judgement against pilots who threw opponents of military regime into ocean during 1976-83 dictatorship, as two former Argentinian military pilots have been given life sentences
30 November 2017: The federal court in Buenos Aires sentenced 29 former members of the USA-backed military junta to life imprisonment over their roles in carrying out murders in a trial
,
involving cases of kidnapping, torture and murder during the 1976-1983 dictatorship
Racism and antisemitism in Argentina:
Racism
in Argentina
-
Antisemitism
in
Argentina
-
Fascism
in Argentina
Since 1945 German Nazi and war criminals in Argentina:
Nazis in South America, Nazis who lived in Argentina included Adolf Eichmann, Josef Mengele, Aribert Heim, Eduard Roschmann and Ludolf von Alvensleben
-
Since World War II 'Organisation of Former SS Members' international Nazi network to establish and facilitate secret escape routes
-
13 September 2017: Argentina hands Israel some 140,000 of WWII files to uncover help Argentina gave to Nazi and German war criminals seeking refuge after Holocaust
1992 attack on Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires:
1992 attack on Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires
July 1994 AMIA Jewish center bombing:
18 July 1994 bombing attack on the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina in Buenos Aires
March 2009:
12 March 2009: When Argentines discovered that they had Holocaust-denying bishop Richard Williamson in their midst, allowed by Pope Benedict XVI back into the Catholic Church earlier in the year, the public outcry was forceful and the government response swift
January 2015 anti-Semitic attack in Lago Puelo:
21 January: Ten Israeli tourists were wounded in an anti-Semitic attack at a hostel in the southern Argentine village Lago Puelo
September 2018:
7 September 2018: Anti-Semitic incidents in Argentina rose by 14% in 2017 over the previous year, according to a Center for Social Studies' report, with many incidents on social networks and news sites
November 2018 soccer fans chant about killing the Jews:
24 November 2018: Home team soccer fans in Argentina
chanted about 'killing the Jews to make soap' at match of All Boys in their stadium in Buenos Aires against team with Jewish roots
25/26 February 2019 attack on Argentina’s chief rabbi and investigation:
26 February 2019: Argentina’s chief rabbi Gabriel Davidovich was hospitalized in serious condition Monday after being beaten during a home invasion in the Buenos Aires neighborhood of Once, condemned by Jewish groups as an anti-Semitic attack
,
demanding an immediate investigation
-
3 March 2019: Buenos Aires police identify suspects in violent assault on chief rabbi
27 February 2019 graves of Jews vandalized:
27 February 2019: Graves of Argentinian Jews vandalized in anti-Semitic attack after Argentina's chief rabbi was assaulted in his home, as the cemetery’s security cameras were vandalized and broken shortly before the attack
Terrorism in Argentina:
Terrorism in Argentina
1992 attack on Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires:
1992 attack on Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires
July 1994 bombing attack on the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina in Buenos Aires and investigation:
18 July 1994 bombing attack on the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina in Buenos Aires
-
Ibrahim Hussein Berro
-
29 January 2013: Israel has criticised Argentina for its decision to work with Iran to investigate the 1994 bombing of a Jewish cultural centre in Buenos Aires saying the move invites 'a murderer to investigate his own killings'
-
13 July 2014: At World Cup final Argentina soccer team remembers Jewish center bombing July 1994
January 2015 death of prosecutor Nisman:
January 2015 Death of Argentine prosecutor Alberto Nisman
-
19 January 2015: Prosecutor Alberto Nisman in Argentina Jewish center bombing 1994 found shot dead
before hearing on Iran deal
-
22 January: New findings raise questions over death of Alberto Nisman
-
23 January: Argentine president’s office says Nisman was likely killed by rogue Argentinian intelligence agents
-
25 January: Journalist Damian Pachter credited with being the first to report the gunshot death of prosecutor Nisman said to have fled to Israel because of fear for his safety in Argentina
-
27 January: Argentina to draft bill dissolving domestic intelligence agency 'Secretaría de Inteligencia'
-
29 January: Nisman was wary of own bodyguards before death, fearing also for the safety of his daughters, assistant says
February 2015 documents concerning Iran’s involvement:
3 February: Documents found at dead prosecutor Alberto Nisman's home
showing he sought to prosecute top officials for covering up Iran’s involvement in 1994 AMIA bombing
-
5 February: Judge Daniel Rafecas takes over Nisman probe of president and foreign minister
-
13 February: Argentine prosecutor Gerardo Pollicita says he is taking over investigation into claims President Fernandez Kirchner tried to cover up Iran's role in a 1994 bombing, after the previous prosecutor Nisman died mysteriously last month
March/April 2015:
5 March: Argentine prosecutor Nisman was 'assassinated', family says announcing the results of an unofficial probe
-
13 March 2015: Argentina declassifies files on Jewish center bombing 1994
-
15 April 2015: Discovery of Argentine prosecutor's own gun raises new questions in death probe related to Argentina's worst terror attack
April 2015 assistant of Alberto Nisman in fear of his life:
23 April 2015: Former Argentina spy chief Antonio Stiuso, who had assisted prosecutor Alberto Nisman in his investigation of the unsolved 1994 bombing, flees country in fear of his life, lawyer says
February/March 2016 move to federal court:
29 February 2016: A judicial attempt to rule out the suggestion that Nisman’s death in January 2015 was suicide and the appearance in court of a former spymaster who could provide clues in the case suggests that the stalled investigation may inching towards a conclusion
-
3 March 2016: Argentina's Stiuso links Fernandez government to Nisman's death
-
23 March 2016: The investigation into the shooting to death of AMIA special prosecutor Nisman must be moved to a federal court, Buenos Aires court rules after hearing on the case also revealing threats emailed to Nisman in the weeks before his death
December 2016 renewed investigation of cover up:
29 December 2016: Argentine court orders a renewed investigation into a prosecutor’s accusation that former President Kirchner covered up the involvement of Iranians in the 1994 attack against the AMIA Jewish community center in Buenos Aires that killed 85 people and wounded hundreds of othera
Since September 2017 assassination report:
24 September 2017: According to an official report, 1994 AMIA Jewish center bombing special prosecutor Alberto Nisman was assassinated by two people, who drugged and beat him and then manipulated the crime scene to make it look like a suicide in
2015
-
6 November 2017: Listing key evidence that wasn’t mentioned in previous reports, new border police agency report says prosecutor Nisman who accused president of obstructing probe into bombing was beaten, drugged and shot by two men, after alleging AMIA cover-up
-
8 November 2017: Argentine prosecutor Taiano calls to investigate Alberto Nisman's death as a murder also identifying suspect Lagomarsino
-
27 December 2017: Argentine special prosecutor Alberto Nisman, who was found dead in 2015 after accusing the former president of covering up Iran's role in the 1994 Jewish community center bombing, was murdered, federal judge Julian Ercolini ruled Tuesday
,
saying there was enough evidence to support foul play in the death of Nisman
March 2018 Kirchner to face trial over cover-up:
5 March 2018: Argentina’s former president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and 11 other former officials and people close to Fernández’s government will face trial over an alleged cover-up of Iranian involvement in the 1994 bombing of the Jewish community centre in Buenos Aires, according to judicial authorities
June 2018:
2 June 2018: An Argentine federal appeals court confirmed Friday that special prosecutor Alberto Nisman, found dead in 2015 while investigating a 1994 Jewish center bombing, was murdered, coming as a 'direct consequence' of his accusations that then-president Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner covered up Iran’s role in the attack on the Buenos Aires AMIA center that left 85 dead and hundreds wounded
December 2018 threats against federal judge Salgado:
24 December 2018: Citing 'threats' and the 'need to guarantee the protection and safety of the family', Argentinean federal Judge Sandra Arroyo Salgado, ex-wife of AMIA Jewish center bombing prosecutor Alberto Nisman, removes herself from lawsuit which led to probe into Nisman’s death hours before he was to present proof that Argentinian premier covered up Iran’s role in attack
28 February 2019 AMIA bombing cover-up trial:
28 February 2019: Former Argentine judge Juan Jose Galeano, who led the probe into the deadly 1994 bombing of a Jewish center in Buenos Aires, was jailed for six years for his role in a cover-up, former intel chief also ordered to prison among other defendants convicted over corruption and obstruction of justice
24 December 2020 AMIA bombing suspect acquitted in historic trial, sparking outrage:
24 December 2020: Argentine Jewish groups were expecting a long-awaited victory on Wednesday in the 26-year struggle for justice in the 1994 AMIA Jewish center terrorist bombing, figuring there was enough evidence to convict the car mechanic accused of preparing the deadly car bomb, but a federal court acquitted the defendant, Carlos Telleldin, in a second trial in the case
12 June 2020 new details of events that led to death of AMIA prosecutor Nisman:
12 June 2020: Israeli TV documentary claims, Israel’s Mossad provided the intelligence information that enabled Argentine prosecutor Alberto Nisman to prove that Iran orchestrated the 1994 AMIA terrorist bombing in Buenos Aires, in which 85 people were killed, as an ex-Mossad agent gave Nisman incriminating information on former Argentine president Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner’s alleged efforts to cover up Iran’s role in the blast, in a sequence of events that ultimately led to Nisman’s assassination
17 February 2021 Argentine Jewish group slams deceased ex-president cleared of bombing coverup:
17 February 2021: Argentine Jewish group slams deceased ex-president cleared of bombing coverup, as hours after his death, organization laments that Carlos Menem died a free man despite his government’s meddling in probe into those who committed and abetted AMIA, embassy attacks
February 2021 Iranian/Argentinian policy since 1980s and nuclear cooperation:
18 February 2021: In 1995 former Argentinian president Menem, the child of Syrian Muslim immigrants, related at least through marriage to the Assad regime, who died now in February 2021, blamed Iran’s proxy terrorist network Hezbollah for the 1994 AMA bombing after his son was killed in a helicopter crash, promising to place 'all the state’s resources' at the disposal of the investigators probing the AMIA attack, but did nothing of the kind, as investigator-prosecutor Alberto Nisman in 2013 told 'The Times of Israel' that specific motivation for the 1994 AMIA bombing was to punish Argentina for halting its nuclear cooperation with Iran
12 April 2024 Argentina court blames Iran for deadly 1994 bombing of Jewish center carried out by Hezbollah:
12 April 2024: A new ruling by Argentina’s highest criminal court has blamed Iran for the fatal 1994 attack against a Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, declaring it a 'crime against humanity' in a decision that paves the way for victims to seek justice. That huge blast at the Argentinian Israelite Mutual Association (AMIA), was blamed on a suicide bomber driving a stolen van loaded with explosives. It killed 85 people, wounded 300 and devastated Latin America’s biggest Jewish community. In their ruling late on Thursday, the judges ruled that the bombing was carried out by the Shia militant organization Hezbollah and responded to a 'political and strategic design' by Iran. The court said the attack came in retaliation for Argentina reneging on a nuclear cooperation deal with Tehran. Representatives from Argentina’s Jewish community said the court ruling was “historic” and “unique” because it opened the door for the victims’ relatives to bring lawsuits against the Islamic Republic.
Corruption in Argentina:
Corruption in Argentina
1930-1943 'The Infamous Decade in Argentina':
'The Infamous Decade in Argentina', the name given to the period of time that began in 1930 with the coup d'état against president Hipólito Yrigoyen by José Félix Uriburu and resulting in the
military coup of 1943
1976-1983 military dictatorship and corruption:
1976-1983 military dictatorship and corruption
Since 1989 presidency of Carlos Menem, privatizations in Argentina and corruption:
1990–1994 privatizations in Argentina and corruption during the presidency of Carlos Menem
-
'Swiftgate' was the name given to a 1991 corruption scandal in Argentina
1991-1995 Argentine arms trafficking scandal:
1991-1995 Argentine arms trafficking scandal, involving illegal arms shipments of 6500 tons of weapons and ammunition from Argentina to Croatia and Ecuador
2007-2015 'suitcase' scandal:
2007-2015 'suitcase' scandal involving Venezuela and Argentina
Since 2013 'The Route of the K-Money':
Since 2013 'The Route of the K-Money' scandal in Argentina
and Argentine businessman Lázaro Báez
December 2015 'Ñoquis':
'Ñoquis' in Argentina, persons who are legally registered as workers, usually for the government, receiving a monthly wage but performing little or no work
-
22 diciembre 2015: Ñoquis en el Estado, hay 4 millones de empleados públicos, de los cuales entre el 5% y 7% serían 'fantasma'
2016/2017 Transparency International's Argentina reports:
Transparency International's Latin America and Argentina reports
August 2018:
2 août 2018: Ce n'est pas le premier cas de corruption visant l'administration Kirchner, mais pour la première fois, plusieurs chefs d'entreprise ont été placés en détention, dont le patron d'une société du Groupe Macri, fondé par Franco Macri, le père de l'actuel président argentin Mauricio Macri
September 2018 ex-president Kirchner charged with corruption:
18 September 2018: Ex-president Kirchner charged with corruption, accused of having accepted tens of millions of dollars in bribes in the notorious 'corruption notebooks' scandal that has rocked Argentina’s political and business elites
Corruption in Argentine Law Enforcement:
Corruption in Argentine Law Enforcement
List of cases of police brutality in Argentina:
List of cases of police brutality in Argentina
-
Police misconduct in Argentina
Coups d'état in Argentina:
Coups d'état
in Argentina
Attempted coups in Argentina:
Attempted coups in Argentina
Riots in Argentina:
Riots and civil disorder in Argentina
2012:
22 December 2012: Argentina looting spreads to Buenos Aires province
2013:
2013 police revolts in Argentina
Organized crime in Argentina:
Organized crime
in Argentina
-
Gangs in Argentina
May 2019:
10 May 2019: Héctor Olivares, the representative of La Rioja province in Argentina’s lower house of congress, was shot and seriously injured on Thursday near the congressional building in Buenos Aires and a provincial official killed in the organized attack
Human trafficking in Argentina:
Human trafficking
in Argentina
Violence against women and domestic violence in Argentina:
Violence against women
in Argentina
-
Domestic violence
in Argentina
Disasters in Argentina:
Disasters
in Argentina
Law and legal history of Argentina:
Argentine law
-
Legal history of Argentina
-
Since 1819 Constitutions of Argentina
-
1994 amendment of the Constitution of Argentina
-
Human rights in Argentina
18 July 2022 Argentina committed crimes against humanity in its violence against Indigenous people:
18 July 2022: It’s been almost 100 years since Indigenous tribes in the north of Argentina were violently attacked. Hundreds were killed in the Napalpí Massacre, as it has come to be known. In a unique trial for the South American country, prosecutors now say that the state committed crimes against humanity. This week marks the anniversary of the events, and the trial’s verdict is seen as a first step for the country to reflect on racism and violence against Indigenous people
Judiciary of Argentina:
Judiciary
of Argentina
-
Justice in Argentina is administered by
federal courts
, including the Supreme Court, which supervises and regulates all other federal courts including nine appellate courts, district and territorial courts, as
provincial courts
include supreme courts, appellate courts, courts of first instance, and minor courts of justices of the peace (alcaldes) and of market judges
May 2016 military dictator Bignone sentenced to 20 years in prison:
27 May 2016: Argentina’s last military dictator Reynaldo Bignone sentenced to 20 years in prison for his role in 'Operation Condor', under which an international death squad was set up during the 1970s and 80s by six South American military dictatorships allowing death squads from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay to cross into one another’s territory to kidnap, torture and kill political opponents who had fled across the border
November 2017 military pilots given life sentences:
29 November 2017: Two former Argentinian military pilots have been given life sentences for their part in the death of a close friend of Pope Francis, who was hurled to her death from an aircraft during the country’s 1976-83 dictatorship
November 2017 29 former members of the USA-backed military junta sentenced to life imprisonment:
30 November 2017: The federal court in Buenos Aires sentenced 29 former members of the USA-backed military junta to life imprisonment over their roles in carrying out murders in a trial
,
involving cases of kidnapping, torture and murder during the 1976-1983 dictatorship
December 2017 death of Alberto Nisman no suicide:
27 December 2017: Death of Alberto Nisman, who was set to expose evidence that president covered up Iran’s role in 1994 Jewish center bombing, 'could not have been a suicide', federal judge Julian Ercolini writes in his 656-page ruling, saying there was enough evidence to support foul play in the death of Nisman
March 2018 Cristina Kirchner to face trial:
2 March 2018: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner to face trial, alongside businessman Lázaro Báez and several others, on illicit association charges
,
also facing trial over alleged cover-up of Iranian involvement in 1994 bombing of Jewish community centre
May 2018 neo-Nazi gang members sentenced for hate crimes:
7 May 2018: In first, neo-Nazi gang members sentenced to jail time for hate crimes in Argentina, as the Simon Wiesenthal Center praises the ruling saying 'the country that at the end of World War II received the most Nazi war criminals cannot afford leniency to neo-Nazis'
June 2018 death of Alberto Nisman no suicide:
2 June 2018: An Argentine federal appeals court confirmed Friday that special prosecutor Alberto Nisman, found dead in 2015 while investigating a 1994 Jewish center bombing, was murdered, coming as a 'direct consequence' of his accusations that then-president Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner covered up Iran’s role in the attack on the Buenos Aires AMIA center that left 85 dead and hundreds wounded
December 2018 threats against federal Judge Sandra Arroyo Salgado:
24 December 2018: Mentioning ongoing 'threats' and the 'need to guarantee the protection and safety of the family', Argentinean federal Judge Sandra Arroyo Salgado, ex-wife of the late AMIA Jewish center prosecutor Alberto Nisman, removed herself from a lawsuit that prompted an investigation into the death of her former husband
28 February 2019 AMIA bombing cover-up trial:
28 February 2019: After no one has ever been convicted over the 1994 bombing of a Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, former president Carlos Menem, his intelligence chief and the judge in charge of the initial probe face prison if found guilty of staging a cover-up, among 13 defendants who could be incarcerated for a slew of corruption and obstruction of justice charges when a court in Buenos Aires hands down its verdict after a four-year trial
-
28 February 2019: Former Argentine judge Juan Jose Galeano, who led the probe into the deadly 1994 bombing of a Jewish center in Buenos Aires, was jailed for six years for his role in a cover-up, former intel chief also ordered to prison among other defendants convicted over corruption and obstruction of justice
24 December 2020 AMIA bombing suspect acquitted in historic trial, sparking outrage:
24 December 2020: Argentine Jewish groups were expecting a long-awaited victory on Wednesday in the 26-year struggle for justice in the 1994 AMIA Jewish center terrorist bombing, figuring there was enough evidence to convict the car mechanic accused of preparing the deadly car bomb, but a federal court acquitted the defendant, Carlos Telleldin, in a second trial in the case
Law enforcement in Argentina:
Law enforcement
in Argentina
-
Corruption in Argentine Law Enforcement
Law enforcement agencies of Argentina:
Law enforcement agencies of Argentina
-
Provincial Police Forces in Argentina
Argentine Federal Police:
Argentine Federal Police
List of cases of police brutality in Argentina:
List of cases of police brutality in Argentina
-
Police misconduct in Argentina
Foreign relations of Argentina:
Foreign relations of Argentina
Treaties of Argentina:
Treaties of Argentina
1960 and 1982 UN Security Council resolutions concerning Argentina:
1960 and 1982
United Nations
Security Council resolutions concerning Argentina
2012:
18 October 2012: Argentina, Australia, Luxembourg
,
Rwanda and South Korea won non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council
Since 1986 South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone:
South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, created in 1986 through resolution A/RES/41/11 of the UN general assembly on Brazil's initiative
Argentine Antarctica:
Argentine Antarctica
-
Instituto Antártico Argentino
Bilateral relations of Argentina:
Bilateral relations of Argentina
Argentina/Azerbaijan relations:
Argentina/
Azerbaijan
relations
-
Paraná–Uruguaiana pipeline
November 2019 Argentina asks Azerbaijan to arrest Iranian Velayati:
10 November 2019: Scheduled to attend the Second Summit of religious world leaders in Baku on November 14-15, Argentina has asked Azerbaijan to arrest high-level Iranian adviser Ali Akbar Velayati to the country’s supreme leader in connection with the bombing in 1994 of the Buenos Aires AMIA Jewish center, because Velayati was Iran’s foreign minister at the time of the terrorist attack and has been implicated in ordering the bombing
Argentina/Bolivia relations:
Argentina/
Bolivia
relations
-
Yabog pipeline
-
Gasoducto del Noreste Argentino
Argentina/Brazil relations:
Argentina/
Brazil
relations
-
Paraná–Uruguaiana pipeline
Argentina/Chile relations:
Argentina/
Chile
relations
-
Border issues
-
Argentine Antarctica
-
Chilean Antarctic Territory
-
Antarctic Peninsula
1970s:
In the 1970s, Dutch collaborator, Nazi journalist and member of the Waffen-SS Willem Sassen, escaped to Argentina in 1947, among others worked as a PR-consultant for Chile's dictator Pinochet and Paraguay's dictator general Alfredo Stroessner
Since 1997 GasAndes Pipeline
Argentines of European descent:
Argentines of European descent, belonging to several communities which trace their origins to various migrations from Europe and which have contributed to the country's cultural and demographic variety
-
European Argentine by country of origin
19th and early 20th century great European immigration wave to Argentina:
The great European immigration wave to Argentina took place in the late 19th and early 20th century, consisting mostly of Italian and Spanish immigrants, along with other nationalities such as Slavs (especially Ukrainians, Poles, and Russians), French and Germans among others, including Jews, as during this period Argentina saw a huge increase in population
Argentina/Germany relations:
Argentina/
Germany
relations
German Argentine:
German Argentine
-
Population of German descent by province in Argentina
-
Population of Misiones, whose residents are descendants of mostly European immigrants
Since 1945 German war criminals in Argentina:
Nazis in South America, Nazis who lived in Argentina included Adolf Eichmann, Josef Mengele, Aribert Heim, Eduard Roschmann and Ludolf von Alvensleben
-
Since World War II 'Organisation of Former SS Members' international Nazi network to establish and facilitate secret escape routes
1947-2002 Waffen-SS Willem Sassen's escape to and continuation of his road of life in Argentina:
1947-2002: Dutch collaborator, Nazi journalist and member of the Waffen-SS Willem Sassen's escape to and continuation of his road of life in Argentina, in the 1970s Sassen worked as a PR-consultant for Chile's dictator Pinochet and Paraguay's dictator Stroessner
1948-1960 Holocaust organiser Adolf Eichmann in Argentina and Mercedes-Benz department head in Buenos Aires:
1948-1960 Adolf Eichmann's, one of the major organisers of the Holocaust, escape to Argentina, finding employment at 'Mercedes-Benz Argentina' founded in 1951, where he rose to department head in Buenos Aires
-
26 February 2009: 'After Words' interview with Neal Bascomb about his book 'Hunting Eichmann, How a Band of Survivors and a Young Spy Agency Chased Down the World’s Most Notorious Nazi'
1956-1960 Sassen's Eichmann interviews:
1956-1960 Sassen's Eichmann interviews, published in parts in 'Life' magazine, as beginning in late 1956 Eichmann was extensively interviewed by Nazi expatriate journalist Willem Sassen with the intention of producing a biography, transcripts also later used as the basis for a series of articles that appeared in 'Life' and 'Der Stern' magazines in late 1960
Since 1951 Mercedes Benz in Argentina:
Since 1951 Mercedes Benz in Argentina, founded by Jorge Antonio employing German Nazis, himself linked with stories of 'Nazi Gold', money brought to Argentina, the USA, and other safe havens by Nazis fleeing Germany, and who later admitted that he knew Eichmann's real identity
-
Jorge Antonios Verwicklung in Nazigeschäfte und Geldwäsche, recherchiert von Gaby Weber
September 2017:
13 September 2017: Argentina hands Israel some 140,000 of WWII files to uncover help Argentina gave to Nazi and German war criminals seeking refuge after Holocaust
,
as Israeli PM Netanyahu touches down in Argentina for 'historic' Latin America visit
October 2018:
19 October 2018: Argentina’s Jewish political umbrella revealed excerpts from tens of thousands of documents about World War II that shed light on the Nazi influence on the country and the Nazi war criminals who hid there, including Adolph Eichmann, who lived in Argentina after WW2 until he was captured by Israel
Argentina/Iran relations:
Argentina/
Iran
relations
-
28 January 2013: Argentina and Iran create independent commission to investigate 1994 bombing at a Jewish centre in Buenos Aires that killed 85
-
14 February: Argentina's foreign minister insists that a judge will question Iranian suspects over the deadly 1994 bombing of a Jewish charities building after Iranian denial
2016:
2015/2016 Iran/Argentina relations and the 1994 bombing at a Jewish centre in Buenos Aires
-
19 January 2016: Thousands call for justice at memorial for slain Argentine prosecutor Alberto Nisman
February 2021 Iranian/Argentinian policy since 1980s and nuclear cooperation:
18 February 2021: In 1995 former Argentinian president Menem, the child of Syrian Muslim immigrants, related at least through marriage to the Assad regime, who died now in February 2021, blamed Iran’s proxy terrorist network Hezbollah for the 1994 AMA bombing after his son was killed in a helicopter crash, promising to place 'all the state’s resources' at the disposal of the investigators probing the AMIA attack, but did nothing of the kind, as investigator-prosecutor Alberto Nisman in 2013 told 'The Times of Israel' that specific motivation for the 1994 AMIA bombing was to punish Argentina for halting its nuclear cooperation with Iran
12 April 2024 Argentina court blames Iran for deadly 1994 bombing of Jewish center carried out by Hezbollah:
12 April 2024: A new ruling by Argentina’s highest criminal court has blamed Iran for the fatal 1994 attack against a Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, declaring it a 'crime against humanity' in a decision that paves the way for victims to seek justice. That huge blast at the Argentinian Israelite Mutual Association (AMIA), was blamed on a suicide bomber driving a stolen van loaded with explosives. It killed 85 people, wounded 300 and devastated Latin America’s biggest Jewish community. In their ruling late on Thursday, the judges ruled that the bombing was carried out by the Shia militant organization Hezbollah and responded to a 'political and strategic design' by Iran. The court said the attack came in retaliation for Argentina reneging on a nuclear cooperation deal with Tehran. Representatives from Argentina’s Jewish community said the court ruling was “historic” and “unique” because it opened the door for the victims’ relatives to bring lawsuits against the Islamic Republic.
Argentina/Israel relations:
Argentina/
Israel
relations
1960 Capture of Adolf Eichmann:
1960 Capture of German SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann, one of the major organizers of the Holocaust, in Argentina
-
1961 Trial of Adolf Eichmann
1960 Argentine's complaint over captured Eichmann and UN and CDU-ruled Germany' reaction:
In June 1960, after a complaint that the transfer of Adolf Eichmann to Israel from Argentina constituted a violation of the latter's sovereignty, UN Security Council declared in its resolution 138, approved by eight votes, that such acts could endanger international peace and security and requested that Israel make the appropriate reparation in accordance with the UN Charter, but Israel held the view that the matter was beyond the Council's competence and should instead be settled via direct bilateral negotiations
,
as the capture of Eichmann caused alarm at the USA's CIA and West German Bundesnachrichtendienst, which had known for at least two years that Eichmann was hiding in Argentina, but did not act, fearing what Eichmann might say in his testimony about West German national security advisor CDU Hans Globke, who had coauthored several antisemitic Nazi laws, according to documents declassified in 2006, also revealing that both agencies had used some of Eichmann's former Nazi colleagues to spy on European countries
2013/2014 Israel criticised Argentina for its decision to work with Iran to investigate 1994 AMIA bombing:
29 January 2013: Israel has criticised Argentina for its decision to work with Iran to investigate the 1994 bombing of a Jewish cultural centre in Buenos Aires saying the move invites 'a murderer to investigate his own killings'
-
13 July 2014: At World Cup final Argentina soccer team remembers Jewish center bombing July 1994
2015 January 2015 prosecutor Nisman in Argentina Jewish center bombing 1994 found shot dead:
19 January 2015: Prosecutor Alberto Nisman in Argentina Jewish center bombing 1994 found shot dead
before hearing on Iran deal
2017 two-year anniversary of Alberto Nisman's death:
17 January 2017: Israel and Argentina to mark two-year anniversary of Alberto Nisman's mysterious death
-
13 September 2017: Argentina hands Israel some 140,000 of WWII files to uncover help Argentina gave to Nazi and German war criminals seeking refuge after Holocaust, as Israeli PM Netanyahu arrived for the first visit by an Israeli leader to Latin America since Israel’s creation in 1948
August 2018 Hamas rockets and Argentinian 'deep concern':
14 August 2018: Referring to the recent escalation in tensions that has seen Hamas fire hundreds of rockets into Israeli territory and the Israelis carry out numerous retaliatory strikes against Hamas outposts and fighters, Argentine Foreign Ministry’s statement expresses its 'deep concern' over the violence, which it said was 'caused by the launch of rockets towards Israel'
16 March 2021 more Argentine Jews made the move to Israel in 2020 despite the pandemic:
16 March 2021: More Argentine Jews made the move to Israel in 2020 despite the pandemic
Argentina/Italy relations:
Argentina/
Italy
relations
Italian Argentines estimated 62.5% of the total population:
Italian Argentines, Argentine-born citizens of Italian descent or Italian-born people who reside in Argentina, the largest ethnic origin of modern Argentines, after the Spanish colonial period had prepared migratory movements into Argentina, and it is estimated that up to 30 million Argentines have some degree of Italian ancestry, 62.5% of the total population in 2011
Argentina-Italy economic and trade relations:
Argentina-Italy economic and trade relations, as trade between Argentina and Italy totaled US$1.9 billion in 2015, and as Argentina's main exports to Italy include wheat, soya beans, frozen crustacean, pears and beef, and Italy's main exports to Argentina include steam turbines, streel rails, machinery, medicine and luxury goods
Argentina/Lebanon relations:
Argentina/
Lebanon
relations
July 2019 Hezbollah a terrorist organization:
19 July 2019: Israel praises Argentina for freezing assets of Iran-backed organization, branding Hezbollah a terrorist organization, saying it continues to pose a security threat
-
19 July 2019: Bahrain on Friday joined Israel in commending Argentina for branding the Hezbollah a terrorist organization and freezing its assets, 25 years to the day after a bombing blamed on the Iran-backed group destroyed a Jewish community center
Argentina/Paraguay relations:
Argentina/
Paraguay
relations
November 2020 Ammonium nitrate smuggled from Paraguay:
15 novembre 2020: L’Argentine mène une enquête après avoir reçu une dénonciation anonyme à son ambassade au Royaume-Uni selon laquelle du matériel explosif serait entré dans le pays en provenance du Paraguay en vue d’attaquer la communauté juive, selon un communiqué du ministère de la Sécurité, assurant qu’une 'personne en provenance de la République du Paraguay' avait fait entrer sur le territoire argentin du 'nitrate d’ammonium, un composant utilisé pour la fabrication d’explosifs'
,
responsable pour l'explosion au port de Beyrouth de 2020
Argentina/Saudi Arabia relations:
Argentina/
Saudi Arabia
relations
-
Relaciones Arabia Saudita-Argentina
November 2018:
27 November 2018: Argentine prosecutors are considering charging Saudi Arabia’s crown prince Mohammed bin Salman with war crimes and torture if he flies to Buenos Aires for the G20 summit this week, after Human Rights Watch wrote to federal judge Ariel Lijo and prosecutor Ramiro González, arguing that the Argentinian courts should invoke a universal jurisdiction statute in Argentinian law
Argentina/Spain relations:
Argentina/
Spain
relations
-
Spanish Argentine
-
Argentines in Spain
Argentine War of Independence 1810-1818
Argentina/Switzerland relations:
Argentina/
Switzerland
relations
Swiss Argentines:
Swiss Argentines, Argentine citizens of Swiss ancestry or people who emigrated from Switzerland and reside in Argentina, today the largest group of the Swiss diaspora in Latin America
March 2020 Nazis now living in Argentina with Credit Suisse accounts:
5 February 2020: The Simon Wiesenthal Center said it has received a list of 12,000 Nazis who were living in Argentina, many of whom contributed to bank accounts in what is now Credit Suisse, now seeking access to the bank’s archives to determine if any of the funds held in the accounts were looted from Jewish victims during the Holocaust, after the bank in 1997 had asked to co-sponsor a major conference in Geneva titled 'Restitution: A Moral Debt to History', but met the request at the time to access the accounts with no response
Argentina/Uruguay relations:
Argentina/
Uruguay
relations
-
Cruz del Sur pipeline
Argentina/United Kingdom relations:
Argentina/
United Kingdom
relations
UK territorial claims in Antarctica:
Overlapping territorial claims in Antarctica
-
22 December 2012: The UK ambassador to Argentina has been summoned to explain why part of Antarctica has been renamed in honour of the Queen
Falklands history and war 1982:
Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands)
-
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
-
British rule on the Falkland Islands since 1833
-
Falklands War 1982
Falklands dispute 2012:
Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute
-
1 February 2012: UK sends warship to Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands)
-
10 February: Ban Ki-moon says UN is willing to help mediate dispute involving Britain and Argentina over islands
-
15 June: Argentine leader takes Falklands claim to UN
-
20 June: At the G20 summit Argentina's President Cristina Kirchner says to Britain's Cameron: 'Let's respect the United Nations', citing UN resolutions calling for sovereignty negotiations
2013:
Falkland Islands sovereignty referendum 10–11 March 2013
-
10 de marzo de 2013: El gobierno argentino reiteró hoy que no reconocerá el resultado del referéndum que comenzó esta mañana en las islas Malvinas
-
12 mars: Les Malouines plébiscitent leur appartenance au Royaume-Uni
-
13 March: Argentine President Cristina Kirchner dismissed referendum saying the vote in the South Atlantic archipelago was a 'parody'
-
27 March 2013: Argentina's foreign minister demands talks with Britain on the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands
Argentina/USA relations:
Argentina/
USA
relations
-
CIA activities in Argentina
Since 1968:
Since 1968 'Operation Condor' campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents, officially implemented in 1975 by the right-wing dictatorships of the Southern Cone of South America
-
The USA provided key organizational, financial and technical assistance to the 'Operation Condor' into the 1980s
Since 1976:
Since 1976 USA's involvement with Argentina's Junta and its 'Dirty War'
24 March 1976 Argentine coup d'état:
24 March 1976 Argentine coup d'état that overthrew Isabel Perón installing in her place a military junta, which was headed by generals including Jorge Rafael Videla
-
1976-1983 military dictatorship in Argentina and foreign support
1976/2003 evidence of USA involvement with Argentina's military dictatorship:
4 December 2003: Newly declassified documents show USA Secretary of State Kissinger in 1976 gave green light to Agentina's junta, advising the perpetrators 'If you can finish before Congress gets back, the better', while military dictatorship committed massive human rights abuses
2014:
16 June 2014: Argentina debt crisis fears grow after USA supreme court refused to hear an appeal against decision in favour of hedge funds
-
31 July 2014: Argentina defaults after last-ditch talks fail
-
31 July: Argentina's government blames conspiracy for defaulting on debt
-
7 August 2014: Argentina files legal action against the USA at The Hague over debt default
2016:
23 March 2016: Argentina’s main human rights groups have announced they will boycott USA's Obama’s visit to the country, which coincides with the 40th anniversary of 24 March 1976 military coup that led to the deaths of thousands of people
Environment of Argentina:
Environment of Argentina
-
Natural history of Argentina
Climate of Argentina:
Climate of Argentina
Ecoregions of Argentina:
Ecoregions of Argentina
-
Conservation in Argentina
-
Protected areas of Argentina
-
Protected areas of Argentina by province
Water in Argentina:
Water in Argentina
-
Water supply and sanitation in Argentina
Environmental issues and environmentalism in Argentina:
Environmental issues in Argentina
-
Environmentalism in Argentina
Forestry and deforestation in Argentina:
Forestry in Argentina
Use of toxic agrochemicals in Argentina:
2013:
20 October 2013: Agrochemicals linked to health problems in Argentina
-
10 December 2013: The use of pesticides increased 858% in the last 22 years in Argentina, but as there is a great business for the global poison industry, led by Monsanto and Bayer, and as its products are sprayed over areas of intense monoculture, where more than 12 million people live, the public health is faced with great problems
,
according to the Network of Physicians working in crop-sprayed towns
2015:
11 November 2015: Glyphosate has devastating, dramatic effects on the health of people living in very close contact with it, Argentinian photographer Pablo Ernesto Piovano's report on the conditions of people living and working close to GM soy crops, where massive amounts of herbicide are used, reveals
2017:
21 February 2017: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay farm transgenic seeds glyphosate resistant
,
but there is an association between cancer and environmental exposure to Glyphosate
-
11 May 2017: According to official reports, 60% of the food that arrives in the Central Market of Buenos Aires has agrochemical residues
Natural disasters in Argentina:
Natural disasters in Argentina
Weather events and floods in Argentina:
Floods in Argentina
-
Weather events in Argentina
-
Tornadoes in Argentina
2012 deadly storm:
30 October 2012: Deadly storm strikes Argentine capital
2013 Argentina floods:
2013 Argentina floods
-
3 April 2013: At least eight people died after torrential rain and strong winds battered Buenos Aires and its suburbs
2015 Argentina and South America floods:
27 décembre 2015: En Argentine, au Brésil, au Paraguay et en Uruguay, près de 170'000 personnes évacuées à cause des pires inondations de ces dernières décennies, selon les autorités
Fires and wildfires in Argentina:
Fires in Argentina
30 July 2020 Argentina's delta fires rage out of control:
30 July 2020: Argentina's delta fires rage out of control
The Bahamas
-
Geography of
The Bahamas
-
Pre-Columbian period
-
Lucayans, the original inhabitants of the Bahamas before the arrival of Europeans 1492, were seized by the Spanish as slaves and they had all been removed from the Bahamas by 1520
-
History of The Bahamas
-
Since 1775 and the USA War of Independence loyalists, slaves and Black Seminoles, escaped from Florida, resettled in the Bahamas, practising American human rights
-
Demographics of the Bahamas - 85% of the Bahamian population identifies as being primarily of African heritage
Lucayan Archipelago:
Lucayan Archipelago, also known as the Bahama Archipelago, is an island group comprising the Commonwealth of the Bahamas and the British Overseas Territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands
Economy of The Bahamas:
Economy of The Bahamas
- main industries are tourism, banking, cement, oil transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe
-
List of companies of the Bahamas
Energy in the Bahamas:
Energy in the Bahamas
-
Electric power companies of the Bahamas
Agriculture in the Bahamas:
Agriculture in the Bahamas, main crops are common vegetables: onions, okra, and tomatoes
Transport in the Bahamas:
Transport in the Bahamas
-
Bahamas Maritime Authority
-
List of airports in the Bahamas
Ports and harbours in the Bahamas:
Ports and harbours in the Bahamas
Tourism in the Bahamas:
Tourism in the Bahamas
-
Visitor attractions in the Bahamas
-
Resorts in the Bahamas
-
Since 2012 Resorts World Bimini
Gambling in the Bahamas:
Gambling in the Bahamas
-
Casinos in the Bahamas
-
Since 1968 Atlantis Paradise Island
Banking in the Bahamas:
Banking in the Bahamas
-
Since 1974 Central Bank of The Bahamas
Bahamas Securities Exchange:
Bahamas Securities Exchange
Economic history of the Bahamas:
Economic history
of the Bahamas
Since September 2019 effects of Hurricane Dorian in The Bahamas:
August/September 2019 Effects of Hurricane Dorian in The Bahamas
September 2019 unemployment and poverty:
14 September 2019: As survivors of Hurricane Dorian enter week three of post-storm life, many in the northwestern Bahamas, known for its casinos, golf courses and mega yachts, worry they will be forced into deep poverty as they scramble to find work in the aftermath of the Category 5 storm that wreaked havoc on two islands
-
14 September 2019: The tourist destination of The Bahamas relies on a life support system of fishermen, hotel workers and laborers, who have been hardest hit by Hurricane Dorian
Labor and labor relations in the Bahamas:
Trade unions in the Bahamas
Customs Service and taxation in the Bahamas:
Bahamas Customs Service
Politics of The Bahamas:
Politics of The Bahamas
-
Political parties in the Bahamas
Elections and politics in the Bahamas:
Elections in
the Bahamas
2012 Bahamian general election:
Bahamian general election May 2012
2016 Bahamian constitutional referendum:
7 June 2016 Bahamian constitutional referendum, all four proposals of constitutional amendments were rejected
May 2017 Bahamian general election:
10 May 2017 Bahamian general election
September 2019 tragedy of hurricane Dorian:
4 September 2019: 'Historic tragedy' of hurricane Dorian prompts worldwide call for aid for Bahamas
-
14 September 2019: As survivors of Hurricane Dorian enter week three of post-storm life, many in the northwestern Bahamas, known for its casinos, golf courses and mega yachts, worry they will be forced into deep poverty as they scramble to find work in the aftermath of the Category 5 storm that wreaked havoc on two islands
Society, demographics, culture and human rights of The Bahamas:
Bahamian society
-
Human rights in the Bahamas
Islands, districts and local government of The Bahamas:
Lucayan Archipelago
, also known as the Bahama Archipelago, is an island group comprising the Commonwealth of the Bahamas and the British Overseas Territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands
-
List of
islands
of The Bahamas
-
Districts
and local government in The Bahamas
Andros Island:
Andros Island
, an archipelago within the Bahamas, the largest of the Bahamian Islands with an area greater than all the other 700 Bahamian islands combined
Cities in the Bahamas:
List of
cities in the Bahamas
Nassau city:
Nassau city
, the capital and commercial centre of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas with an estimated population of 274,400 inhabitants as of 2016, just over 70% of the population of the country
-
Demographics of Nassau
Timeline of Nassau:
History and timeline of Nassau since 1670
March 1776 Raid of Nassau:
March 1776 Raid of Nassau, a naval operation and amphibious assault by Colonial forces against the British port of Nassau during the American Revolutionary War, considered one of the first engagements of the newly established Continental Navy
Freeport city:
Freeport city
, district and free trade zone on the island of Grand Bahama of the northwest Bahamas, the second most populous city in the Bahamas
Economy of Grand Bahama:
Economy of Grand Bahama
Demographics and ethnic groups in the Bahamas:
Demographics
of the Bahamas
-
Ethnic groups in the Bahamas
Lucayan people:
The Lucayans, the original inhabitants of the Bahamas before the arrival of Europeans and a branch of the Taínos, but the Spanish started seizing Lucayans as slaves within a few years of Columbus's arrival and they had all been removed from the Bahamas by 1520
-
Lucayan Archipelago
Afro-Bahamian:
Afro-Bahamian - according to the 2010 census, 85% of the Bahamas' population is black
Culture and languages of The Bahamas:
Culture
of
the Bahamas
-
Taíno mythology
-
Languages of the Bahamas
-
Caribbean culture
Education in the Bahamas:
Education
in the Bahamas
-
Schools in the Bahamas
Health and healthcare in the Bahamas:
Health
in the Bahamas
-
Hospitals in Bahamas
Communications in the Bahamas:
Communications
in the Bahamas
Media in the Bahamas:
Media
in the Bahamas
Crime in the Bahamas:
Crime in the Bahamas
White-collar crime and corruption in the Bahamas:
January 2013 448 financially-related crimes in 2012:
9 January 2013: A total of 448 financially-related crimes were reported to police last year in the Bahamas island nation of about 300,000 people, which lies off the coast of Florida
-
6 May 2013: How corruption damages the Bahamian workplace
May 2019 the Bahamas among the most corrosive corporate tax havens:
29 May 2019: Bahamas is the number nine on a list of the 'top ten most corrosive corporate tax havens in the world', as outlined by the Corporate Tax Haven Index
Human trafficking in the Bahamas:
Human trafficking in the Bahamas
Law and law enforcement in the Bahamas:
Law of the
Bahamas
-
Law enforcement in the Bahamas
Judiciary of the Bahamas:
Judiciary of the Bahamas
Royal Bahamas Police Force since 1840
-
Drug Enforcement Unit
Foreign relations of The Bahamas:
Foreign relations of The Bahamas
Bahamas/Cuba relations:
Bahamas/
Cuba
relations
Bahamas/Haiti relations:
Bahamas/
Haiti
relations
February 2019:
3 février 2019: 28 Haïtiens ont été retrouvés noyés après le naufrage de leur embarcation au large des Bahamas
Bahamas/Spain relations:
'Guanahani' is the native Taíno name for the island, which Columbus called 'San Salvador' since arrival on 12 October 1492
-
Lucayans, the original inhabitants of the Bahamas before the arrival of Europeans 1492, were seized by the Spanish as slaves and they had all been removed from the Bahamas by 1520
Bahamas/United Kingdom relations:
Bahamas/
United Kingdom
relations
-
British West Indies
-
High Commission of The Bahamas in London
Bahamas/USA relations:
Bahamas/
USA
relations
2016:
9 July 2016: The government of the Bahamas has warned young men travelling to the USA on holiday to 'exercise extreme caution' when interacting with police, following the recent shootings of black men by police officers
Environment of the Bahamas:
Environment of the Bahamas
-
Natural history of the Bahamas
-
Geology of the Bahamas
Landforms of the Bahamas:
Landforms of the Bahamas
-
Islands of the Bahamas
Water in the Bahamas:
Water in the Bahamas
Environmental issues in the Bahamas:
Environmental issues in the Bahamas include coral reef decay, solid waste disposal, also biodiversity, climate change, desertification, endangered species, hazardous wastes, and ship pollution
Natural disasters in the Bahamas:
Natural disasters in the Bahamas
Hurricanes in the Bahamas:
Hurricanes in the Bahamas
August 1992 Effects of Hurricane Andrew in The Bahamas:
August 1992 Effects of Hurricane Andrew in The Bahamas
Hurricanes since 2004:
Hurricane Frances 2004
-
Hurricane Irene 2011
-
Hurricane Arthur 2014
-
September/October 2015 Hurricane Joaquin
2016:
September/October 2016 Hurricane Matthew
-
6 October 2016: Hurricane Matthew 'pounding' portions of the central Bahamas after it tore through the Caribbean, causing severe damage and leaving at least 27 people dead
2017:
September 2017 Hurricane Irma
August/September 2019 Hurricane Dorian:
August/September 2019 Hurricane Dorian
-
3 September 2019: Hurricane Dorian has stalled over the Bahamas, lashing the islands with wind, rain and storm surges, and killing at least five people
-
4 September 2019: Bahamas left in ruins, faces severe humanitarian crisis with the full scope of the disaster still unknown as hurricane heads to USA
August/September 2019 Effects of Hurricane Dorian in The Bahamas:
August/September 2019 Effects of Hurricane Dorian in The Bahamas
-
7 September 2019: Rescue teams are still struggling to reach some flood-hit Bahamian communities in the aftermath of Hurricane Dorian as top officials said the death toll had risen to 43, while it is feared hundreds, perhaps thousands, remain missing
September 2019 storm Humberto:
September 2019 Tropical Storm Humberto
-
13 September 2019: A new storm brought rain and wind to the hurricane ravaged Bahamas early Friday, as a tropical storm warning was in effect for Northwestern Bahamas, including the hurricane-hit Abacos and Grand Bahama
Belize
-
Geography of Belize
-
Pre-Columbian Belize
-
Maya civilization
-
Spanish conquest of Yucatán 16th century
-
History of Belize
-
Demographics of Belize
Economy of Belize:
Economy of Belize
- main industries are garment production, food processing, tourism, construction, oil
-
List of companies of Belize
-
Companies of Belize by industry
Agriculture in Belize:
Agriculture
in Belize
Banana production in Belize:
Banana production in Belize
Tourism in Belize:
Tourism in Belize
-
Visitor attractions in Belize
-
Maya sites in Belize
-
Maya ruins of Belize
-
List of protected areas of Belize
Taxation in Belize:
Tax policy in Belize
Politics of Belize:
Politics of Belize
-
Political parties in Belize
-
Trade unions in Belize
House of Representatives
Constituencies of Belize:
Constituencies of Belize
Elections and politics in Belize:
Elections in Belize
2005:
2005 Belize unrest
2008:
Belizean general election February 2008
2012:
Belizean general and local elections March 2012
November 2015 Belizean general election:
4 November 2015 Belizean general election
-
5 November: Prelimanary results of the 2015 Belizean general election
-
5 November 2015: Belize PM Barrow wins third consecutive term
April 2019 Belizean territorial dispute referendum:
10 April 2019 Belizean territorial dispute referendum to ask the Belizeans if they agree that Guatemala and their country request the International Court of Justice to finally resolve the Belizean–Guatemalan territorial dispute, as part of a commitment signed in December 2008 between the two countries
November 2020 Belizean general election:
11 November 2020 Belizean general election
12/16 November 2020 John Briceño sworn in as Belize’s PM, announcing cabinet:
12 November 2020: John Briceño sworn in as Belize’s PM after record victory
,
intending to swear in his cabinet on 16 November
Society, demographics, culture and human rights in Belize:
Belizean
society
-
Human rights in Belize
-
Belizean law
Belize City:
Belize City
, the largest city in Belize and once the capital of the former British Honduras, with a population of 57,169 people in 2010, located at the mouth of the Haulover Creek, which is a distributary of the Belize River
Belmopan city:
Belmopan
, the capital city of Belize with a population of 16,451 citizens in 2010, the smallest capital city in the continental Americas by population and the third-largest settlement in Belize, behind Belize City and San Ignacio
Demographics of Belize:
Demographics
of Belize
-
Belizean people
-
Hispanic Belizean
Indigenous peoples in Belize:
Indigenous peoples in Belize
-
Maya population in Belize
-
Mopan people
-
Q'eqchi' people
Afro-Belizean:
Afro-Belizean descendants of Black African slaves brought to Belize
Garifuna people:
Garifuna people
Culture and languages of Belize:
Culture
of Belize
-
Languages of Belize
Education in Belize:
Education
in Belize
Healthcare in Belize:
Healthcare
in Belize
Crime in Belize:
Crime
in Belize
Belizean law:
Belizean law
Law enforcement in Belize:
Law enforcement in Belize
Foreign relations of Belize:
Foreign relations of Belize
Treaties of Belize:
Treaties of Belize
Multilateral membership of Belize
Multilateral membership of Belize
Belize and the United Nations:
Belize and the
United Nations
September 1981 UN General Assembly membership resolution:
25 September 1981 UN General Assembly Resolution 36/3, admitting Belize to UN membership
Bilateral relations of Belize:
Bilateral relations of Belize
Belize/D.R. China relations:
Belize/
D.R. China
relations relations
November 2019 Beijing regime arrests Belizean citizen over meddling in Hong Kong affairs:
30 November 2019: Chinese Beijing regime arrests Belizean citizen over meddling in Hong Kong affairs
Belize/El Salvador relations:
Belize/
El Salvador
relations
-
6 April 2011: Salvador’s Foreign Minister signs agreement with Belize
-
16 September 2011: Belize and El Salvador added to US drug blacklist
Belize/Guatemala relations:
Belize/
Guatemala
relations
Since 1821 Belizean-Guatemalan territorial dispute:
Since 1821 Belizean-Guatemalan territorial dispute
2013-2015:
Belizean and Guatemalan International Court of Justice referral referendum 2013/2015
-
8 May 2015: Belize and Guatemala to amend ICJ compromis on the question of whether the territorial claim should be submitted for a final and binding decision at the ICJ
Since 2010 Belize–Guatemala Partial Scope Agreement:
Since 2010 Belize–Guatemala Partial Scope Agreement preferential trade agreement
Belize/Israel relations:
Belize/
Israel
relations
Belize/Spain relations:
Spanish
conquest of Yucatán 16th century
Belize/Taiwan relations:
Belize/
Taiwan
relations
November 2019 Beijing regime arrests Belizean citizen over meddling in Hong Kong affairs:
30 November 2019: Chinese Beijing regime arrests Belizean citizen over meddling in Hong Kong affairs
Belize/United Kingdom relations:
Belize/
United Kingdom
relations
-
Slavery in the British Empire
-
British Honduras - British colony 1862-1981
Belize/USA relations:
Belize/
USA
relations
-
Belizean American
Environment of Belize:
Environment of
Belize
-
Natural history of Belize
-
Geology of Belize
-
Climate and hurricanes in Belize
Ecoregions in Belize:
List of ecoregions in Belize
List of protected areas of Belize:
List of protected areas of Belize
Environmental issues in Belize:
Environmental issues in Belize include deforestation, water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and solid waste disposal
Natural disasters in Belize:
Natural disasters in Belize
Hurricanes in Belize:
Hurricanes in Belize
August 2016 Hurricane Earl:
August 2016 Hurricane Earl
September 2020 Hurricane Nana:
September 2020 Hurricane Nana affecting Belize, Honduras and eastern Guatemala
Bermuda
-
Geography of Bermuda
-
List of islands of Bermuda
History of Bermuda
-
British Overseas Territories
Economy of Bermuda:
Economy of Bermuda
-
List of companies of Bermuda
Bermuda's international finance role:
Bermuda's international finance role
-
List of offshore financial centres
Politics of Bermuda:
Politics of Bermuda
Political parties in Bermuda:
Political parties in Bermuda
Elections in Bermuda:
Elections in Bermuda
December 2012 Bermudian general election:
17 December 2012 Bermudian general election
July 2017 Bermudian general election:
18 July 2017 Bermudian general election
-
19 July 2017: Landslide as PLP regains power
,
receiving 20,059 votes, or nearly 59%
Society, demographics, culture and human rights in Bermuda:
Bermudian society
-
Law of Bermuda
Demographics and ethnic groups in Bermuda:
Demographics of Bermuda
-
Ethnic groups in Bermuda
Afro-Bermudians:
Afro-Bermudians, whose ancestry lies within the continent of Africa, most notably West Africa, currently the majority ethnic group in Bermuda, as they account for 53.8% of the country's population
Culture of Bermuda:
Culture of
Bermuda
Law of Bermuda:
The
law of Bermuda
is based on the common law legal system of England and Wales
Environment of Bermuda:
Geology
of Bermuda
-
Volcanoes of Bermuda
-
Climate of Bermuda
Islands and landforms of Bermuda:
Islands of Bermuda
-
Landforms of Bermuda
Water and bodies of water of Bermuda:
Water in Bermuda
-
Bodies of water of Bermuda
Natural disasters in Bermuda:
Natural disasters in Bermuda
Hurricanes in Bermuda:
Hurricanes in Bermuda
-
List of Bermuda hurricanes since 1543
October 2014 Hurricane Gonzalo:
October 2014 Hurricane Gonzalo
October 2016 Hurricane Nicole:
October 2016 Hurricane Nicole
September 2019 Hurricane Humberto:
September 2019 Hurricane Humberto
-
18 September 2019: People on Bermuda rushed to make final preparations as Hurricane Humberto gained strength and speed moving closer to Bermuda
Tornadoes in Bermuda:
Tornadoes in Bermuda
Bolivia
-
Geography of Bolivia
-
Geology of Bolivia
-
Pre-Columbian Bolivia was part of the culture of Andean South America with agriculture starting about 3000 B.C. and production of metal, especially copper, 1,500 years later
-
Conquest of Bolivia by Spain since 1524
-
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire 1524–1572
-
Viceroyalty of Peru 1542-1824
-
Real Audiencia of Charcas (Sucre) since 1559
-
Bolivian War of Independence 1809-1825
-
History of Bolivia (named Bolivia in honour of Simón Bolívar)
-
History of Bolivia 1809–1920
-
History of Bolivia 1982–present
-
Demographics of Bolivia
Economy of Bolivia:
Economy of Bolivia
- main industries are mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing, jewelry
-
Mining in Bolivia
-
Silver mines in Bolivia
-
Tin mines in Bolivia
Energy in Bolivia:
Energy in Bolivia
-
Natural gas in Bolivia
Agriculture in Bolivia:
Agriculture
in Bolivia - potatoes,corn, rice and grains, vegetables and fruits, coffee, cotton, coca, livestock, forestry and fishing
-
Coca in Bolivia
Coffee production in Bolivia:
Coffee production in Bolivia
Bolivia maize varieties:
Bolivia maize varieties
Crops originating from Bolivia:
Crops originating from Bolivia, including potatoes
,
Brazil nuts
,
Oxalis tuberosa
,
Tamarillo, also known as the tree tomato
,
Ulluco, one of the most widely grown and economically important root crops in the Andean region of South America, second only to the potato
7,000–10,000 years ago potatoes were domesticated in Peru and Bolivia:
Wild potato species, originating in modern day Peru and found throughout the Americas, was originally believed to have been domesticated by indigenous peoples of the Americas independently in multiple locations, but later genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species traced a single origin for potatoes in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia, as potatoes were domesticated approximately 7,000–10,000 years ago
April 2020 humans living in Amazon 10,000 years ago cultivated plants:
8 April 2020: The Amazon basin was a hotspot for the early cultivation of plants, with inhabitants having munched on squash and cassava more than 10,000 years ago, researchers have revealed, saying the new findings from Bolivia offer direct evidence such plants were grown in south-west Amazonia, meaning the region has a claim to join the Middle East, China, south-west Mexico and north-west South America as locations where wild plants were domesticated shortly after the last ice age
Land reform in Bolivia:
Land reform in Bolivia
Child labor in Bolivia:
Child labor in Bolivia, a 2014 report on the worst forms of child labor estimated that approximately 20.2% of children between the ages of 7 and 14, or 388,541 children make up the labor force in Bolivia, about 70.9% are employed in the agricultural sector and indigenous children are more likely to be engaged in labor than children who reside in urban areas
Irrigation in Bolivia:
Irrigation in Bolivia
Water in Bolivia:
Water
in Bolivia
-
Rivers
of Bolivia
-
Water supply and sanitation in Bolivia
Transport in Bolivia:
Transport
in Bolivia
Rail transport in Bolivia:
Rail transport in Bolivia
Road transport in Bolivia:
Road transport in Bolivia
2017:
15 August 2017: Bolivia has given the go ahead to a controversial highway which would cut through an Amazon biodiversity hotspot almost the size of Jamaica and home to 14,000 mostly indigenous people
Water transport in Bolivia:
Water transport in Bolivia
-
Ports and harbours of Bolivia
Tourism in Bolivia:
Tourism in Bolivia
-
Visitor attractions in Bolivia
-
World Heritage Sites in Bolivia
Economic history of Bolivia and economic cycles:
Economic history of Bolivia
Inequality in Bolivia:
Inequality in Bolivia
Armed Forces of Bolivia:
Armed Forces of Bolivia
-
Bolivian Army
Military history of Bolivia:
Military history of Bolivia
Taxation in Bolivia :
Taxation
in Bolivia
Politics of Bolivia:
Politics of Bolivia
-
February 2009 Constitution of Bolivia - previous constitutions were enacted in 1826, 1831, 1834, 1839, 1843, 1851, 1861, 1868, 1871, 1878, 1880, 1938, 1945, 1947, 1961 and 1967
Indigenous organisations in Bolivia:
Indigenous organisations in Bolivia
Political parties in Bolivia:
Political parties in Bolivia
-
Movement Toward Socialism
Trade unions in Bolivia:
Trade unions in Bolivia
Elections and politics in Bolivia:
Elections
in Bolivia
-
Political history of Bolivia
-
Referendums in Bolivia
2011:
26 September 2011: Bolivia to hold referendum on forest road in the Amazon basin lowlands
-
28 September: Fresh protests in Bolivia road row - Morales denies ordering the violence
-
21. Oktober 2011: Präsident Morales verzichtet auf Amazonas Straßenbauprojekt
2012:
26 June 2012: Striking Bolivian police officers fire tear gas on workers and farmers rallying in support of President Evo Morales in La Paz
January 2013 Bolivian special municipal election:
Bolivian special municipal election 13 January 2013
October 2014 Bolivian general election:
General election 12 October 2014
-
13 octobre: Selon les premiers sondages Evo Morales a remporté un troisième mandat avec 61% des voix contre 24%
-
19 October 2014: President Evo Morales wins re-election with 61% of the vote, electoral officials say confirming early result
-
30 October: Morales gets absolute majority in Bolivia legislature
2015:
27 September 2015: Bolivia's parliament passes law to let Evo Morales run for another term in 2019 if ratified in a referendum
February 2016 Bolivian constitutional referendum:
21 February 2016 Bolivian constitutional referendum
-
22 février 2016: Evo Morales respectera le résultat des urnes, après plusieurs sondages ont annoncé la victoire du 'non'
December 2017:
3 December 2017: Critics blast 'coup' to keep Morales in power, after Bolivia’s highest court has overruled the constitution, meaning Morales can now run for a fourth term in 2019
October 2019 anger over wildfires:
11 October 2019: Bolivia president feels election heat amid anger over wildfires
October 2019 Bolivian general election:
20 October 2019 Bolivian general election
-
Presidential candidates and opinion polls for the October 2019 Bolivian general election
-
21 October 2019: Bolivia’s president Evo Morales was ahead with 45.3%, compared to 38.2% for Carlos Mesa, in the first round of the nation’s presidential election, but he appeared to have failed to get enough votes to avoid a runoff in the tightest political race of his life
25 October 2019:
25 octobre 2019: L'UE, les Etats-Unis et des pays latino-américains ont haussé le ton contre le président bolivien Evo Morales, réélu au premier tour au terme d'un dépouillement contesté, en réclamant un second tour ou en le menaçant de ne pas le reconnaître
9 November 2019 police joined anti-government protests:
9 November 2019: Police in at least three Bolivian cities have declared mutinies and joined anti-government protests, a possible indication that parts of the security forces may be withdrawing their backing for president Evo Morales after weeks of unrest over disputed election results
10 November 2019 Morales agreed to hold new presidential elections:
10 November 2019: Bolivia's Evo Morales agreed on Sunday to hold new presidential elections
after a damning report from the OAS found serious irregularities in the October elections, saying the vote should be annulled after 'clear manipulations' of the voting system meant it could not verify the result, demanding 'to get to the bottom of and assign responsibility in this serious case'
11 November 2019 Evo Morales resigns as president of Bolivia:
11 November 2019: Evo Morales has announced he will resign as president of Bolivia after the military called for him to step down and the police withdrew their support following weeks of unrest over disputed election results
13 November 2019 Jeanine Añez claims presidency:
13 November 2019: Jeanine Añez claims presidency after ousting of Evo Morales, as ex-president’s party refuses to recognise senator’s claim, and as ex-president says a member of the army had showed him messages putting a $50,000 price on his head
14 November 2019:
14 November 2019: Bolivia's interim president's indigenous-free cabinet heightens polarization, as disrespect of indigenous symbols has also whipped up outrage among Morales supporters in Bolivia and across Latin America
16 November 2019 armed forces killed protesters:
16 November 2019: Bolivian armed forces clashed with supporters of former president Morales in Sacaba on Friday, leaving at least five people dead, dozens more injured and escalating the challenge to the country’s interim government to restore stability, as the director of Mexico Hospital in the central town of Sacaba said most of the dead and injured had bullet wounds, and witnesses said police opened fire on protesters calling for the return of Morales from exile
17 November 2019 more killed protesters:
17 novembre 2019: Quatre personnes ont été tuées samedi dans des manifestations en Bolivie, portant à au moins 23 morts le bilan depuis fin octobre et le début de la crise qui secoue le pays, a annoncé la CIDH
19 November 2019 government's violence:
19 November 2019: At least 3 people have been killed and 22 injured after Bolivian police and military forces used armored vehicles and helicopters to unblock access to a major fuel plant that had been blockaded by supporters of former president Evo Morales
March 2020 researchers say 'no evidence of fraud’ in Morales poll victory:
1 March 2020: 'No evidence of fraud’ in Morales poll victory, say USA researchers, entering row over legitimacy of ex-Bolivian president, who quit after violent protests
Social movements and protests in Bolivia:
Protests in Bolivia
2005 Bolivian gas conflict:
Bolivian gas conflict since 2005
-
2008 unrest in Bolivia
-
31 August 2011: Bolivia officers convicted over 2003 massacre
2011/2012 Bolivian protests:
2011/2012 Bolivian protests
2015:
18 July 2015: Access to Potosi blocked by thousands of protesters as part of an 11-day mining strike in a dispute with the government, demanding increased investment in public infrastructure
2019 Bolivian protests:
Since 21 October 2019 Bolivian protests
16 November 2019 armed forces killed protesters:
16 November 2019: Bolivian armed forces clashed with supporters of Morales in the central town of Sacaba Friday, leaving at least five people dead, dozens more injured and escalating the challenge to the interim government to restore stability, as the director of Mexico Hospital in Sacaba said most of the dead and injured had bullet wounds, and witnesses said police opened fire on protesters calling for the return of Morales from exile
17 November 2019 more killed protesters:
17 novembre 2019: Quatre personnes ont été tuées samedi dans des manifestations en Bolivie, portant à au moins 23 morts le bilan depuis fin octobre et le début de la crise qui secoue le pays, a annoncé la CIDH
9 August 2020 Bolivia protesters bring country to standstill over election delays:
9 August 2020: Bolivians protest over election delays, as more than 100 roadblocks and marches nationwide, convened on Monday by Bolivia’s main workers’ union and indigenous and campesino movements allied to Morales’s Movement Towards Socialism, have brought the country to a standstill
October 2020 Bolivian general election:
18 October 2020 Bolivian general election
-
Opinion polls for 2020 Bolivian general election
19 October 2020 exit polls suggest thumping win for Evo Morales' party:
19 October 2020: Exit polls suggest that Evo Morales party has pulled off a stunning political comeback in Bolivia’s presidential election, although an official result has yet to emerge
22/23 October 2020 OAS testifying the validity of Bolivian general election:
22 octobre 2020: L’Organisation des États américains estime que l’élection qui a abouti à la victoire de Luis Arce, le dauphin de l’ex-président Evo Morales, est légitime
-
23 October 2020: Authorities confirmed Mas’ candidate, Luis Arce, won the presidential election, overcoming the 'worst’ moment of their 25-year history
Society, demographics, culture and human rights in Bolivia:
Bolivian society
-
Human rights in Bolivia
9 departments, 12 provinces and 337 municipalities of Bolivia:
9 departments of Bolivia
, as departments are the primary subdivisions of Bolivia, and possess certain rights under the Constitution. Each department is represented in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly - a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Each department is represented by four Senators, while Deputies are awarded to each department in proportion to their total population. Out of the nine departments, La Paz was originally the most populous, with 2,706,351 inhabitants as of 2012 but the far eastern department of Santa Cruz has since surpassed it by 2020. Santa Cruz also claims the title as the largest, encompassing 370,621 square kilometres. Pando is the least populated, with a population of 110,436 inhabitants. The smallest in area is Tarija, encompassing 37,623 square kilometres.
-
1
12 provinces of Bolivia
, as each department is divided into provinces. The country's provinces are further divided into
337 municipalities
which are administered by an alcalde and municipal council
Santa Cruz department:
Santa Cruz department
, the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia, occupying about one-third of the country's territory. With an area of 370,621 km2 it is slightly smaller than Japan or the USA state of Montana. It is located in the eastern part of the country, sharing borders in the north and east with Brazil and with Paraguay in the south. In the 2012 census, it reported a population of 3,412,921 inhabitants, making it the most populated department. The capital is the
city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
. The department is one of the wealthiest departments in Bolivia, with huge reserves of natural gas
Geography and rivers of Santa Cruz Department:
Geography and rivers of Santa Cruz Department, covering a wide and diverse area. In the west lies a series of temperate Sub-Andean ranges and valleys while to the north and south lies two different lowlands areas; the Beni and Chaco lowlands respectively. To the northeast lies the flat Llanos Chiquitanos areas and beyond these the Serranías Chiquitanas ranges. In the far east the departments have small parts of the huge Pantanal wetland. The rivers of Santa Cruz are part of any of two basins: the Amazon Basin (north) and the Plate Basin (south). The main rivers in the norther basin are river Iténez (making the border with Brazil), Río Grande, river Piraí and river Itonomas. In the southern basin, the main rivers are river Paraguay and its tributaries, including river Negro. The main lakes are lake Mandioré, Uberaba, lake La Gaiba, Laguna de Marfil, Concepción and lake San Jorge.
15 provinces of the department of Santa Cruz:
15 provinces of the department of Santa Cruz
Economy of the department of Santa Cruz:
Economy of the department of Santa Cruz
2 June 2022 digital mapping reveals network of settlements thrived in pre-Columbian Amazon:
2 June 2022: Digital mapping reveals network of settlements thrived in pre-Columbian Amazon, as ruins of monuments, villages, causeways and canals hidden in the dense rainforest are evidence of ‘Amazonian urbanism’
Demographics and ethnic groups in Bolivia:
Demographics
of Bolivia
-
Bolivian population includes Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans, Asians and Africans
-
Ethnic groups in Bolivia
Indigenous peoples, 62% of Bolivia's population:
Indigenous peoples in Bolivia consitute approximately 62% of Bolivia's population of 10,461,053 in 2013 and belong to 36 recognized ethnic groups
April 2020 humans living in Amazon 10,000 years ago cultivated plants:
8 April 2020: The Amazon basin was a hotspot for the early cultivation of plants, with inhabitants having munched on squash and cassava more than 10,000 years ago, researchers have revealed, saying the new findings from Bolivia offer direct evidence such plants were grown in south-west Amazonia, meaning the region has a claim to join the Middle East, China, south-west Mexico and north-west South America as locations where wild plants were domesticated shortly after the last ice age
2 June 2022 digital mapping reveals network of settlements thrived in pre-Columbian Amazon:
2 June 2022: Digital mapping reveals network of settlements thrived in pre-Columbian Amazon, as ruins of monuments, villages, causeways and canals hidden in the dense rainforest are evidence of ‘Amazonian urbanism’
Quechuas people:
Quechuas
is the collective term for several indigenous ethnic groups who speak a Quechua language, especially in
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
-
Kallawaya
-
Qulla people
Aymara people:
Aymara people
are an indigenous nation in the Andes and Altiplano regions with about 2 million living in Bolivia, Chile and Peru
Guaraní people:
Guaraní people in Bolivia
-
Wichí people
-
Toba people
Moxo, Chané, Chiquitano and Ayoreo people:
Moxo
people
-
Chané
people
-
Chiquitano
people
-
Ayoreo people
Mestizo Bolivians:
Mestizo Bolivians
of indigenous and european ancestry
Afro-Bolivians:
Afro-Bolivians
are Bolivians of African ancestry
-
History of slavery in Bolivia since the discovery of silver mines in 1544
History of the Jews in Bolivia:
History of the Jews in Bolivia
Culture and languages of Bolivia:
Culture of Bolivia
-
Languages of Bolivia, including Spanish, several dozen indigenous languages, most prominently Aymara (1,525,321 people), Quechua (2,281,198 people), Chiquitano and Tupi Guaraní
Women in Bolivia:
Women in Bolivia
-
Domestic violence in Bolivia
Childhood in Bolivia:
Childhood in Bolivia
-
Child labor in Bolivia
Education in Bolivia:
Education
in Bolivia
-
Education in Bolivia by department
Schools in Bolivia:
Schools in Bolivia
Universities in Bolivia:
Universities in Bolivia
Health in Bolivia:
Health
in Bolivia
Medical outbreaks and health disasters in Bolivia:
Medical outbreaks in Bolivia
-
Health disasters in Bolivia
2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic:
2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic
Since March 2020 covid-19 pandemic in Bolivia:
Since March 2020 covid-19 pandemic in Bolivia
-
Timeline of covid-19 cases in Bolivia
-
Regional distribution of covid-19 cases in Bolivia
7 April 2020 210 covid-19 cases and 15 deaths in Bolivia:
7 de abril de 2020: Con 16 nuevos casos, Bolivia alcanza los 210 contagiados con coronavirus, y el número de decesos es de 15
22 July hundreds of covid-19 corpses on Bolivia's streets:
22 juillet 2020: La police a retiré plus de 400 cadavres des rues et des maisons dans toute la Bolivie au cours des cinq derniers jours, 85% de personnes étaient des victimes du covid-19, a indiqué FELCC
2 August 2020 Bolivians driven from pillar to post as covid-19 overwhelms hospitals:
2 August 2020: Bolivians driven from pontius to pilatus as covid-19 overwhelms hospitals, as Grover Ponce died after being shuttled between six different health facilities while his family forced to watch in rising desperation, and as health workers help a covid-19 patient, found in the yard, get on a wheelchair, in the Clinics hospital in La Paz
Health and healthcare issues in Bolivia:
Health and healthcare issues in Bolivia include food, waterborne and vectorborne diseases, obesity, cocaine and drug-consuming, malnutrition, lead poisoning, maternal and child health care
Healthcare in Bolivia:
Bolivia's
health care
system is in the midst of reform, funded in part by international organizations such as the World Bank
-
Medical and health organisations based in Bolivia
Media of Bolivia:
Media
of Bolivia
-
Media in Bolivia by city
Newspapers in Bolivia:
Newspapers in Bolivia
Radio y televisión en Bolivia:
Radio y televisión en Bolivia
-
Television in Bolivia
Internet en Bolivia:
Internet en Bolivia
Crime in Bolivia:
Crime in Bolivia
Violence in Bolivia:
Masacres en Bolivia:
Masacres en Bolivia
August 2016 dispute over industry reform and violence:
26 August 2016: Police clashed with miners near a blocked road in Panduro as a dispute over industry reform escalated into violence, leaving two workers dead and now government minister Illanes reportedly beaten to death by miners
Domestic violence in Bolivia:
Domestic violence in Bolivia
Corruption in Bolivia:
Corruption in Bolivia
Illegal drug trade in Bolivia:
Illegal drug trade in Bolivia
-
Narcotics in Bolivia
-
Since 1980s Santa Cruz Cartel, a Bolivian drug cartel and criminal organization, said to be one of the largest in the country
Narcotics in Bolivia and drug-related corruption:
Narcotics in Bolivia, a subject that primarily involves the coca crop, used in the production of the drug cocaine, trafficking and corruption have been two of the most prominent negative side-effects of the illicit narcotics trade in Bolivia
-
Andean Information Network, a Bolivian non-profit and non-governmental organization since 1992 to raise awareness on the drug war and human rights, particularly in the coca-growing areas of Bolivia
Human rights abuses of UMOPAR:
Human rights abuses of UMOPAR
Human trafficking in Bolivia:
Human trafficking in Bolivia
Law in Bolivia, legal and constitutional history:
Bolivian law
-
Constitutions and constituent assemblies of Bolivia since 1938
-
Constitutional history of Bolivia
-
Human rights in Bolivia
Judiciary of Bolivia:
Judiciary of
Bolivia
Law enforcement in Bolivia:
Law enforcement in Bolivia
National Police Corps of Bolivia:
National Police Corps of Bolivia (Cuerpo de Policía Nacional)
Since 1987 UMOPAR:
Unidad Móvil Policial para Áreas Rurales UMOPAR, a subsidiary of the Special Antinarcotics Force of the Bolivian National Police since 1987, founded by and funded, advised, equipped, and trained by the USA government as part of its 'War on Drugs'
-
Human rights abuses of UMOPAR
Foreign relations of Bolivia:
Foreign relations of Bolivia
Treaties of Bolivia:
Treaties of Bolivia
Bolivia/United Nations relations:
Bolivia/
United Nations
relations
-
MONUSCO peacekeeping contingent
Foreign aid to Bolivia:
Foreign aid to Bolivia
Since 1948 Organization of American States:
Since 1948
Organization of American States
Since 1969 Andean Community:
Since 1969
Andean Community
, comprising the South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
Immigration to Bolivia:
Immigration to Bolivia
Bilateral relations of Bolivia:
Bilateral relations of Bolivia
Bolivia/Argentina relations:
Bolivia/
Argentina
relations
Bolivia/Austria relations:
Bolivia/
Austria
relations
Bolivia/Brazil relations:
Bolivia/
Brazil
relations
Bolivia/Chile relations:
Bolivia/
Chile
relations
Bolivia/Colombia relations:
Bolivia/
Colombia
relations
Bolivia/Europe relations:
Dispute with
Europe
over Immigration
Bolivia/France relations:
Bolivia/
France
relations
-
3 July 2013: Snowden drama ensnares an angry Bolivia after France and Portugal were reportedly acting under US pressure to rescind permission for President Evo Morales' plane to traverse their airspace
Bolivia/Iran relations:
Bolivia/
Iran
relations
Bolivia/Mexico relations:
Bolivia/
Mexico
relations
Bolivian/Mexican trade relations:
Bolivian/Mexican trade relations
12 November 2019 Morales flies to Mexico after offer of asylum:
12 November 2019: After tweeting a farewell following his resignation in the wake of the disputed presidential election, saying that he would be take up the offer of asylum in Mexico but would soon 'return with greater strength and energy', former president Evo Morales flies to Mexico saying it hurts to leave 'for political reasons’
Bolivia/Peru relations:
Bolivia/
Peru
relations
Bolivia/Paraguay relations:
Bolivia/
Paraguay
relations
1932-1935 Chaco War:
1932-1935 Chaco War fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region, which was thought to be rich in oil, the origin of the war is commonly attributed a conflict between the oil companies Royal Dutch Shell backing Paraguay and Standard Oil supporting Bolivia
August 2019 Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay wildfires:
23 août 2019: La Bolivie et le Paraguay sont, outre le Brésil, aussi confrontés à d'importants feux de forêt, et ils se sont engagés à combattre ensemble les flammes qui ont déjà causé à la flore et la faune des dommages «irréversibles», selon des défenseurs de l'environnement
Bolivia/Portugal relations:
Bolivia/
Portugal
relations
-
3 July 2013: Snowden drama ensnares an angry Bolivia after France and Portugal were reportedly acting under US pressure to rescind permission for President Evo Morales' plane to traverse their airspace
Bolivia/Spain relations:
Bolivia/
Spain
relations
-
Conquest of Bolivia by Spain since 1524
-
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire 1524–1572
-
Viceroyalty of Peru 1542-1824
-
Real Audiencia of Charcas since 1559
-
Bolivian War of Independence 1809-1825
2012-2013:
2 May 2012: Spain's economy minister has expressed disappointment with Bolivia's nationalisation of a Spanish-owned electric power company
-
30 December 2012: Bolivia has nationalised two electricity distribution companies owned by Spanish utility Iberdrola
-
16 July 2013: Spain apologizes to Bolivia for its part in the events that led Bolivian President Evo Morales' plane to be delayed in July during USA led search for Edward Snowden
Bolivia/Ukraine relations:
Bolivia/
Ukraine
relations
Bolivia/USA relations:
Bolivia/
USA
relations
-
CIA activities in Bolivia
-
'Operation Condor' was a campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents since 1975
Relations between the United States and Bolivia under Evo Morales
-
3 July 2013: Snowden drama ensnares an angry Bolivia after France and Portugal were reportedly acting under US pressure to rescind permission for President Evo Morales' plane to traverse their airspace
-
4 de julio de 2013: En La Paz, el presidente Morales advierte que los pueblos no cederán a la amenaza porque son dignos y soberanos
-
5 July 2013: South America's leaders rallied to support Morales over the rerouting of his presidential plane, saying they are not colonies any more and claiming respect
-
6 July 2013: Bolivia's president Morales offers asylum to USA leaker Edward Snowden
Bolivia/Holy See-Vatican relations:
Bolivia/Holy See-
Vatican
relations
2015:
10 July 2015: Visiting Latin America Pope Francis apologises in Bolivia for the sins and crimes of the Catholic Church against
the indigenous peoples during the colonial conquest of the Americas, also saying that a 'new colonialism' is now threatening them, represented in "corporations, loan agencies, certain 'free trade' treaties, and the imposition of measures of 'austerity'"
Environment of Bolivia:
Environment
of Bolivia
Ecoregions of Bolivia:
Ecoregions of Bolivia
-
Tropical Andes
-
Bolivian Yungas, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Yungas of central Bolivia and eastern Peru
-
Protected areas of Bolivia
Native Community Lands in Bolivia:
Native Community Lands in Bolivia
-
List of Native Community Lands in Bolivia
-
Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous Territory, a protected area and Native Community Land in Bolivia situated between the north of the Cochabamba Department and the south of the Beni Department and a protects part of the Bolivian Yungas ecoregion
Forests of Bolivia:
Forests of Bolivia
-
Southwest Amazon moist forests is an ecoregion located in the Upper Amazon basin
2017:
15 August 2017: Bolivia has given the go ahead to a controversial highway which would cut through an Amazon biodiversity hotspot almost the size of Jamaica and home to 14,000 mostly indigenous people, the Isiboro Sécure Indigenous Territory and National Park, known as Tipnis
Water in Bolivia:
Water
in Bolivia
-
Rivers
of Bolivia
-
Water supply and sanitation in Bolivia
Natural disasters in Bolivia:
Natural disasters in Bolivia
Earthquakes in Bolivia:
Earthquakes in Bolivia
Floods and mudslides in Bolivia:
Extreme Niederschläge in Bolivien im Januar 2014
-
4 February 2014: Dozens of people have been killed and tens of thousands of families affected by torrential rains in Bolivia
-
10 February: Heavy rains caused a mudslide that buried a small settlement in the Quechua community of Chuypakasa, killing at least four people
Wildfires in Bolivia:
August 2010 Bolivia forest fires:
August 2010 Bolivia forest fires
January-October 2019 Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay wildfires:
2019 Brazil wildfires, revealed by the National Institute for Space Research INPE, releasing the information that at least 75,336 wildfires occurred in the country from January to 25 August 2019, as neighboring countries of Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay have also reported wildfire activity
-
23 août 2019: La Bolivie et le Paraguay sont, outre le Brésil, aussi confrontés à d'importants feux de forêt, et ils se sont engagés à combattre ensemble les flammes qui ont déjà causé à la flore et la faune des dommages «irréversibles», selon des défenseurs de l'environnement
-
25 août 2019: Les incendies se multiplient en Amazonie
-
27 August 2019: As fires continue to rage in Brazil, nearly a million hectares of farmland and unique dry forest have been destroyed by weeks of blazes across the border in Bolivia, where the flames have now reached the country’s Amazon region
September 2019 firefighters lose hope of taming blazes:
22 September 2019: Bolivian volunteer firefighters, exhausted from battling blazes sweeping rapidly across the country's lowlands, are starting to lose hope and retreat from the front lines of some infernos in the drought-stricken region, as burned area doubles
8 October 2019 rains help put out forest fires:
8 October 2019: Heavy rains over recent days in the Bolivian Amazon have helped put out forest fires that have raged for two months across the land-locked nation, charring more than 4m hectares of land, home to indigenous communities that have lived in them for centuries
October 2020 Bolivia forest fires:
3 octobre 2020: Les provinces boliviennes de Santa Cruz (est) et Chuquisaca (sud-est) se sont déclarées en 'état de catastrophe' devant l’avancée des incendies forestiers qui menacent des aires protégées, et ont demandé une aide d’urgence du gouvernement central
Brazil
-
Geography of Brazil
-
Indigenous peoples in Brazil
-
Colony of Portugal 1500–1815
-
History of Brazil
-
Slavery in Brazil
-
Economic history of Brazil
-
Casa grande (sugar plantation)
-
Demographics of Brazil
Economy of Brazil:
Economy of Brazil
- main industries are textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment
-
Economic history of Brazil
-
Companies of Brazil by industry
-
Copersucar
Industry in Brazil:
Industry in Brazil, accounting for 21% of total labor force and 29.7% of total GDP - main industries are automobile industry, petrochemicals, machinery, electronics, cement and construction, aircraft, textiles, food and beverages
Mines in Brazil:
Mines in Brazil
Mining companies of Brazil:
Mining companies of Brazil
-
Vale S.A. Brazilian multinational diversified metals and mining corporation, one of the largest logistics operators in Brazil and the third-largest mining company in the world (iron ore, pellets, nickel)
November 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster:
5 November 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster
-
6 November 2016: BHP Billiton-Vale's Germano iron-ore mine's dam near Mariana burst, devastating a nearby town with mudslides and leaving officials in the remote region scrambling to assess casualties
-
16 November: Teams of biologists are rushing to rescue fish and other aquatic life from contaminated river after two dams at BHP's iron ore mine collapsed, and as experts warn that the ecological harm could last a generation
-
28 November: Brazil’s government announces it will sue mining giants BHP Billiton and Vale for $US5.2bn after the deadly collapse of a dam at an iron ore mine sent 60 million cubic meters of mud and mine waste now cascading into the Atlantic ocean
October 2016:
20 October 2016: Employees of BHP Billiton face criminal charges over the Samarco dam collapse a year ago that left 19 people dead and hundreds homeless, amid accusations that the company put profit before safety, as Brazilian prosecutors charge 26 people, 21 for qualified homicide, for their alleged roles in the disaster
November 2017:
4 novembre 2017: 2 ans après la tragédie minière, rien n'a changé
March 2018:
1 March 2018: Six months before the dam containing millions of litres of mining waste collapsed, killing 19 people in Brazil’s worst environmental disaster, the joint venture between the Brazilian Vale and the Anglo-Australian BHP Billiton operating the mine accurately predicted the potential impact of such a disaster in a worst-case risk assessment, but failed to take actions that they say could have prevented the disaster, as prosecutors say the company focused on cutting costs and increasing production
November 2018:
6 November 2018: Anglo-Australian BHP Billiton is being sued for about £5bn by Brazilian victims of the Samarco dam collapse in Mariana three years ago, as a class action case was filed in the Liverpool high court by the UK-based SPG Law on behalf of 240,000 individuals, 24 municipal governments, 11,000 businesses, a Catholic archdiocese and the Krenak indigenous community
January 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster:
25 January 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster, when a tailings dam in Brumadinho, owned by Vale, the same company which was involved in the 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster, suffered a catastrophic failure
-
25 janvier 2019: La rupture d'un barrage du géant minier Vale a fait 'plusieurs morts' et environ 200 disparus à Brumadinho située à 60 km au sud-ouest de Belo Horizonte dans l'Etat de Minais Gerais, région où un drame similaire avait provoqué en 2015 la pire tragédie environnementale du pays
-
25 January 2019: As many as 200 people are missing after three dams operated by the mining giant Vale collapsed in Minas Gerais state, releasing a wave of red mining waste and prompting fears of widespread contamination
-
29 January 2019: 3 employees of the Brazilian mining company Vale SA and 2 other engineers working on behalf of the company have been arrested, Minas Gerais and São Paulo state prosecutors say
July 2019:
10 juillet 2019: Le géant minier Vale devra prendre en charge les dommages du désastre de Brumadinho, a décidé la justice brésilienne
-
16 July 2019: Brazilian mining giant Vale has agreed to pay out $107m in collective moral damages and $186,000 to each of the close relatives of nearly 300 people killed when a tailings dam collapsed in January at its iron ore mine in Brumadinho
February 2020 Brazilian mining giant Vale faces trial:
15 février 2020: Le groupe minier Vale, l'entreprise de certification allemande TUV SUD et 16 responsables des deux entreprises ont été renvoyés vendredi devant la justice brésilienne pour la rupture du barrage de Brumadinho, il y a un an
4 February 2021 Brazil mining giant agrees to pay $7bn for collapse:
4 February 2021: Brazil mining giant agrees to pay $7bn for collapse that killed 272 people, as Brumadinho disaster in January 2019 is considered one of worst environmental tragedies in Brazilian history
Energy and energy policy of Brazil:
Energy in Brazil
-
Energy policy of Brazil
Electricity sector in Brazil:
Electricity sector in Brazil
Renewable energy in Brazil:
Renewable energy in Brazil
-
Hydroelectric power stations in Brazil
-
Itaipu Dam
Coal mining in Brazil:
Coal mining in Brazil
Nuclear power in Brazil:
Nuclear power in Brazil
Petroleum in Brazil:
Petroleum in Brazil
-
Oil fields of Brazil
-
Oil and gas companies of Brazil
Petrobras:
Petrobras semi-public Brazilian multinational energy corporation headquartered in Rio de Janeiro
Since 2014 Operação Lava Jato:
'Operação Lava Jato' federal investigation since March 2014 of money laundering investigation and corruption at the state-controlled oil company Petrobras, where it is alleged that executives accepted bribes in return for awarding contracts to construction firms at inflated prices
2015:
11 February 2015: An explosion ripped through a Petrobras rig off Brazil, killing three people, injuring 10 and leaving six others missing
Ethanol fuel in Brazil:
Ethanol fuel in Brazil
-
History of ethanol fuel in Brazil
Transport in Brazil:
Transport in Brazil
-
Rail transport in Brazil
-
Water transport in Brazil
-
Brazilian Highway System
Infrastructure in Brazil:
Infrastructure in Brazil
-
Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento since 2007
Agriculture in Brazil:
Agriculture in Brazil
, accounting for 21% of total labor force and for 29.7% of total GDP - main products are coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus, beef
-
Economic history of Brazil
June 2019 hundreds of new pesticides in Brazil:
12 June 2019: Hundreds of new pesticides approved in Brazil under Bolsonaro, as many of those permitted are banned in Europe
30 October 2023 Indigenous activist asks USA agri giant Cargill-MacMillan dynasty to stop destroying Amazon rainforest:
30 October 2023: Deforestation has a far greater impact on regional temperatures than previously believed, according to a new study of the Brazilian Amazon that shows agricultural businesses would be among the biggest beneficiaries of forest conservation.
-
12 October 2023: 21-year-old Indigenous activist Beka Saw Munduruku from the Munduruku community will hand deliver a letter to the Cargill-MacMillan dynasty in Minneapolis on Thursday, calling on the billionaire owners of the USA’s biggest private company to stop destroying the Amazon rainforest and its people.
Agriculture companies of Brazil:
Agriculture companies of Brazil
-
Copersucar
Coffee production in Brazil:
Coffee production in Brazil
Soybean production in Brazil:
Soybean production
Cattle and beef production, meat companies of Brazil:
Brazilian beef production
-
Meat companies of Brazil
December 2019 World Bank should reconsider support for Brazilian beef producer linked to deforestation:
10 December 2019: The World Bank should reconsider its investment in one of Brazil’s biggest beef producers because of the industry’s links to deforestation and the climate crisis, according to UN-appointed experts
15 July 2020 Brazilian meat plants helped spread covid-19 in the country:
15 July 2020: Brazilian meat plants helped spread covid-19 in at least three different places across the country as the virus continues to migrate from big cities to the country’s vast interior, according to experts, and as at the beginning of this week the country was second only to the USA with 1.88 million confirmed covid-19 cases and 72,833 deaths
27 July 2020 new evidence links Brazil meat giant JBS to Amazon deforestation:
27 July 2020: New evidence appears to connect JBS, the world’s biggest meat company, to cattle supplied from a farm in the Brazilian Amazon which is under sanction for illegal deforestation, as photographs by employee appear to show company trucks being used to transport cattle from allegedly prohibited cattle farm
10 June 2021 JBS meat processor paid an $11m ransom after a cyber attack:
10 June 2021: JBS, the world’s biggest meat processor, has paid an $11m ransom after a cyber attack shut down operations, including abattoirs in the USA, Australia and Canada, as - while most of its operations have been restored - the Brazilian-headquartered company said it hoped the payment would head off any further complications including data theft, and as JBS supplies more than a fifth of all beef in the USA
7 July 2022: Brazil’s meat plants could be putting pregnant workers at risk, say health experts:
7 July 2022: Brazil’s meat plants could be putting pregnant workers at risk, say health experts, as rates of maternal disorders appear higher than in any other employment sector, with thousands of women suffering as meat exports hit record highs
Irrigation in Brazil:
Irrigation in Brazil
Forestry and deforestation in Brazil:
Forestry in Brazil
-
Forests of Brazil
-
Amazon rainforest
-
Deforestation in Brazil
-
Deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest
Water in Brazil:
Water in Brazil
-
Bodies of water of Brazil
-
Rivers of Brazil
Amazon River:
Amazon River
-
Tributaries of the Amazon River
2016:
15 June 2016: Construction of 40 major dams in the Brazilian Amazon would destroy the heart of the world’s largest rainforest, severely affect indigenous people and is not economically justifiable, says Greenpeace in a major new report
Water supply and sanitation in Brazil:
Water supply and sanitation in Brazil
-
15 February 2014: More than 100 cities are rationing water amid the worst drought to hit the country in decades
Water management in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo:
Water management in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo
Tourism in Brazil:
Tourism in Brazil
-
Visitor attractions in Brazil
-
National parks of Brazil
-
Sugarloaf Mount
-
World Heritage Sites
in Brazil
Banking and banks in Brazil:
Banking in Brazil
-
Banks of Brazil
29 September 2023 Banco do Brasil’s past slavery ties to be investigated in unprecedented inquiry:
29 September 2023: Brazilian prosecutors have launched a civil investigation into one of the country’s largest banks’ historical links to slavery, in an unprecedented move to hold Brazilian institutions to account for their role in the enslavement of millions of Africans. Banco do Brasil was notified this week of the public inquiry seeking reparations for the bank’s connections with the transatlantic trafficking of Black people
Financial services and financial services companies of Brazil:
Financial services companies of Brazil
Stock exchange in Brazil:
BM&F Bovespa stock exchange located at São Paulo
-
Rio de Janeiro Stock Exchange, Brazil's second largest exchange after the Bovespa stock exchange in São Paulo
Economic history, economic cycles, income inequality and unemployment in Brazil:
Economic history
of Brazil since 1981
-
Economic crises in Brazil
1980-1994 hyperinflation in Brazil and economic crisis:
1980-1994 hyperinflation in Brazil was a fourteen-year period of three-to-four-digit annual inflation rates, coinciding with the period of economic crisis and political turmoil triggered by the 1970s energy crisis during the Brazilian military dictatorship until the conclusion of the main processes of the democratic transition in the country in the late-1980s/early 1990s
2007-2010 recession in South America and Brazil:
2007-2010 recession in South America
March 2012 Brazil has become the sixth-biggest economy in the world:
6 March 2012: Brazil has become the sixth-biggest economy in the world
2014-2016 Brazilian economic crisis:
Since 2014 Brazilian economic crisis, in 2015 Brazil's Gross Domestic Product GDP fell by 3.5%, and fell by 3.3% in 2016
Since February 2020 economic impact of the ongoing covid-19 pandemic in Brazil:
Since February 2020 economic impact of the ongoing covid-19 pandemic in Brazil
-
Socio-economic impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in Brazil
Unemployment in Brazil:
Unemployment
in Brazil
2017 unemployment and social instability:
19 July 2017: 'People are getting poorer', facing hunger and homelessness, as Brazil crisis deepens and unemployment and social instability threaten unwelcome return to the past in recession-hit country once seen as a model for developing economies
Income inequality in Brazil:
Income inequality
in Brazil
Poverty in Brazil:
Poverty in Brazil
-
Social apartheid in Brazil
Military of Brazil:
Military of Brazil
- Brazil's armed forces are the third largest in the Americas, after the USA and Colombia, and the second in Latin America by the level of military equipment
Since 1930 Military coups in Brazil:
Since 1930 Military coups in Brazil
1964-1985 Brazilian military government:
Brazilian military government 1964-1985
-
Human rights in Brazil
March 2011 first prosecution for crimes committed during the 1964-85 military dictatorship:
14 mars 2011: Les premières poursuites pénales lancées mercredi au Brésil pour des crimes commis sous la dictature 1964-1985 font renaître l'espoir au sein des familles des victimes
March 2012:
16 March 2012: A Brazilian federal judge has blocked a move to try a retired army colonel for abuses allegedly committed during the country's military dictatorship
2012/2013-2014 National Truth Commission:
2012/2013-2014 National Truth Commission (Comissão Nacional da Verdade), investigating human rights violations of the period of 1946–1988
April 2014:
26 April 2014: Brazilian former army colonel who admitted torturing and killing political prisoners under military rule up to the 1980s, but never regretted his actions, has been found dead
December 2014 Brazil’s National Truth Commission's report on the 1964-1985 military dictatorship:
10 December 2014: Brazil’s National Truth Commission delivers a damning report on the killings, disappearances and torture committed by government agents during the 1964-1985 military dictatorship, calling for those responsible to face prosecution
-
10 December 2014: The International Center for Transitional Justice ICTJ welcomes the release of the final report of Brazil’s National Truth Commission after two and a half years of work to unveil the truth about serious human rights violations 1946-1988, especially during the military dictatorship 1964-1985, saying the report is a historic contribution to truth and justice in a country where serious crimes have remained unaddressed for decades and calling on the Brazilian judiciary to disregard the Amnesty Law
March 2019:
27 March 2019: Victims of Brazil’s dictatorship have responded with fury after far-right president Jair Bolsonaro ordered the country’s armed forces to commemorate the anniversary of a 1964 coup which unleashed 21 years of military rule
-
30 March 2019: Tortured Brazilians appalled this week when Brazil’s current president Bolsonaro ordered the country’s armed forces to commemorate the anniversary of the 1964 coup which brought the military to power, and who in the past has defended torture and praised a notorious dictatorship-era torturer
-
30 March 2019: Bolsonaro's coup celebration barred by judge
Taxation and budget in Brazil:
Taxation in Brazil
2016:
20 May 2016: As Brazil could have a primary deficit, or the budget balance before interest payments, as large as 163.9 billion Brazilian reais or $45.9 billion, Brazil’s government unveiled a revised 2016 budget projecting a worse-than-expected fiscal picture and raising the stakes for the newly installed interim administration, amid a sharp economic contraction and a toxic political climate
Politics of Brazil:
Politics of Brazil
-
States of Brazil
-
Constitution of Brazil
-
History of the Constitution of Brazil
Political parties, trade unions and workers' movement in Brazil:
Political parties in Brazil
-
Trade unions in Brazil
-
Landless Workers' Movement, MST founded in January 1984
1946-1964 Second Brazilian Republic:
1946-1964 Second Brazilian Republic
1964-1985 Brazilian military regime:
1964-1985 Brazilian military regime
March/April 1964 Brazilian coup d'état:
March/April 1964 Brazilian coup d'état, a series of events in Brazil that led to the overthrow of President João Goulart by members of the Brazilian Armed Forces, supported by the USA government
Elections and politics in Brazil:
Elections
in Brazil
November 1986 Brazilian legislative election and 1987/1988 Constitutional Assembly:
15 November 1986 Brazilian legislative election and Constitutional Assembly during 1987 and 1988, producing a new constitution, which as promulgated on 5 October 1988
-
1988 Constitution of Brazil
April 1993 Brazilian constitutional referendum:
21 April 1993 Brazilian constitutional referendum
2010 Brazilian presidential election:
Brazilian presidential election 2010
-
Brazilian parliamentary election 2010
-
Workers' Party (Brazil)
2012:
26 April 2012: Brazil's Congress approves controversial forest law
-
5 October 2012: Women make up 52% of voters but only 12% of political seats go to female candidates
2014:
1 May 2014: Brazil's Dilma Rousseff announces a 10% increase in social security payments as well as tax cuts affecting 36 million low-income families
-
7 July: Brazil launched election campaign for October 5 general elections passing the deadline for candidates to come forward and register
5/26 October 2014 Brazilian general election:
Brazilian general election 5 October 2014
-
6 October: Brazil’s president Dilma Rousseff took 41.1% of the vote in the first round of the election, ahead of Aécio Neves on 34.2%
-
22 October: Brazil's Rousseff gains on Neves ahead of Sunday runoff according to poll
Brazilian general election second-round runoff will be held on 26 October 2014
-
27 October: Brazilian President Rousseff re-elected with narrow margin
December 2014:
10 December 2014: Herself tortured during Brazil's military dictatorship, Dilma Rousseff unveiled the findings of the Truth Commission investigation into the systematic murder, torture and other abuses 1964-1985
2015:
18 August 2015: Nestor Cervero, former international chief of state-run oil firm Petrobras, sentenced to just over 12 years in prison for corruption and money laundering related to a bribe allegedly paid to the speaker of Brazil’s lower house of congress
-
18 September 2015: Amid massive corruption scandal which has tarnished Brazil’s political class and driven the president to the brink of impeachment, Brazilian supreme court bans corporate donations to candidates and parties in future elections
-
8 October: Brazil's president Rousseff could face impeachment the federal accounts court in a unanimous vote ruled Rousseff’s government manipulated its accounts in 2014 to disguise a widening fiscal deficit
-
5 December: Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff rejects impeachment coup
2016:
23 January 2016: Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff gives her backing to a corruption probe which has unearthed massive bribery and embezzlement in the country's elite, including at the heart of her own party
-
19 March 2016: Amid pro and anti-government rallies and a mounting political crisis, supreme court judge Gilmar Mendes strips Lula of office saying that Lula’s appointment by Dilma Rousseff appeared designed to prevent him being charged with corruption
April/May 2016:
Impeachment process against Dilma Rousseff, the charges against Rousseff include administrative misconduct and disregarding the federal budget, as well as suspected acts of corruption in Petrobras
-
18 April: Brazilian congress votes to impeach president Dilma Rousseff
-
19 April: President Dilma Rousseff vows long battle against impeachment
-
21 April: Brazil president's chief accuser Eduardo Cunha faces investigations over alleged perjury, money laundering and bribes of his own
-
6 mai: La justice suspend le président de l'Assemblée Cunha, instigateur de la destitution de Dilma Rousseff, accusé d'entrave à la justice dans le scandale Petrobas
-
9 May 2016: Rousseff impeachment vote annulled
-
10 mai: Le président de l'Assemblée Maranhao a fait volte-face et décidé de maintenir le processus de destitution de Dilma Rousseff
-
12 mai: Le Sénat brésilien a approuvé jeudi par 55 voix contre 22 l'ouverture d'un procès en destitution de la présidente Dilma Rousseff
-
23 May: The credibility of Brazil’s interim government rocked when planning minister Romero Jucá was forced to step aside amid further revelations about plot to impeach president Dilma Rousseff, as Jucá was recorded saying 'We have to change the government’ as the only means to stop a sweeping corruption investigation
June 2016:
29 June 2016: The ethics committee of Brazil's Chamber of Deputies will try to determine if Bolsonaro, a former Brazilian Army paratrooper, broke parliamentary decorum when he prefaced his vote in April to impeach Dilma Rousseff with a speech praising Carlos Ustra, after Courts have found that Ustra, a notorious Army intelligence officer during the 1964-1985 military dictatorship, was responsible for torture and Rousseff was tortured by Ustra's Army intelligence unit
August 2016:
10 August 2016: Brazil’s senate has voted 59-21 to accept charges against Dilma Rousseff and put her on trial for breaking budget laws, in an impeachment process that is expected to end 13 years of rule by 'Partido dos Trabalhadores' (Workers' Party)
September 2016:
13 September 2016: Brazil's lower house voted by 450 votes to 10 with nine abstentions to expel its former speaker Eduardo Cunha, who was the orchestrator of the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, for perjury, corruption and obstruction of justice, possibly followed by criminal charges for his involvement in the bribery and kickback scandal at state-oil company Petrobras
October 2016 Brazilian municipal elections:
2/3 October 2016: Brazil parties linked to corruption punished in local elections
November/December 2016:
11 November 2016: Brazil plunges into a fresh bout of political uncertainty after lawyers for former president Dilma Rousseff presented evidence suggesting her successor Michel Temer accepted bribes from construction company Andrade Gutierrez
-
12 December 2016: Brazil president Michel Temer accused of soliciting millions in illegal donations
May/June 2017:
18 May 2017: Calls for impeachment of president Michel Temer and street protests as prosecutors are handed tapes of discussions about hush-money payments to jailed associate and powerbroker Eduardo Cunha
-
27 June 2017: Brazil prosecutor charges president Temer with corruption
July 2017:
9 July 2017: Environmental campaigners have blamed the Brazilian government for intensifying violence in the lawless Amazon after two land activists were murdered and a transporter carrying vehicles for Brazil’s environment agency was torched
-
12 July 2017: Former Brazilian president Lula convicted of corruption and money laundering
linked to oil giant Petrobras scandal and sentenced to nearly 10 years in prison
August/September 2017:
24 August 2017: Brazil's Temer has abolished an Amazonian reserve the size of Denmark, prompting concerns of an influx of mineral companies, road-builders and workers into the species-rich forest
-
26 September 2017: Brazil backtracks on plan to open up Amazon forest to mining
October 2017:
17 October 2017: Brazil accused of easing anti-slavery rules
February 2018:
16 February 2018: Investigation finds President Michel Temer among 51 politicians who received donations from firms accused of labour abuses
22 March 2018:
22 March 2018: As pressure grows on the authorities in Brazil to find the killers of Rio de Janeiro councillor Marielle Franco, an open letter by international activists, writers, journalists, film-makers, politicians and actors has called for an investigation of her murder by an independent commission
29 March 2018 'armed forces set wide leeway on lethal force':
29 March 2018: The members of the Brazilian Armed Forces deployed in public security operations in Rio de Janeiro operate under rules that allow unacceptably broad leeway for the use of lethal force, according to 'Human Rights Watch', saying the rules of engagement permit soldiers to use lethal ammunition as a last resort 'to protect life, and never to prevent property damage'
September 2018:
1 September 2018: Brazilian court bars Lula from presidential election
-
6 September 2018: A month before vote, candidates for Workers’ party and PDSB accused of illegal campaign donations in earlier races, as Transparency International Brasil backs Brazilian authorities' investigation and prosecution of 'this systemic behavior'
-
7 September 2018: PSL's presidential candidate and former military officer Bolsonaro, who praises for Brazil’s 1964-85 military dictatorship, which tortured thousands of its opponents and executed hundreds more, and who faces trial before the supreme court for speech inciting hate and rape, stabbed at campaign rally
-
12 septembre 2018: En prison pour corruption, Lula sera remplacé comme candidat du PT à la présidence par son colistier Fernando Haddad
-
15 septembre 2018: Le nombre de candidats issus de l'armée à la présidentielle et à l'élection des gouverneurs a presque doublé au Brésil et suscite des inquiétudes
-
21 September 2018: Brazilian women mobilise against Bolsonaro, who they believe represents 'an enormous setback for Brazil'
-
23 septembre 2018: Les favelas oubliées de la présidentielle mettent la pression sur les candidats à l'approche des élections pour stopper les violences
-
30 September 2018: Brazil sees black female candidates surge after
assassination of Marielle Franco on 14 March 2018
3 October 2018 Bolsonaro praises Brazil's dictatorship era:
3 October 2018: As human rights attacking candidate Jair Bolsonaro praises Brazil's dictatorship era as a golden age, newly discovered archive documents show paramilitary group, encouraged by a general close to Arthur da Costa e Silva and in contact with federal police, carried out terrorist acts to justify repression by the country’s military dictatorship 1964-1985
October 2018 Brazilian general election first and second round:
7 October 2018 Brazilian general election
-
8 October 2018: Former army captain Bolsonaro, who expresses nostalgia for Brazil’s military dictatorship won the first round of its presidential election by a surprisingly large margin but fell just short to avoid a second-round runoff against Workers Party's candidate and former Sao Paulo Mayor Fernando Haddad, getting 28.5% compared to 46.7%
-
22 October 2018: With Brazil poised to elect a dictator-praising, pro-torture populist, old wounds have been ripped open and survivors of Brazil’s dictatorship fear Bolsonaro
-
29 October 2018: Brazil’s election of Bolsonaro worries rights groups
January 2019:
2 January 2019: Hours after taking office Bolsonaro has launched an assault on environmental and Amazon protections with an executive order transferring the regulation and creation of new indigenous reserves to the agriculture ministry, controlled by the powerful agribusiness lobby
-
15 January 2019: Brazil's Bolsonaro
signs decree loosening gun ownership rules
-
24 January 2019: Since early January in Fortaleza Brazilian teenagers are caught in the middle of fighting, some paid by gangs to carry out attacks, as police arrest hundreds of suspects, a third of them minors, and kill at least six
April 2019:
26 avril 2019: Le président brésilien a fait retirer un spot publicitaire diffusé par la banque publique Banco do Brasil qui mettait en scène la diversité raciale et sexuelle du pays, bien que les personnes de couleur représentent plus de la moitié de la population et sont sous-représentées au Brésil
June 2019:
11 June 2019: Bolsonaro tight-lipped as minister faces calls to resign over Lula scandal, after a series of politically explosive leaks that some observers believe could have a profound effect on Brazilian politics and the Bolsonaro administration
July 2019 Amazon deforestation accelerating:
25 July 2019: Confirming fears that president Bolsonaro has given a green light to illegal land invasion, logging and burning, deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon has surged above three football fields a minute, according to the latest government data, pushing the world’s biggest rainforest closer to a tipping point beyond which it cannot recover
9 August 2019 sacked scientist Ricardo Galvão warns:
9 August 2019: Bolsonaro has blessed ‘brutal' assault on Amazon, sacked internationally respected scientist and former director of Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research Ricardo Galvão warns, saying if the anti-human rights politician doesn’t change his policy the Amazon will be ruined
August 2019 Amazon fires:
24 August 2019: Brazil begins fighting Amazon fires after local and international outcry
-
27 August 2019: Brazilian official Lorenzoni has told Emmanuel Macron to take care of 'his home and his colonies' as Brazil rejected an offer from G7 countries of $20m to help fight fires in the Amazon
30 August 2019 corporations pile pressure on Brazil over Amazon fires:
30 August 2019: Corporations pile pressure on Brazil over Amazon fires, as asset managers, pension funds and companies halt deals and stop buying bonds
2 October 2019:
2 October 2019: Activists say onslaught has intensified as illegal loggers and land-grabbers take president Bolsonaro’s verbal offensive against indigenous communities as a green light to act
1 November 2019 president's son suggests using dictatorship-era tactics:
1 November 2019: Brazilian president's son suggests using dictatorship-era tactics on leftist foes
8 November 2019 Brazil's former president Lula walks free from prison:
8 November 2019: Brazil's former president Lula walks free from prison after supreme court ruling, saying defendants could only be imprisoned after all appeals to higher courts had been exhausted, paving the way for Lula and another 5,000 prisoners to be freed
March 2020 Brazilians call for boycotts of companies that support Bolsonaro:
5 March 2020: Brazilians call for boycotts of major companies that support Bolsonaro, as supporters of Bolsonaro are planning nationwide protests on 15 March and have flooded social media with memes attacking congress, and even proposing a return to military rule
24 April 2020 Bolsonaro fires police chief and Justice Minister Moro quits in protest:
24 avril 2020: L'ancien juge anti-corruption et ministre de la justice Sergio Moro, le plus populaire du gouvernement, a démissionné avec fracas, accusant président Bolsonaro 'd'ingérence politique' dans les affaires judiciaires, après que Bolsonaro a évincé l'un de ses hommes de confiance, le chef de la Police fédérale Mauricio Valeixo, et huit jours après le limogeage du ministre de la Santé Luiz Henrique Mandetta, également très populaire et favorable au confinement, contrairement au président
28 April 2020 Bolsonaro faces inquiry into claims of meddling with police:
28 April 2020: The political whirlwind convulsing Brazilian politics has intensified with the supreme court approving an investigation into explosive allegations that president Bolsonaro illegally attempted to interfere in the federal police
12 May 2020 Brazil political crisis blocks fight against covid-19:
12 mai 2020: Les dissidences politiques entre le président d'extrême droite Jair Bolsonaro et les gouverneurs des États brésiliens empêchent l'établissement de véritables mesures sanitaires, les experts s'alarment
15 May 2020 Brazil loses second health minister as covid-19 deaths rise:
15 May 2020: Brazil loses second health minister in less than a month as covid-19 deaths rise
7 June 2020 Bolsonaro hides Brazil's covid-19 death toll:
7 June 2020: Bolsonaro hides Brazil's covid-19 death toll and case totals
19 June 2020 local authorities in Brazilian Amazon accused of racism:
19 June 2020: Local authorities in the Brazilian Amazon accused of racism after locking down a string of indigenous villages and banning indigenous people from entering a local town because of a covid-19, as federal prosecutors called for the mayor of Pau D’Arco in the Amazon state of Pará to revoke the decree
1 July 2020 Brazil's new education minister resigns over qualifications:
1 July 2020: Brazil's new education minister resigns amid scrutiny over qualifications, as Carlos Decotelli stepped down after five days following reports he lied about his credentials in fresh blow to Bolsonaro, and after school publicly refuted his claims he had worked there as a teacher
7 November 2020 environmentalists criticise Amazon tour for foreign ambassadors as a 'sham' and 'media propaganda':
7 November 2020: Environmentalists have criticised a three-day tour of the Amazon that the Brazilian government staged for foreign ambassadors as a 'sham' and 'media propaganda' after it failed to stop at any environmentally devastated areas
15/29 November 2020 Brazilian municipal elections:
15/29 November 2020 Brazilian municipal elections, as electors chose Mayors, Vice-Mayors and City Councillors of all 5,568 cities of the country
16 November 2020 resurgence of politicians from mainstream parties:
16 November 2020: Brazilian municipal elections results, which included painful defeats for Bolsonarista candidates in key cities and the resurgence of politicians from mainstream parties, suggest it is an ailing force
24 November 2020 UN urges reforms in Brazil after deadly beating of black man:
24 November 2020: UN urges reforms in Brazil after deadly beating of black man, as days of protests erupted after video showed Joao Alberto Silveira Freitas, who later died, being attacked by white security guard
29/30 November 2020 second round of Brazilian municipal elections:
29 novembre 2020: À l’issue d’une campagne en ligne pour cause de coronavirus, le deuxième tour des municipales brésiliennes est organisé ce dimanche
-
29 November 2020 Brazilian municipal elections second round
-
30 novembre 2020: Le centre droit est le grand vainqueur des municipales de dimanche au Brésil, qui ont vu la déroute des candidats soutenus par le président Bolsonaro
18 January 2021 Bolsonaro rival hails covid-19 vaccinations as 'triumph of science against denialists':
18 January 2021: Bolsonaro rival hails covid-19 vaccinations as 'triumph of science against denialists'
25 March 2021 Brazilians lament covid-19 devastation as critics decry Bolsonaro:
25 March 2021: Brazilians lament covid-19 devastation as critics decry Bolsonaro
31 March 2021 calls grow for removal of 'coup-mongering' Bolsonaro as crisis builds:
31 March 2021: Prominent leaders of Brazil’s opposition have called for president Jair Bolsonaro to be immediately removed from office to prevent his 'coup-mongering, authoritarian delusions' becoming a reality, and as Brazil has suffered by far its heaviest month of covid-19 losses after the deaths of nearly 67,000 people were confirmed in March
2/3 April 2021 amid Brazil's tragedy our hope is the prospect of Bolsonaro's defeat next year, former FM says:
2/3 April 2021: Amid Brazil's tragedy, our hope is the prospect of Bolsonaro's defeat next year, Brazilian Celso Amorim and former Minister of Foreign Relations says, a prospect still far away
,
as it took just 83 days for Adriana Mejía to lose half her family
,
and as Brazil has recorded 70,238 new covid-19 cases and 2,922 further deaths
24 April 2021 Bolsonaro slashes Brazil’s environment budget after promise to double:
24 April 2021: Bolsonaro slashes Brazil’s environment budget, day after climate talks pledge, and his promise to double budget for environmental enforcement at conference organised by Joe Biden
,
as Brazil’s ‘rapid and violent’ covid variant devastates Latin America
23 June 2021 congress mulls diluting protection for indigenous territories as police use teargas and rubber bullets against indigenous protesters:
23 June 2021: Riot police have fired teargas and rubber bullets at indigenous activists protesting outside Brazil’s congress against new legislation that would undermine legal protections for indigenous territories, and open them up to commercial agriculture and mining
3 July 2021 Brazil top court gives nod for probe into Bolsonaro over vaccine deal:
3 July 2021: Brazil top court gives nod for probe into Bolsonaro over vaccine deal, as a Brazilian Senate commission investigating the administration's handling of the pandemic has cited suspicions of overpricing and corruption related to the contract
5 July 2021 corruption allegations increase pressure on Bolsonaro:
5 July 2021: Corruption allegations increase pressure on Bolsonaro, as Brazilian president has come under further pressure after being personally implicated in an alleged corruption racket involving the supposed misappropriation of his workforce’s wages
22 July 2021 covid piles further misery on Brazil’s vulnerable:
22 July 2021: Covid piles further misery on Brazil’s vulnerable, as 'hunger has returned’
1 September 2021 Brazil's officials warn of deeper energy crisis amid worsening drought:
1 September 2021: Brazil minister Albuquerque warns of deeper energy crisis amid worsening drought, saying a record drought hampers hydropower generation, that the crisis had deepened as water reserves at hydropower plants have already fallen to their lowest level in 91 years of records
,
as Brazil's vice president Mourao said a severe drought could lead to energy rationing in Brazil, contradicting other officials who have said that such a step would not be necessary
9 October 2021 Brazil the second country in the world to record more than 600,000 covid-19 deaths:
9 October 2021: Brazil has become only the second country in the world to record more than 600,000 covid-19 deaths, as anti-democratic Jair Bolsonaro’s handling of the pandemic continues to face sharp criticism and scrutiny, and has drawn the ire of health experts and many Brazilians for downplaying the severity of the virus, rejecting lockdowns and other public health measures, and failing to rapidly secure covid-19 vaccines
17 December 2021 Bolsonaro spread disinformation on Brazil’s voting system, police says:
17 December 2021: Brazilian president Bolsonaro had a 'direct and relevant' role in spreading disinformation about the country’s electoral process during live streams on social media, according to Federal police document, as commissioner Denisse Ribeiro wrote that Bolsonaro’s streams had a 'clear purpose' of misguiding Brazilians over the integrity of the country’s elections
11 February 2022 deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon hits new record in January 2022:
11 February 2022: Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon hits new record in January 2022, as researches say forest destruction in Brazil has been accelerating since 2019, when president Bolsonaro took office
18 May 2022 Brazil’s democracy and independence of its judiciary under threat:
18 May 2022: Brazil’s democracy and the independence of its judiciary are under threat from the government of president Bolsonaro, a group of lawyers and legal experts have said in a petition to the UN, as the country prepares for elections in October, and as the group of 80 jurists and legal researchersn appealed to the UN Special Rapporteur to visit Brazil and report on attacks on the Supreme Court and the Superior Electoral Court that oversees elections
21 May 2022 ahead of October elections Brazilian 'left' supports war criminal Putin’s war against Ukrainian people:
21 May 2022: Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to an unexpected convergence in Brazil's political arena as leftist politicians are joining the far right in voicing their support for - or at least excusing - the Kremlin’s brutal, imperialist aggression against a much smaller sovereign nation, according to Brazilian journalist and researcher Raphael Tsavkko Garcia
31 May 2022 at least 91 dead in Brazil floods and landslides with many more missing:
31 May 2022: At least 91 dead in Brazil floods and landslides with many more missing, as favelas in north-eastern cities of Recife and Jaboatao dos Guararapes have been worst hit by disasters many blame on climate change
8 June 2022 Pelé joins fight for the preservation of the Amazon, that belongs to all of us:
8 June 2022: A host of Brazilian celebrities, led by the three-time World Cup winner Pelé, have joined sports, culture and media figures in calling for action over Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira and for authorities to intensify their search for British journalist and Brazilian Indigenous advocate missing in the Amazon rainforest, as Pelé, considered one of the greatest players of all time, retweeted a video made by Phillips’s wife appealing for more urgency in the search for her husband and Bruno Pereira, saying 'the fight for the preservation of the Amazon forest and of the Indigenous groups belongs to all of us'
,
as authorities in the Brazilian Amazon have arrested a man in connection with the disappearance of the British journalist and an Indigenous advocate amid increasing calls swift action in the case that has shocked the media and environmental worlds
30 July 2022 Brazilian senators calling for an investigation into one of the country’s top prosecutors:
30 July 2022: Brazilian senators are calling for an investigation into one of the country’s top prosecutors after she shelved several charges against president
Bolsonaro
over his
mishandling of the covid-19 pandemic
, now to be charged with nine offences, including crimes against humanity and charlatanism, for promoting false treatments such as hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin. The anti-democratic president constantly downplayed the severity of the pandemic, initially calling it 'a little flu' and telling Brazilians to man up because 'we are all going to die anyway'
29 August 2022 Bolsonaro, Lula go on offensive in Brazilian presidential TV debate:
29 August 2022: Bolsonaro, Lula go on offensive in Brazilian presidential TV debate, as Bolsonaro has trailed behind former leader Lula in polls ahead of the October elections
2 October 2022 Brazilian general election:
2 October 2022 Brazilian general election to elect the President, Vice President, and the National Congress. Elections for state Governors and Vice Governors, State Legislative Assemblies, the Federal District Legislative Chamber, and the District Council of Fernando de Noronha will be held at the same time, 30 October 2022 second round, if necessary.
-
Opinion polling for the 2022 Brazilian presidential election, including parties whose candidates frequently poll above 3% of the vote
2 October 2022 Lula leads Bolsonaro in polls as country votes in tense presidential contest:
2 October 2022: Brazilians cast their votes in the first round of their country's election with leftist Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva expected to beat far-right incumbent Jair Bolsonaro, as Lula said 'it's an important day for me', 'four years ago I couldn't vote because I was the victim of a lie ... I want to try to help my country to return to normal'. Lula was jailed during the last election, serving a conviction for corruption that he says was politically motivated. It was later overturned by the Supreme Court, allowing him to face off against Bolsonaro in this year's vote
3 October 2022 Brazilians disappointed as Bolsonaro’s strong election showing defies expectations:
3 October 2022: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva won the first round with 57m votes, or 48% of the total to Bolsonaro’s 43%, but Bolsonaro’s unexpectedly high share has shattered predictions that re-election is beyond his reach in the 30 October runoff against Lula
22 October 2022 life’s been easier under Bolsonaro, gun trafficker admitted:
22 October 2022: Brazil presidential election divides voters, even gangsters in 'a clash of two Brazils', as criminals’ conflicting opinions reflect a broader fissure in Brazil as it approaches its most discordant runoff in decades. '
Life’s
been easier under Bolsonaro. It’s easier to get
guns
. It’s easier to get
ammunition
', admitted the gun trafficker as he and his clique pondered the battle for power.
24 October 2022 Brazilian Bolsonaro friend attacks police with rifle and grenades, wounding two:
24 October 2022: Brazil’s toxic presidential election has taken a surreal and violent turn after a radical ally of the anti-democratic president Bolsonaro used hand grenades and a rifle to attack federal police officers as they attempted to arrest him. The perpetrator Roberto Jefferson, a former congressman who has called Bolsonaro a 'personal friend', launched the attack on Sunday after police arrived at his home in the mountains north of Rio de Janeiro. Two officers reportedly sustained non-fatal shrapnel wounds, while photographs showed a federal police vehicle riddled with bullet holes.
29 October 2022 Brazil election with profound implications for the Amazon rainforest, global climate emergency, democracy:
29 October 2022: Brazil election goes to the wire after ill-tempered final TV debate, as veteran leftist Lula da Silva holds slender poll lead over Jair Bolsonaro, and as national divide grows before Sunday vote, with profound implications for the Amazon rainforest, the global climate emergency and the future of one of the world’s largest democracies
30 October 2022 'New York Times' en español:
30 October 2022: América Latina observa con atención las elecciones en la democracia más poblada de la región. The New York Times ofrece su cobertura también en español. But also in english with live updates, as - in Europe's evening - Brazil’s election officials demand answers for police stops of buses carrying voters.
5 November 2022 Brazil, Indonesia and DRC in talks to form ‘Opec of rainforests’:
5 November 2022: Brazil, Indonesia and DRC in talks to form ‘Opec of rainforests’, as - spurred by Lula’s election - the three countries, home to half of all tropical forests, will pledge stronger conservation efforts ahead of COP27 conference in Egypt
5 December 2022 Lula faces stiff challenge to fulfil vow to reverse Amazon deforestation in Brazil
5 December 2022: President Lula faces stiff challenge to fulfil vow to reverse Amazon deforestation in Brazil, after his predecessor Bolsonaro unleashed record destruction and emboldened loggers, land grabbers and illegal miners
30 December 2022 huge crowds expected for funeral of footballing great as well as the inauguration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva:
30 December 2022: Brazil prepares to say goodbye to Pelé as it welcomes a new president, as huge crowds expected for funeral of footballing great as well as the inauguration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
1 January 2023 Brazil’s Lula set to be inaugurated as president amid tight security:
1 January 2023: Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva is set to be inaugurated Sunday for a third term as Brazilian president, in a ceremony snubbed by outgoing leader Jair Bolsonaro, underlining the deep divisions the veteran leftist inherits. In a sign of the scars that remain from Lula's brutal election showdown with far-right ex-army captain Bolsonaro in October, security will be exceptionally tight at the pomp-filled ceremony in the capital, and some 8,000 police - including more than 1,000 federal officers, a record deployment for a presidential inauguration in Brazil - will provide security
8 January 2023 Jair Bolsonaro supporters storm Brazilian government buildings:
8 January 2023: Jair Bolsonaro supporters storm Brazilian government buildings, as supporters of the far-right former president, who refuse to accept his election defeat, invade the Congress and Supreme Court
10 January 2023 Bolsonaro's 'multipart conspiracy to overturn the lawful results of the 2022 presidential election':
8 January 2023: Former Brazil anti-democratic presidenz Jair Bolsonaro responsible for the riots, as supporters of a blamed politician who refuses to accept his election defeat, invade the Congress and Supreme Court to change history
,
as USA's Trump did on 6 January 2021 in his 'multipart conspiracy to overturn the lawful results of the 2020 Presidential election'.
-
10 January 2023: Brazil’s failed coup is the poison flower of the Trump-Bolsonaro symbiosis, 'The Guardian' World affairs editor Julian Borger explains in his analysis
11 January 2023 security tightened in Brazil amid fears of new attacks by Bolsonaro supporters:
11 January 2023: Security has been stepped up in Brazil’s capital amid concerns that hardcore supporters of the former president Jair Bolsonaro were planning to mobilise again, three days after thousands of extremists launched what the government has called a botched coup attempt
23 January 2023 Brazil’s female diplomats in new equality push after dark days of Bolsonaro:
23 January 2023: Movement to tackle lack of diversity within Brazil’s foreign office coincides with Lula’s return to power with a new cabinet, and the country’s female diplomats have launched a new push for equal rights and opportunity.
30 June 2023 judges ban Bolsonaro from running for office for eight years over ‘appalling lies’:
30 June 2023: Judges ban Bolsonaro from running for office for eight years for abusing his powers and peddling 'immoral' and 'appalling lies' during last year’s acrimonious election. Five of the superior electoral court’s seven judges voted to banish the far-right radical, who relentlessly vilified the South American country’s democratic institutions during his unsuccessful battle to win a second term in power. Two voted against the decision.
10 July 2023 :
10 July 2023: Brazil’s top federal police chief for the Amazon has celebrated the government’s success in driving thousands of illegal miners from the country’s largest Indigenous territory but warned the 'war' against environmental criminals is not yet over
9 August 2023 Amazon leaders fail to commit to end deforestation by 2030:
9 August 2023: Amazon leaders fail to commit to end deforestation by 2030. They called on rich countries to help them develop a Marshall-style plan to protect the world’s largest rainforest, but stopped short of committing to zero deforestation across the biome by 2030 amid divisions over oil extraction.
6 November 2023 Lula deploys troops to ports and airports in organised crime crackdown:
6 November 2023: Lula deploys troops to ports and airports in organised crime crackdown, as military intervention to last until May and is reportedly designed to cut off the drug and gun smuggling routes on which trafficking and mafia groups depend. In recent months those heavily armed factions – which have spent decades consolidating their control over huge sweeps of Rio – have spent even more time in Brazilia.
27 December 2023 illegal mining on rise again in Amazon, says Yanomami leader:
27 December 2023: Thousands of illegal miners are resisting government attempts to evict them from Brazil’s largest Indigenous territory, the renowned activist and shaman Davi Kopenawa has said, nearly a year after operations to displace them began. President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva made expelling an estimated 20,000 illegal gold and tin ore miners from the Yanomami Indigenous territory one of his top tasks after taking power last January. Lula visited the region to denounce what he called a premeditated 'genocide' committed by the government of his far-right predecessor, Jair Bolsonaro, and ordered an offensive to force miners from the Portugal-sized Amazon enclave.
Social movements, criticism and protests in Brazil:
Protests in Brazil
June 1968 March of the One Hundred Thousand in Rio de Janeiro:
26 June 1968 'March of the One Hundred Thousand' in Rio de Janeiro was a manifestation of popular protest against the military dictatorship in Brazil since 1964, organized by the student movement and with the participation of artists, intellectuals and other sectors of Brazilian society
Since 1984 Landless Workers' Movement in a reaction to the military regime's failed land reform:
Since 1984 'Landless Workers' Movement', created as a reaction to the military regime's failed land reform program, the movement grew rapidly, becoming the largest social movement organization in Latin America with an estimated 1.5 million members organized in 23 out of Brazil's 26 states and defining its goals as access to the land for poor workers through land reform in Brazil and activism around social issues that make land ownership more difficult to achieve, such as unequal income distribution, racism, sexism, and media monopolies
Since 1997 Homeless Workers' Movement:
Since 1997 Homeless Workers' Movement
2011 Brazilian anti-corruption protests:
7 September 2011: Anti-corruption demonstations in Brasilia and other cities across the country
October 2011: Brazil Amazon campaigners occupy Belo Monte dam:
28 October 2011: Brazil Amazon campaigners occupy Belo Monte dam
2013 protests in Brazil:
2013 protests in Brazil
June 2013 Brazilian protests against transport costs, corruption and new stadiums spending:
18 June 2013: Tens of thousands of people took to the streets of major Brazilian cities as protests spread against higher public transport costs, corruption and the billions of dollars being spent on new stadiums for the 2014 World Cup
-
19 June: Protesters kept up the pressure with new demonstrations against growing cost of living on Tuesday in the country’s biggest cities, even as President Dilma Rousseff praises protest
-
19 June: Brazil protests win fans among national football team
-
20 June: As more than one million people have pledged via social media networks to march in 80 cities across Brazil, new protests kick off in Salvador
-
21 June: At least one million people rallied across Brazil on Thursday in escalating mass demonstrations over the quality of public services and the high cost of staging the World Cup
-
22 juin: Dilma Rousseff se dit à l'écoute de la rue et promet des réformes
et combattre la corruption
-
23 juin: Selon le premier sondage de l'institut Ibope, 75% des Brésiliens appuient le mouvement de protestation et les manifestations
-
23 June: Latest Brazil protests bring 250,000 into streets demanding concrete steps and denouncing legislation that limits prosecution of corruption
-
24 June: A tent camp set up by protesters outside the Rio de Janeiro governor's residence in this well-heeled seaside neighborhood provides a window onto the turmoil that has rocked Brazil
-
24 juin: Dilma Rousseff propose un plan d'investissement de 19 milliards d'euros dans les transports publics et une assemblée constituante pour élaborer des réformes politiques pour sortir de la crise
-
27 June: Brazilian police fired tear gas to disperse protesters near the football stadium in Belo Horizonte hosting a semi-final, with tens of thousands of people venting their anger
July 2013 protests over employment laws, health and education:
12 July 2013: Thousands on streets in Brazil protests as unions try to spark national strike over employment laws, health and education
23 July 2013: Hundreds of demonstrators protesting the $53m cost of the pope’s Brazil visit clashed with police in Rio de Janeiro
August 2013 protests over missing Rocinha man Amarildo de Souza:
10 August 2013: Protests over missing Rocinha man Amarildo de Souza, a 42-year-old father of six, who disappeared after being called in 'for questioning' by 'Police Pacifying Unit' officers on July 14th
-
13 August: Many protest disappearance of laborer Amarildo Souza
September 2013 anti-graft protests mark Brazil independence day:
8 September 2013: Anti-graft protests mark Brazil independence day
October 2013 Amazon protests:
28 octobre: Vivement contesté par les écologistes et les populations locales, les travaux de construction du gigantesque barrage de Belo Monte en Amazonie brésilienne sont suspendues par un tribunal fédéral
January/February 2014 protests against inequality:
19 January: Demonstrators staged a rally to protest attempts to bar underprivileged youths from shopping malls in middle-class areas
-
7 February: Hundreds of people in Rio de Janeiro clashed with police during a protest against increased fares for public transport
-
13 février 2014: 40 blessés dans des heurts entre police et paysans sans terre qui manifestaient pour réclamer l'accélération de la réforme agraire
May-July 2014:
16 May: Protesters and police clashed in Sao Paulo, as demonstrations against the billions spent to host the World Cup and rallies calling for improved public services erupted in several Brazilian cities
-
7 June: Police in Sao Paulo use batons and tear gas to disperse protesters on the second day of a metro strike
-
9 June: Subway staff extend strike in Sao Paulo in defiance of a court ruling
,
seeking a pay rise of almost twice the annual inflation rate
-
10 June: Despite two-day suspension of strike teargas fired by police at transport workers in Sao Paulo as mood about hosting the soccer World Cup remains sour among many
-
11 June: 'We don't have hospitals, we don't have schools, but we have stadiums', residents of the Copa do Povo flash camp say
-
12 June: As some airport workers have announced a twenty-four hour walkout in Rio de Janeiro, metro workers vote not to restart strike in Sao Paulo
-
12 June: Anti-World Cup protests in Brazilian cities mark first day
-
14 June: Despite police raids on activists' homes, protesters are gaining wide audiences with their calls for change in Brazil and beyond
-
18 June: Police criticised after several people injured in eviction of tent community at site of proposed construction project in World Cup host city Recife
-
29 June: Police fire tear gas to break up hundreds of protesters outside Rio de Janeiro's Maracana Stadium
-
15 July: Fifteen reporters covering the final protest against the World Cup in Brazil were injured by police, according to the journalists' union in Rio de Janeiro
2015:
8 January 2015: Demonstrators in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo poured into the streets to demonstrate in support of freedom of speech and expression following the shooting deaths of 12 people at satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris
-
3 April: Slum dwellers protest over alleged police role in ten-year-old boy's shooting death in Rio de Janeiro's shantytown
-
5 April 2015: Favela residents continue to protest violence which left four dead including ten-year old boy
-
16 August 2015: Hundreds of thousands protest across Brazil to call for the impeachment of president Dilma Rousseff, whom they blame for state-run oil company Petrobras' vast corruption scandal, where she was chairwoman from 2003 to 2010
2015–2016 anti-corruption protests in Brazil:
2015–2016 anti-corruption protests in Brazil
-
2016: Politicians from seven parties in Brazil were named as clients of Panama-based Mossack Fonseca law firm
,
at the center of 'Panama Papers' massive data leak over possible tax evasion and white-collar crimes
2016:
13 March 2016: Hundreds of thousands of Brazilians joined rallies across the country on Sunday against the government, struggling with an impeachment challenge, the worst recession in a century and the biggest corruption scandal in Brazil’s history
-
28 June 2016: Rio police protest financial disaster ahead of Olympics
-
4 August 2016: Brazilian police use tear gas and pepper spray to disperse protesters gathered along of the Olympic torch relay route near Rio de Janeiro, protesting against salary delays of public workers in Rio state
-
5 septembre 2016: Des dizaines de milliers de Brésiliens soutenant l'ancienne présidente Dilma Rousseff destituée mercredi, ont défilé dans les rues de Sao Paulo contre son successeur Michel Temer
-
17 November 2016: Brazil police use tear gas and pepper spray at austerity protest outside Rio parliament, where legislators proposed ways to cope with post-Olympics fiscal crisis that delayed payment to state workers, as the federal government says it won’t bail the state out, fearing that a cascade of states could ask for help, instead sending hundreds of military police against public workers kept from being paid
-
5 décembre 2016: Au moins 20'000 personnes ont manifesté dans plusieurs villes du Brésil contre la corruption et scandaient également des slogans soutenant l'enquête autour du vaste scandale politique Petrobras
March-May 2017:
16 March 2017: Brazilian civil servants, rural workers and labor unions staged nationwide demonstrations against president Temer's pension reform plan
-
29 April 2017: Brazilian unions have ratcheted up the pressure on president Temer with a nationwide general strike to protest austerity measures and corrupt politicians, that closed schools, disrupted transport networks and led to clashes with public security in several cities
-
18 May 2017: Street protests and calls for impeachment of president Michel Temer as prosecutors are handed tapes of discussions about hush-money payments to jailed associate and powerbroker Eduardo Cunha
-
25 May 2017: Protesters demanding the resignation of president Temer staged running battles with police and set fire to a ministry building in Brasilia, prompting the scandal-hit Temer to order the army onto the streets
March 2018:
15 March 2018: Protests were held across Brazil after popular Rio city councillor Marielle Franco and her driver were shot dead by two men in what appears to have been a targeted assassination of a politician who had become a voice for disadvantaged people in Rio's favelas
May 2018:
Since 21 May 2018 Brazil truck drivers' strike against increase on the price of diesel fuel
-
30 May 2018: Hundreds of truckers and their supporters had gathered at a gas station on a highway near São Paulo, for a rally in support of a nationwide protest
September 2018:
4 septembre 2018: Au lendemain de l'incendie du Musée national de Rio, une journée de colère a culminé par une manifestation dénonçant la négligence des pouvoirs publics
21 September 2018: #NotHim - women mobilise against Bolsonaro, who they believe represents 'an enormous setback for Brazil'
-
29/30 September 2018: Tens of thousands of people took to the streets of Brazil’s major cities in women-led protests against human rights attacking Jair Bolsonaro
April 2019:
24 April 2019: Thousands of indigenous people have descended on Brazil’s capital Brasília to protest against a widespread assault on indigenous rights and territories by the government of human rights attacking president Bolsonaro
May 2019:
16 mai 2019: Des centaines de milliers de personnes, d'enseignants et d'étudiants ont défilé mercredi soir dans les rues du Brésil pour défendre les universités, menacées par d'importantes coupes budgétaires
June 2019 general strike against pensions reform:
15 juin 2019: Perturbations dans les transports, blocage de routes et incidents ont eu lieu au Brésil vendredi en raison d'un appel à la grève générale contre la réforme des retraites, alors que la Copa America de football s'ouvrait à Sao Paulo
August 2019 protest against Bolsonaro:
15 août 2019: Des dizaines de milliers de femmes du monde rural sont descendus dans la rue à Brasilia pour dénoncer la politique du président Bolsonaro et en défense du monde paysan et des droits des femmes, dans un pays très affecté par les violences domestiques
-
24 August 2019: Brazilian protesters in São Paulo rail against Bolsonaro and the powerful agribusiness sector that supports him, and thousands of people take to streets in cities across country as Amazon fires rage on
20 September 2019 climate crisis protests:
20 September 2019: Brazilian climate strikers take aim at Bolsonaro for Amazon fires
22/23 March 2020 Brazilians protest over Bolsonaro's muddled coronavirus response:
22/23 March 2020: Brazilians protest over Bolsonaro's muddled coronavirus response, as cities across the country have witnessed nightly panelaço protests where dissenters express their dissatisfaction with president, as Brazil has recorded 1,128 coronavirus cases and 18 deaths, with the country’s health minister saying the public health system was likely to collapse by the end of April
,
and as Bolsonaro says coronavirus crisis is a media trick
May/June 2020 Brazilian protests against killing of African American George Floyd:
May/June 2020 Brazilian protests against killing of African American George Floyd, as thousands of people protested against racism in front of the Federal University of Paraná in Curitiba, as in São Paulo thousands protested against police brutality inflicted upon black Brazilians, and in Rio de Janeiro with protests also responding to the police killing of a black teenager
21 November 2020 protests erupt in Brazil after black man dies attacked by Carrefour guards:
21 November 2020: Protests erupt in Brazil after black man dies after being beaten outside supermarket, as João Alberto Silveira Freitas was allegedly attacked by security guards at a Carrefour store in the city of Porto Alegre on the eve of Black Consciousness Day, sparking outrage across Brazil amid videos of the incident circulating on social media
24 November 2020 despite tear gas protests continue in Brazil after black killed by Carrefour guards:
24 November 2020: Brazilian police used tear gas and rubber bullets Monday to disperse protesters marching against the killing of black Silveira Freitas by white guards at a Carrefour supermarket, as several days of protest have erupted in Porto Alegre after video footage last week showed Silveira Freitas being punched in the face and head by a security guard while another guard held him, and as Monday's march occupied a street and interrupted traffic in front of a Carrefour branch in the city
2021 Brazilian protests:
2021 Brazilian protests, popular demonstrations that took place in different regions of Brazil in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. Protests both supporting and opposing the government happened, as it was also the first time in the country when sectors linked to two antagonistic sides (the left and the right) began to protest over a common goal.
23-25 January 2021 thousands take to streets across Brazil protesting Bolsonaro and covid-19 policy:
24 January 2021: Thousands of Brazilians took the streets for a second day on Sunday to call for the impeachment of president Bolsonaro, who is under fire for his government’s response to rampant cases of covid-19, which has claimed more than 216,000 lives in the country hit by different crises, as horn-honking cars paraded through the streets of Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and a dozen or more other cities, and as other protesters marched on foot
,
also calling 'Get out Bolsonaro', according to 'taiwannews'
31 January 2021 protests against Bolsonaro:
31 janvier 2021: Des centaines de personnes ont à nouveau participé dimanche à des rassemblements et à des manifestations dans plusieurs villes brésiliennes afin d’exiger la destitution du président Jair Bolsonaro, critiqué pour sa gestion de la pandémie qui a déjà fait plus de 223’000 morts dans son pays
20 March 2021 demonstrations in Brazíl call for Bolsonaro’s impeachment:
20 March 2021: Protesters against Brazil’s president Bolsonaro have defied police in the capital after the latest round of arrests of the leader’s critics under a dictatorship-era national security law, which dates from 1983, as demonstrations in Brasília called for Bolsonaro’s impeachment due to his administration’s failings in the pandemic which has caused almost 290,000 deaths in Brazil
25 March 2021 Brazilians lament covid-19 devastation as critics decry Bolsonaro:
25 March 2021: Brazilians lament covid-19 devastation as critics decry Bolsonaro
29 May 2021: Brazil protesters denounce Bolsonaro over covid-19 crisis:
29 May 2021: Brazil protesters denounce Bolsonaro over covid-19 crisis, as he's facing a Senate inquiry into his government’s handling of the pandemic, which has killed more than 459,000 people in the South American nation, and as he has been widely criticised for downplaying the risks of the coronavirus and eschewing public health measures
3 July 2021 tens of thousands of demonstrators against Bolsonara hit the streets of Rio de Janeiro:
3 July 2021: Brazilians take to streets to demand removal of Jair Bolsonaro, as tens of thousands of demonstrators hit the streets of Rio de Janeiro on Saturday morning, and as calls for president’s impeachment grow amid claims government sought to profit from covid jabs
December 2021 protests against Brazil's president:
December 2021 workers of the Brazilian Internal Revenue Service protest against the president's decision to raise the salaries of the Federal Police. On the 31st of December, New Year's Eve, cacerolazos were registered in several cities such as Fortaleza, São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Recife and Brasília during the president's speech.
11 August 2022 Brazilians flocked to a law school in defence of the nation’s democratic institutions:
11 August 2022: Thousands of Brazilians flocked to a law school in defence of the nation’s democratic institutions, carrying echoes of an earlier gathering when citizens joined together at the same site of the University of Sao Paulo’s law school to denounce a brutal military dictatorship, listening to the reading of 'A Letter to Brazilians' manifesto, calling for a prompt return of the rule of law. Now in 21st century they heard declarations defending democracy and the country’s elections systems, which pro-fascist Jair Bolsonaro has repeatedly attacked.
12 August 2022 Brazilians take to the streets demanding fair elections in some of Brazil’s biggest cities:
12 August 2022: Brazilians take to the streets – demanding fair elections - in some of Brazil’s biggest cities against the current Bolsonaro administration, worried that upcoming elections won’t be fair. Brazilians will be choosing their next president in less than two months, now demanding that the current administration of Jair Bolsonaro accept the results of the October vote. The protests follow Bolsonaro’s latest calls to diplomats raising concerns about the country’s voting system and his now-famous quote from last year’s Independence Day in Brazil, saying 'only God will remove me from power'. For many Brazilians, the fears echo worries in the USA, namely that Bolsonaro might be following in Donald Trump’s footsteps, contesting votes even before elections have happened. The Brazilian president has also openly received praise from Trump supporters, and it’s safe to say that tensions are running higher every day.
7 September 2022 demonstrations planned across Brazil on 200th anniversary of country's independence:
30 August 2022: Events and demonstrations planned across Brazil September 7 on 200th anniversary of country's independence, as increased security is likely nationwide
-
7 September 2022: Severe weather forecast across parts of southeastern Brazil on 7 September with storms, heavy downpours, flooding, landslides, and disruptions possible
Society, demographics, culture and human rights in Brazil:
Brazilian society
-
Human rights in Brazil
Subdivisions, region and states of Brazil:
Brazil socio-geographic division
-
Brazil is geopolitically divided into five
regions
by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, each region is composed of three or more states
-
26 States
of Brazil
Largest cities in Brazil:
List of largest
cities
in Brazil
Amazonas state:
Amazonas state
of Brazil, located in the northwestern corner of the country, the largest Brazilian State by area and the 9th largest country subdivision in the world
Economy of Amazonas state:
Economy of Amazonas state, as the industrial sector is the largest component of GDP at 69.9%, followed by the service sector at 23.93% and its agriculture represents 3.6% of GDP in 2004
Amazon rainforest:
Amazon rainforest
September 2020 Amazon 'condemned to destruction' amid fires:
2 September 2020: Amazon 'condemned to destruction' as fires proliferate across Brazil
1 October 2020 Brazil's Amazon rainforest suffers worst fires in a decade:
1 October 2020: Fires in Brazil’s Amazon increased 13% in the first nine months of the year compared with a year ago, as the rainforest region experiences its worst rash of blazes in a decade, data from space research agency Inpe has shown, as satellites in September recorded 32,017 hotspots in the world’s largest rainforest, a 61% rise from the same month in 2019
14 July 2021 Amazon rainforest now emitting more CO2 than it absorbs:
14 July 2021: Amazon rainforest now emitting more CO2 than it absorbs, as cutting emissions more urgent than ever, say scientists, with forest producing more than a billion tonnes of carbon dioxide a year
11 August 2022 Amazon studies have shown the rainforest is approaching a tipping point:
11 August 2022: Amazon studies have shown the rainforest is approaching a tipping point, with profound implications for the global climate and biodiversity
ahead of the November 2022 UN Climate Change Conference COP27 in Sharm El Sheikh
Timeline of Amazon history:
Timeline of Amazon history, which dates back at least 11,000 years ago, when humans left indications of their presence in Caverna da Pedra Pintada
400 BC - 1600 AD Marajoara culture:
Marajò island, the site of an advanced pre-Columbian society, the Marajoara culture, which existed from approximately 400 BC to 1600 AD, as the island has later been a center of archaeological exploration and scholarship since the nineteenth century
1500 Portuguese Pedro Álvares Cabral landed at Porto Seguro:
In 1500 Portuguese Pedro Álvares Cabral landed at what is now Porto Seguro on the southern coast of Bahia, claiming the territory for Portugal, as in 1549, Portugal established the city of Salvador on a hill facing the Bay of All Saints, as the city and surrounding captaincy served as the administrative capital of Portugal's colonies in the Americas until 1763, remaining the religious capital of Brazil's Roman Catholic hierarchy
1835–1840 Cabanagem popular revolution and pro-separatist movement:
1835–1840 Cabanagem, a popular revolution and pro-separatist movement that occurred in the then-state of Grão-Pará, Empire of Brazil, as among the causes for this revolt were the extreme poverty of the Paraense people, oppression by the Empire of Brazil, and the political irrelevance to which the province was relegated after the independence of Brazil
1842 Prussian naval admiral visited the Xingu River:
1842 naval admiral Prince Adalbert of Prussia, who during the 1850s helped to establish the Prussian Navy, visited the Xingu River
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1884–1948 Prince Adalbert of Prussia, German empire's marine officer in World War I
1942-1945 during World War II second rubber battle:
1942-1945 during World War II second rubber battle as about 30,000 rubber workers died in the Amazon, after having exhausted their energies extracting the 'white gold'
January-February 2009 ninth World Social Forum in Belém:
January-February 2009 ninth World Social Forum in the city of Belém in the Amazon rainforest
24 January 2021 hospitals in Amazonas state overwhelmed after surge in infections linked to new coronavirus variant:
24 January 2021: Hospitals in Amazonas state overwhelmed after surge in infections linked to new coronavirus variant, leaving many without even the most basic supplies
7 June 2022 family of British journalist missing in Amazon urges action:
7 June 2022: The family of veteran British journalist Dom Phillips is urging more action be taken to find him after he went missing in the Brazilian Amazon, after he disappeared along with Brazilian indigenous expert Bruno Araújo Pereira in a remote rainforest area while researching a book. The two had received threats days before vanishing on Sunday morning, as Mr Phillips has written extensively about the threats facing the Amazon, including how cattle farming is fuelling an environmental crisis and how illegal gold miners encroach on indigenous territory.
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7 June 2022: Missing British journalist’s wife Alessandr Sampaio, whose husband Dom Phillips was last seen in the Amazon on Sunday, pleads with Brazil to find ‘love of my life’, making appeal in tearful video message
17 June 2022 remains of UK journalist Dom Phillips found and confirmed:
17 June 2022: The remains of one of the two bodies found in the remote Amazon rainforest are those of UK journalist Dom Phillips, Brazilian police can confirm, as Mr Phillips and Mr Pereira were first reported missing on 5 June and earlier this week a suspect confessed to burying the bodies
5–15 June 2022 murder of Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips in Atalaia do Norte:
5–15 June 2022 murder of Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips in Atalaia do Norte, Amazonas (wikipdedia article)
26 June 2022 murdered journalist Phillips laid to rest as Sian Phillips said my brother was killed telling the truth:
26 June 2022: The British journalist Dom Phillips has been laid to rest in Brazil, exactly three weeks after he was gunned down while journeying through the Amazon with the Indigenous expert Bruno Pereira. Their killings have sparked international outrage and highlighted the historic assault on Indigenous communities and the environment that has unfolded under Brazil’s far-right president, Jair Bolsonaro. The men’s bodies were recovered from the rainforest on 15 June, after a local fisher confessed to their murders, and returned to their families on Thursday. Scores of mourners gathered at a cemetery in Niterói, a city near Rio de Janeiro, on Sunday to pay their respects to Phillips, who had spent the past 15 years reporting on his adoptive South American home
Manaus city:
Manaus city
, the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Amazonas with an estimated 2018 population of 2,145,444 residents
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History of Manaus
Economy and since 1957/1960 'Free Economic Zone of Manaus':
Economy and 'Free Economic Zone' of Manaus since 1957/1960
Timeline of Manaus:
Timeline of Manaus since 1669
1669 Colonial Brazil's Portuguese 'Fort of São José da Barra do Rio Negro':
1669 Colonial Brazil's Portuguese 'Fort of São José da Barra do Rio Negro' built
April 1971 Brazilian Air Force crash:
28 April 1971 Brazilian Air Force's Douglas DC-6B registration FAB-2414 en route from Manaus to Rio de Janeiro forced to return to Manaus air force base established in 1970, as one of the right hand engines burst into flames, causing the death of 16 of the 83 occupants
Since January 2020 Brazil rainforest wildfires:
Since January 2020 Brazil rainforest wildfires
Amapá state:
Amapá state
, located in the northern region and the far northern part of Brazil, the second least populous state and the eighteenth largest by area
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Economy of Amapá state, as she service sector is the largest component of GDP at 87.6%, followed by the industrial sector at 7.8%, and agriculture represents 4.6% of GDP in 2004
Macapá city:
Macapá city
, the capital of Amapá state in the country's North Region, located on the northern channel of the Amazon River near its mouth on the Atlantic Ocean, with a population of 493,634 residents in 2018
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Economy of Macapá city
July 2019 gold miners invaded indigenous reserve:
28 July 2019: Dozens of gold miners have invaded a remote indigenous reserve in Amapá state in the Brazilian Amazon where a local leader was stabbed to death and have taken over a village after the community fled in fear, local politicians and indigenous leaders said
Pará state:
Pará state
of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Roraima. To the northwest are the borders of Guyana and Suriname, to the northeast of Pará is the Atlantic Ocean. The capital and largest city is Belém, which is located at the mouth of the Amazon. The state has a population of over 8.6 million, being the ninth-most populous state in Brazil. It is the second-largest state of Brazil in area, second only to Amazonas upriver. Its most famous icons are the Amazon River and the Amazon Rainforest. Pará produces rubber (extracted from natural rubber tree groves), cassava, açaí, pineapple, cocoa, black pepper, coconut, banana, tropical hardwoods such as mahogany, and minerals such as iron ore and bauxite. A new commodity crop is soy, cultivated in the region of Santarém. Parà state is responsible for just 2.2% of the Brazilian GDP.
20 May 2019 Belém massacre:
20 May 2019: A group of gunmen have killed 11 people in a bar in Brazil, according to media reports, as authorities appear unable to explain why seven attackers converged on bar in northern city of Belém and then started shooting
August 2019 Brazil wildfires and investigation:
26 August 2019: Federal prosecutors in the Amazon state of Pará have now launched an investigation why Brazilian environment agency ignored warnings that farmers and land-grabbers were planning day of coordinated fires
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2019 Brazil wildfires, revealed by the National Institute for Space Research INPE, releasing the information that at least 75,336 wildfires occurred in the country from January to 25 August 2019, as neighboring countries of Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay have also reported wildfire activity
September 2019 Amazon tribe patrols territory:
18 September 2019: Tembe Amazon tribe in Brazil's Alto Rio Guama Indigenous Reserve patrols territory, as homeland is officially protected but in reality under siege by loggers who try to extract prized hardwood in Para state that is one of the Amazon's largest producers and exporters of timber
Ceará state:
Ceará state
of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast and the eighth-largest Brazilian State by population and the 17th by area
January 2019:
6 January 2019: Attacks including fire-bombings that have swept across Brazil’s north-east state of Ceará have continued despite the deployment of at least 300 members of the elite National Public Security Force to help bring an end to days of violence in the region
Fortaleza:
Fortaleza, the state capital of Ceará, located in Northeastern Brazil and belonging to the Metropolitan mesoregion of Fortaleza and microregion of Fortaleza, according to the 2010 IBGE Census, there were 2,315,116 people residing in the city of Fortaleza
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Demographics of Fortaleza, with 1,403,292 Pardo (multiracial) people (57.2%), 901,816 White people (36.8%), 110,811 Black people (4.5%), 33,161 Asian people (1.4%), and 3,071 Amerindian people (0.1%) in 2010
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Timeline of Fortaleza
December 2018:
14 December 2018: A growing movement is demanding action to curb the soaring murder rate among young people in Fortaleza
January 2019:
24 January 2019: Since early January in Fortaleza Brazilian teenagers are caught in the middle of fighting, some paid by gangs to carry out attacks, as police arrest hundreds of suspects, a third of them minors, and kill at least six
February 2020 more than 50 murders in Ceará in two days:
22 février 2020: L'État brésilien de Ceara, où la police militaire s'est mutinée pour obtenir de meilleurs salaires, a enregistré 51 assassinats en deux jours, soit cinq fois plus que la moyenne quotidienne
Rio Grande do Norte state:
Rio Grande do Norte state
of Brazil located in the northeastern region of the country
2016:
3 August 2016: More than 1,000 Brazilian troops have been deployed in the northern state of Rio Grande do Norte after a wave of attacks by gang members overwhelmed police and forced a partial shutdown of schools and public transport
Pernambuco state:
Pernambuco state
of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.6 million people as of 2020, making it seventh-most populous state of Brazil, being the 19th-largest in area among federative units of the country, it is the sixth-most densely populated with around 89 people per km². Its capital and largest city, Recife, is one of the most important economic and urban hubs in the country. Based on 2019 estimates, the Recife Metropolitan Region is seventh-most populous in the country, and the second-largest in northeastern Brazil. In 2015, the state had 4.6% of the national population and produced 2.8% of the national GDP
27/28 May 2022 deadly Brazilian floods in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas:
On May 27 to 28, heavy rains in Recife and Zona da Mata, Pernambuco killed at least 35 people
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29 May 2022: At least 35 people have died amid heavy rainfall in north-eastern Brazil on Friday and Saturday, as downpours lashed two major cities on the Atlantic coast, in what is the South American nation’s fourth major flooding event in five months. In the state of Pernambuco, at least 33 people had died as of Saturday afternoon, as rains caused landslides that wiped away hillside urban neighbourhoods, and as authorities in the neighbouring state of Alagoas had registered two deaths, according to Brazil’s federal emergency service
Bahia state:
Bahia state
of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast and the 4th-largest Brazilian state by population and the 5th-largest by area. The state is crossed from west to east by many rivers, but the most important is the São Francisco, which starts in Minas Gerais and runs through western Bahia before emptying into the Atlantic between Sergipe and Alagoas. Formerly plied by paddlewheel steamers, the river is only navigable to small modern craft but is still vital to the arid west since it continuously supplies water during seasons when many other smaller rivers dry out. The Sobradinho Dam created one of the largest reservoirs in the world; other major hydroelectric projects along its length include the Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex and the Itaparica or Luiz Gonzaga Dam
Bahia's geographical region:
Bahia's geographical regions
comprise the Atlantic Forest, a maritime region radiating from the Bay of All Saints, the site of sugar and tobacco cultivation, and the Planalto, which includes the sertão region of Bahia's far interior. The state is crossed from north to south by the Diamantina Tableland, which divides it into two distinct geographical zones. To the east, the soil is fertile and the rain falls regularly. The western area is more arid and its predominate vegetation the cerrado
Since 1500 Portuguese colonial state in South America's Brazil, Bahia region:
Since 1500 Portuguese colonial state in South America's Brazil region, history, politics, demographics and timeline of the Bahia state
April 2017 Bahia leads Brazil's statistics of violent crimes and assassinations:
3/04/2017: Bahia lidera número de assassinatos no Brasil, indica pesquisa divulgada pelo Ministério da Justiça. Crime organizado, tráfico e ineficiência da Polícia são causas apontadas dos homicídios
18 November 2021 murder cases rising 11% in Bahia state in 2021:
18.11.2021: Homicídios aumentaram 11% na Bahia em 2021, aponta Monitor da Violência
27 December 2021 heavy rain, swollen rivers, dams burst, flooded towns, people moved from towns:
27 December 2021: After weeks of heavy rain overwhelming already swollen rivers, two dams in Brazil's Bahia state burst and flooded surrounding towns, as the rains have caused at least 18 deaths in Bahia since the beginning of November and thousands of people have been moved from some of the 67 towns facing further flooding, the BBC reports
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27 December 2021: Authorities reported already 18 deaths and 280 injure by Bahia's floods and rains, as - according to the authorities - there is a high risk of additional floods in Bahia since the heavy rains will continue at least until tomorrow 28 December, OCHA's reliefweb reports
29 December 2021 Bahia's heavy rain and flooding compared to a 'bombardment':
29 December 2021: As in southern Bahia, it has rained more than five times the normal amount for this time of the year, as a total of 116 cities in Brazil’s northeastern state of Bahia are in a state of emergency, Bahia governor Rui Costa compared the situation to a 'bombardment'
The 20 largest cities or towns in Bahia state:
The 20 largest cities or towns in Bahia state
Salvador port city, a center of Afro-Brazilian culture:
Salvador city
, the capital of the state of Bahia. With 2.9 million people in 2020, it is the largest city proper in the Northeast Region and the 4th largest city proper in the country, after São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Brasília. Founded by the Portuguese in 1549 as the first capital of Brazil, Salvador is one of the oldest colonial cities in the Americas. The city's cathedral is the see of the primate of Brazil, as Salvador was one of the first slave ports in the Americas and the African influence of the slaves' descendants makes it a center of Afro-Brazilian culture. Salvador also forms the heart of the Recôncavo, Bahia's rich agricultural and industrial maritime district, and continues to be a major Brazilian port. Its metropolitan area, housing 3,899,533 people in 2018 forms the wealthiest one in Brazil's Northeast Region in 2015
Economy of Salvador including fishing, oil and gas extraction:
Economy of Salvador, the 8th largest regional economy in Brazil, as the city's port has always played a key role. During much of the Portuguese colonial period it was Brazil's principal port, exporting sugar, cacao, and tobacco, and on the other hand receiving African slaves. The port and city play a critical role in the economy of Northeastern Brazil, today exporting cocoa, sisal, soybeans, and petrochemical products. Local industries include fishing, oil and gas extraction, cigar manufacture, a petrochemical complex at Camaçari, an oil refinery, and tourism. The Centro Industrial de Aratu, a planned industrial park, occupies a vast area around the Bay of Aratu and is home to over 100 industrial firms
Since 1502/1549 timeline of Salvador city:
Since 1502/1549 timeline of the history of the city of Salvador in Bahia state
21st century timeline of Salvador city:
21st century timeline of Salvador city
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List of mayors of Salvador, Bahia
Sergipe state:
Sergipe state
of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region along the Atlantic coast of the country. Sergipe is the smallest state in Brazil by geographical area, and borders Bahia to the south and west and Alagoas to the north. Aracaju is the capital and the largest city in the state, as the state is divided into 75 municipalities. The state has 1.1% of the Brazilian population and produces only 0.6% of the Brazilian GDP.
Umbaúba municipality in the Brazilian state of Sergipe:
Umbaúba municipality
located in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. Its population was 25,550 citizens in 2020. Umbaúba covers 118.86 km2 (45.89 sq mi) and has a population density of 210 inhabitants per square kilometer. The municipality is located 95 km from the state capital of Sergipe, Aracaju
27 May 2022 Brazilian man allegedly gassed to death in police car boot:
27 May 2022: The death of a black man who was forced into a police car boot where a gas grenade was set off has sparked outrage in Brazil. Police stopped Genivaldo de Jesus Santos in the street in the north-eastern city of Umbaúba in Sergipe state on Wednesday, as video footage showed two officers holding down the boot the man was in as thick smoke billowed from the car. An autopsy report on Thursday confirmed Mr Santos died of asphyxiation. Brazil's federal highway police said a disciplinary proceeding has been opened to investigate the officers' conduct. An investigation has also been opened by the federal police into the circumstances of Mr Santos' death
Mato Grosso state:
Mato Grosso state
of Brazil, the third largest by area, located in the western part of the country
Federal District:
Federal District
, one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region
Brasília city:
Brasília city
, the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District, located at the top of the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-western region
Timeline of Brasília since 20th century:
Timeline of Brasília since 20th century
Since 1962 University of Brasília:
Since 1962 University of Brasília
21 November 2020 protesters boycotted Carrefour shops in capital Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo:
21 November 2020: Protesters boycotted Carrefour shops in capital Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo, as demonstrators across several Brazilian cities protested the death of Black man Joao Alberto Silveira Freitas who died after being beaten by supermarket security guards in the city of Porto Alegre, on the Eve of Friday's Black Consciousness Day holiday
10 September 2021 over 5,000 indigenous women have marched through Brazilia to denounce historic assault on native lands:
10 September 2021: More than 5,000 indigenous women have marched through Brazil’s capital to denounce the historic assault on native lands they say is unfolding under the country’s Bolsonaro regime, as female representatives of more than 170 of Brazil’s 300-plus tribes have gathered in Brasília in recent days to oppose highly controversial attempts to strip back indigenous land rights and open their territories to mining operations and agribusiness
30 May 2023 South American summit:
30 May 2023 South American summit, organized and hosted by the government of Brazil 'to deal with the importance of seeking collective solutions in the name of a common destiny and to reposition the region as an important actor on the global stage'
Minas Gerais state:
Minas Gerais state
in the north of Southeastern Brazil, ranking as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product, and the fourth largest by area in the country
Economy of Minas Gerais:
Economy of Minas Gerais
January 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster:
25 January 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster, when a tailings dam in Brumadinho, owned by Vale, the same company which was involved in the 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster, suffered a catastrophic failure
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27 January 2019: Helicopters searched Saturday for survivors in a huge area in southeastern Brazil buried by mud from the collapse of dam holding back mine waste which has left at least 40 dead and some 300 missing
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27 January 2019: Fresh warning at Brazil mining site where dam collapsed
February 2019:
3 February 2019: Desperate search in toxic mud at Brazil's 'ground zero', as more than 220 people remain missing after an avalanche of liquid mining waste swept through the countryside of Minas Gerais
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6 February 2019: Brazilian dam workers say they warned of disaster
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8 February 2019: Brazilian mining firm Vale SA evacuates 500 people from dam area after Walm consultancy firm refused to issue a stability statement
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15 February 2019: Brazilian police have arrested eight employees of mining company Vale SA accused by state prosecutors of covering up weaknesses at its dam that collapsed and likely killed more than 300 people
March 2019:
23 March 2019: Brazilian mining giant Vale said that communities in the southeastern state of Minas Gerais had been ordered to evacuate after independent auditors found that one of its dams could collapse at any moment
26 January 2024 BHP and Vale ordered to pay $15bn in damages for 2015 Brazil dam collapse:
26 January 2024: A Brazilian judge has ruled that mining companies Vale and BHP and their joint venture Samarco must pay 47.6bn reais (AU$14.7 bn) in damages for a 2015 tailings dam burst. The dam collapse in the south-eastern city of Mariana caused a giant mudslide that killed 19 people and severely polluted the Rio Doce River, compromising the waterway to its outlet in the Atlantic Ocean. In the decision, federal judge Vinicius Cobucci wrote the amount was fixed, taking as a parameter the value of expenses already acknowledged by the companies in repair and compensation actions.
Rio de Janeiro state:
Rio de Janeiro state
, the second largest economy of Brazil
Rio de Janeiro city:
Rio de Janeiro city
, the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas
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History of Rio de Janeiro
Economy of Rio de Janeiro:
Economy of Rio de Janeiro, as the city possesses a robust and highly diversified economy, providing large-scale employment in heavy and light industry, manufacturing, commerce, finance, trade, and other service sectors
Timeline of Rio de Janeiro:
Timeline of Rio de Janeiro since 1565 CE
1808 Rio de Janeiro capital of UK of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves:
1808 Rio de Janeiro becomes capital of United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, a pluricontinental monarchy formed by the elevation of the Portuguese colony named State of Brazil 1815–1822/1825
Since 1902 Universidade Candido Mendes:
Since 1902 Universidade Candido Mendes, the oldest private university in Latin America, renamed to Escola Técnica de Comércio Cândido Mendes in the 1950s
Since 1920 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro:
Since 1920 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, a public university in the state of Rio de Janeiro, the largest federal university in the country and one of Brazilian centers of excellence in teaching and research
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Since 1950 Rio de Janeiro State University
2010-2013 Rio de Janeiro Security Crisis:
2010 Rio de Janeiro Security Crisis
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5 December 2012: Investigators in Rio arrest 63 police officers and 11 alleged drug traffickers in crackdown on corruption
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25 June 2013: Six civilians and one police officer died Tuesday during gunbattles in a Rio slum, police said
2016 deaths during the Olympics:
19 August 2016: While much attention was gained by USA swimmer Ryan Lochte’s fabricated account of an armed robbery, the real victims of Olympic crime in Rio de Janeiro are the city’s poorest residents, caught on the frontline of conflict between the authorities and drug traffickers, as at least 14 deaths in shootouts between gang members and police or soldiers are reported since the start of the Olympics
March 2018 assassination of human rights activist Marielle Franco:
14 March 2018 assassination of human rights activist Marielle Franco
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15 March 2018: City council member Marielle Franco, known for her social work in Brazil’s slums and who had accused police officers of using heavy-handed tactics, and her driver have been shot dead by two attackers on a downtown street in Rio de Janeiro in what appeared to be a targeted assassination
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18 March 2018: Brazil’s favelas mourn the death of black councillor Marielle Franco, as armed drug gang members in Rio openly patrolled behind a police base and as in Rio state 154 people were killed 'in opposition to police intervention' in January alone
January 2019:
23 January 2019: Two primary suspects in the murder of the Brazilian councilwoman and activist Marielle Franco previously received honors from senator-elect Flávio Bolsonaro, the son of president Jair Bolsonaro
March 2019 arrest of police officers over murder of Marielle Franco:
12 March 2019: Two former police officers have been arrested over of murder of the Rio de Janeiro councillor Marielle Franco, a critic of police violence against favela dwellers and a voice for the city’s disadvantaged, two days before the first anniversary of her assassination that sparked international outrage
25 April 2020 Rio's favelas count the cost of deadly covid-19:
25 April 2020: Rio's favelas count the cost as deadly spread of covid-19 hits city's poor
29 May 2020 police violence despite covid-19:
29 mai 2020: Pour les habitants des favelas de Rio de Janeiro, la pandémie du coronavirus a accru encore les violences policières, même lors de distributions de nourritures
May/June 2020 Brazilian protests against killing of African American George Floyd:
May/June 2020 Brazilian protests against killing of African American George Floyd, as thousands of people protested against racism in front of the Federal University of Paraná in Curitiba, as in São Paulo thousands protested against police brutality inflicted upon black Brazilians, and in Rio de Janeiro with protests also responding to the police killing of a black teenager
21 November 2020 'Black Lives Matter' protests erupt in Brazil after black man dies attacked by Carrefour guards:
21 November 2020: Protests erupt in Brazil after black man dies after being beaten outside supermarket, as João Alberto Silveira Freitas was allegedly attacked by security guards at a Carrefour store in the city of Porto Alegre on the eve of Black Consciousness Day, sparking outrage across Brazil amid videos of the incident circulating on social media
22 December 2020 Rio de Janeiro mayor arrested in corruption investigation:
22 December 2020: Police have arrested Rio de Janeiro’s outgoing mayor Marcelo Crivella, an ally of Brazil’s far-right president, Jair Bolsonaro, in an investigation into alleged corruption at city hall
18 April 2021 police killing hundreds in Rio de Janeiro despite court ban on favela raids:
18 April 2021: Nearly 800 people were killed by police in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro in the past nine months, as raids remain a terrifying routine for favela families – despite a supreme court ruling to halt incursions during the covid-19 pandemic
10 December 2021 missing boys tortured, killed for stealing bird, 'Red Command' drug faction accused, police said:
10 December 2021: Nearly a year after three young boys vanished near their homes in Rio de Janeiro’s rundown northern sprawl, police have accused members of the city’s largest drug faction 'Red Command' of murdering the children in reprisal for stealing an ornamental bird, as the boys Lucas, Alexandre and Fernando aged 9, 11 and 12, disappeared on the afternoon of 27 December 2020 after leaving their homes in the Morro do Castelar favela to play, last seen in serie security footage showing them walking towards a local street market
26 June 2022 murdered journalist Phillips laid to rest as Sian Phillips said my brother was killed telling the truth:
26 June 2022: The British journalist Dom Phillips has been laid to rest in Brazil, exactly three weeks after he was gunned down while journeying through the Amazon with the Indigenous expert Bruno Pereira. Their killings have sparked international outrage and highlighted the historic assault on Indigenous communities and the environment that has unfolded under Brazil’s far-right president, Jair Bolsonaro. The men’s bodies were recovered from the rainforest on 15 June, after a local fisher confessed to their murders, and returned to their families on Thursday. Scores of mourners gathered at a cemetery in Niterói, a city near Rio de Janeiro, on Sunday to pay their respects to Phillips, who had spent the past 15 years reporting on his adoptive South American home
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5–15 June 2022 murder of Bruno Pereira and Dom Phillips in Atalaia do Norte, Amazonas (wikipdedia article)
21 July 2022 at least 18 people dead in Brazilian police raid on Rio favelas:
21 July 2022: At least 18 people have been killed in a Brazilian police raid on a sprawling complex of favelas in Rio de Janeiro, as a law enforcement officer and a woman who lived in the area were among the 18 people who died in Complexo do Alemao while 16 others are believed to be members of organised crime groups, a police spokesperson said
6 September 2022 Drika remembers 'Team Brazil' and the '2014 Street Child United World Cup':
6 September 2022: In Rio de Janeiro the young woman Drika led Team Brazil to the 2014 Street Child United World Cup glory in 2014. She comes from Serra Caída, a small village in Sergipe located in the north of Brazil. Growing up with her grandparents in a small house, she did not have a lot of money. In September 2022, she tells 'Al Jazeera' journalists her story of how football inspired her and took her to a future she had never imagined. In 2022 Drika training a group of women from the community in Rio de Janeiro.
13 August 2023 Brazilians vow justice for 13-year-old boy shot by police:
13 August 2023: ‘The state is murderous’ Brazilians says, vowing justice for 13-year-old Thiago Menezes Flausino shot by police, who dreamed of becoming a footballer, and who was the ninth child to die in a shooting this year in Rio
Petrópolis city:
Petrópolis city
, is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil inside the Rio de Janeiro state located 68 kilometres northeast of the Rio de Janeiro city with 295,917 inhabitants in 2010 and the largest and most populous city in the Fluminense Mountain Region
History of Petrópolis city since colonial period:
Before colonial period, then until the 18th century, the region was inhabited by the índios coroados, which earned it the Portuguese name of 'Sertão dos Índios Coroados'. It was only with the discovery of gold in Minas Gerais and the consequent opening of the new way of the mines that passed through Petrópolis in that century that the region began to be occupied by non-Indians
Since 15 February 2022 deadly landslides wreak havoc in Brazil's Petrópolis:
February 2022 floods in Petrópolis since 15 February 2022, after Petrópolis received an unusually high amount rain within hours and as at least 104 people have died so far
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16 February 2022: At least 71 people have died in landslides and flash flooding in the Brazilian city of Petrópolis, as the city located in the mountains north of Rio de Janeiro was hit by torrential rainfall, as houses in hillside neighbourhoods were destroyed and cars swept away as floodwaters raced through the city's streets
São Paulo state:
São Paulo state
of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the richest Brazilian state and a major industrial complex, responsible for a third of Brazilian GDP
São Paulo city:
São Paulo
, a municipality in the southeast region of Brazil, the most populous city in Brazil, the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere and also the most wealthiest city in Brazil with strong international influences in commerce, finance and arts
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History of São Paulo
Economy of São Paulo:
Economy of São Paulo, the 10th richest city in the world with a gross domestic product in 2011 of R$450 billion and expected to be the 6th richest in 2025
Timeline of São Paulo since 16th century:
Timeline of São Paulo since 16th century
Since 1934 University of São Paulo:
Since 1934 University of São Paulo, a public university in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, the largest Brazilian public university and the country's most prestigious educational institution
May 2018 fire in São Paulo and city's dire housing crisis:
3 May 2018: Deadly fire in São Paulo squat sheds light on city's dire housing crisis, as thousands of people are living in precarious abandoned buildings due to the city’s unaffordable rents
May/June 2020 Brazilian 'Black Lives Matter' protests against killing of African American:
May/June 2020 Brazilian protests against killing of African American George Floyd, as thousands of people protested against racism in front of the Federal University of Paraná in Curitiba, as in São Paulo thousands protested against police brutality inflicted upon black Brazilians, and in Rio de Janeiro with protests also responding to the police killing of a black teenager
21 November 2020 protesters boycotted Carrefour shops in capital Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo:
21 November 2020: Protesters boycotted Carrefour shops in capital Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo, as demonstrators across several Brazilian cities protested the death of Black man Joao Alberto Silveira Freitas who died after being beaten by supermarket security guards in the city of Porto Alegre, on the Eve of Friday's Black Consciousness Day holiday
26 November 2020 city councillor in Sao Paulo termed Brazil as a racist country:
26 November 2020: Brazilian city councillor in Sao Paulo Erika Hilton has termed the South American country as a racist and LGBT-phobic country
9 October 2021 massive sandstorm smothers parts of São Paulo state triggered by drought:
9 October 2021: A sandstorm made by powerful winds whipping up dust from the ground has engulfed Barretos and surrounding towns north of the city of São Paulo. The storms were triggered by the worst drought to hit Brazil in nine decades, which depleted hydroelectric reservoirs, forcing the grid operator to fire up more expensive thermoelectric plants and the government to implement a 'water scarcity' power rate
Paraná state:
Paraná state
of Brazil, in the south of the country, bordered on the north by São Paulo state, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina state and the province of Misiones, Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraguay, with the Paraná River as its western boundary line. It is subdivided into
399 municipalities
, and its capital is the city of Curitiba. Other
major cities
are Londrina, Maringá, Ponta Grossa, Cascavel, São José dos Pinhais and Foz do Iguaçu. The state is home to 5.4% of the Brazilian population and has 6.2% of the Brazilian GDP
Curitiba city:
Curitiba city
, the capital and largest city in the Brazilian state of Paraná with a population of 1,948,626 citizens as of 2020, making it the eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in Brazil's South Region. The Curitiba Metropolitan area comprises 26 municipalities with a total population of over 3.2 million in 2010
-
Demographics of Curitiba city
Economy of Curitiba city:
Economy of Curitiba city
Timeline of Curitiba since 17th century:
Timeline of Curitiba since 17th century
Since 1912 Federal University of Paraná:
Since 1912 Federal University of Paraná, a public university headquartered in Curitiba in Paraná state
May/June 2020 Brazilian protests against killing of African American George Floyd:
May/June 2020 Brazilian protests against killing of African American George Floyd, as thousands of people protested against racism in front of the Federal University of Paraná in Curitiba, as in São Paulo thousands protested against police brutality inflicted upon black Brazilians, and in Rio de Janeiro with protests also responding to the police killing of a black teenager
21 November 2020 'Black Lives Matter' protests erupt in Brazil after black man dies attacked by Carrefour guards:
21 November 2020: Protests erupt in Brazil after black man dies after being beaten outside supermarket, as João Alberto Silveira Freitas was allegedly attacked by security guards at a Carrefour store in the city of Porto Alegre on the eve of Black Consciousness Day, sparking outrage across Brazil amid videos of the incident circulating on social media
-
Since the 1960s Brazil, Black Awareness Day or Black Consciousness Day, observed annually on November 20 as a day 'to celebrate a regained awareness by the black community about their great worth and contribution to the country', as Black Awareness Day has amplified its events in the last few years
Prudentópolis city:
Prudentópolis city
, a Brazilian municipality in the state of Paraná in Southern Brazil. As of 2020, it had a population of 52,513 people. It is the center of the Ukrainian community in Brazil. The Ukrainian city Ternopil is the sister city to Prudentópolis. Moreover, the town is surrounded by 100 waterfalls, which also attracts many tourists
Population of Prudentópolis with the largest population of Ukrainian descent in Brazil:
Population of Prudentópolis city, a Brazilian municipality in the state of Paraná in Southern Brazil. Nowadays, Prudentópolis is home to the largest population of Ukrainian descent in Brazil (75% of the municipality's inhabitants). Other ethnic groups that make up its population are Italians, Poles and Germans. The Ukrainian culture is still preserved by its inhabitants: the Ukrainian language is taught in local schools and used a liturgical language and there are typically Ukrainian constructions.
Since 1882 history of Prudentópolis:
History of Prudentópolis city, as in 1882, the project of the construction of roads in central Paraná attracted the first families to the region, also descending from bandeirantes and living on agriculture. As of 2020, it had a population of 52,513 people. It is the center of the Ukrainian community in Brazil. The Ukrainian city Ternopil is the sister city to Prudentópolis. Moreover, the town is surrounded by 100 waterfalls, which also attracts many tourists
Santa Catarina state:
Santa Catarina state
in the South Region of Brazil, the 11th most populous. Additionally, it is the 9th largest settlement, with 295 municipalities. The state, which has 3.4% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 3.8% of the Brazilian GDP. Santa Catarina is bordered by Paraná to the north, Rio Grande do Sul to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and to the west by the Argentine province of Misiones.
Santa Catarina state's largest cities or towns and demographics:
Demographics of Santa Catarina state and largest cities or towns, as the state's largest city is Joinville with an estimated population of 597,658 citizens in 2020, many of whom are of Portuguese, German, Swiss, Norwegian and Italian descent
Rio Grande do Sul state:
Rio Grande do Sul state
in the southern region of Brazil located in the southernmost part of the country, bordered clockwise by Santa Catarina to the north and northeast, the Uruguayan departments of Rocha, Treinta y Tres, Cerro Largo, Rivera and Artigas to the south and southwest, and the Argentine provinces of Corrientes and Misiones to the west and northwest, with its capital and largest city Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre city:
Porto Alegre city
, the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, with a population of 1,481,019 inhabitants in 2016
Economy of Porto Alegre:
Economy of Porto Alegre
Timeline of Porto Alegre since 18th century:
Timeline of Porto Alegre since 18th century
Since 1934 Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul:
Since 1934 Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, a Brazilian federal university based in Porto Alegre
19 November 2020 killing of João Alberto Freitas:
19 November 2020 killing of João Alberto Freitas, a 40-year-old black man killed in Porto Alegre, after being beaten to death by security guards at a Carrefour unit
-
Since the 1960s Brazil, Black Awareness Day or Black Consciousness Day, observed annually on November 20 as a day 'to celebrate a regained awareness by the black community about their great worth and contribution to the country', as Black Awareness Day has amplified its events in the last few years
21 November 2020 'Black Lives Matter' protests erupt in Brazil after black man dies attacked by Carrefour guards:
21 November 2020: Protests erupt in Brazil after black man dies after being beaten outside supermarket, as João Alberto Silveira Freitas was allegedly attacked by security guards at a Carrefour store in the city of Porto Alegre on the eve of Black Consciousness Day, sparking outrage across Brazil amid videos of the incident circulating on social media
24 November 2020 despite tear gas protests continue in Brazil after black killed by Carrefour guards:
24 November 2020: Brazilian police used tear gas and rubber bullets Monday to disperse protesters marching against the killing of black Silveira Freitas by white guards at a Carrefour supermarket, as several days of protest have erupted in Porto Alegre after video footage last week showed Silveira Freitas being punched in the face and head by a security guard while another guard held him, and as Monday's march occupied a street and interrupted traffic in front of a Carrefour branch in the city
Social issues in Brazil:
Social issues
in Brazil
-
Social apartheid in Brazil
-
Poverty in Brazil
Favelas in Brazil:
List of favelas in Brazil
-
Lista de favelas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro
-
Lista de favelas da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo
-
22 December 2013: Now taking World Cup bookings, Rio's slums
Demographics and ethnic groups in Brazil:
Demographics of Brazil
-
Ethnic groups
in Brazil
22 December 2023 mixed-race people become Brazil’s biggest population group:
22 December 2023:
Mixed-race Brazilians
are now the largest population group in the South American country, the latest census has revealed, as the number of people identifying as African-descended in Brazil continues to grow. New data from the 2022 census released shows that 92.1 million Brazilians identify as mixed-race, equivalent to 45.3% of the population. This is up from 43.1% in 2010, when the last census was carried out. The proportion of self-declared white Brazilians has fallen from 47.7% to 43.5%, or 88.2 million, while those labelling themselves as Black jumped to 10.2% of the population or 20.6 million from 7.6% 12 years earlier.
Indigenous peoples in Brazil:
Indigenous peoples in Brazil
- in the 2010 IBGE census, 817,000 Brazilians classified themselves as indigenous
-
List of indigenous peoples of
Brazil
-
Indigenous peoples of the Amazon
Since 1501 Slavery in Brazil:
Slavery in Brazil - as the enslavement of indigenous peoples continued well into the 17th and 18th centuries, an estimated 4.9 million slaves from Africa were brought by the Atlantic slave trade to Brazil during the period from 1501 to 1856
-
Genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil:
Genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil
2017/2018 Amazon discoveries of human activity and home to millions of people before Europeans arrived:
27 March 2018: Researchers say they have found new evidence that Amazon region was in fact a hive of human activity and home to millions of people, revealing details of 81 sites in the previously uncharted territory of the Amazon’s upper Tapajós Basin, with settlements ranging from small villages just 30m wide to a large site covering 19 hectares, and saying the new discoveries are helping to unpick what the Amazon would have been like
before Europeans arrived
1995-2018 survivor of illegal land grab since 1970s:
19 July 2018: After loggers, farmers and land grabbers murdered and expelled indigenous populations in the area in the 1970s and 1980s, a man, believed to be the only survivor of a group of six killed during an attack by farmers in 1995 and living alone in an Amazon forest for at least 22 years, monitored and now filmed by the indigenous agency Funai in the Amazon state of Rondônia
April 2020 Kokama tribe woman has contracted Chinese coronavirus:
2 April 2020: An indigenous 20-year-old woman from the Kokama tribe in a village deep in the Amazon rainforest has contracted the novel coronavirus, the first case reported among Brazil’s more than 300 tribes, indigenous health service Sesai has said, as 4 cases of pandemic confirmed in the same district, including a doctor
1 July 2021 legal loophole called Marco Temporal endangering Indigenous Peoples:
1 July 2021: Indigenous communities in danger of being erased from the map in Brazil, as - after living on and fighting for their lands for centuries - the rights of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil are endangered by a legal loophole called Marco Temporal that could legalize theft of their lands—unless the Brazilian Supreme Court stops it, and as Indigenous leader Eliseu Lopes says 'we were already on this land before Brazil was Brazil', according to 'Greenpeace'
Indigenous Territories:
Indigenous
Territories
2014 illegal invaders threatened Awá indigenous tribe:
6 January 2014: Brazilian authorities take steps to remove illegal invaders from the Amazon heartland of the threatened Awá indigenous tribe
-
7 January: Troops begin evicting ranchers and loggers from Maranhão state in eastern Amazon, home of endangered Awá tribal group
2015 illegal logging:
10 September 2015: With authorities ineffective, the 2,200-strong Ka’apor in the state of Maranhão are fighting against illegal logging in their territory, the 530,000-hectare Alto Turiaçu Indigenous Land
-
30 October 2015: Rangers, firefighters and indigenous communities are battling against a wildfire that has blazed for two months and devastated some of the last Amazonian forest in the northern state of Maranhão, suspected to have been started by illegal loggers and threatening uncontacted tribe
2016 indigenous communities in Brazil need to be given a bigger role in climate stabilisation:
2 November 2016: The world’s indigenous communities, particularly in Brazil, need to be given a bigger role in climate stabilisation, according to a new study that shows at least a quarter of forest carbon is stored on communal land
2017 Brazilian armed farmers attacked indigenous settlemen:
1 May 2017: Brazilian farmers armed with rifles and machetes in the municipality of Viana in Maranhão state have attacked an indigenous settlement, severing the hands and feet of some of their victims in what appears to be a brutal escalation of a territorial conflict
August 2019 Amazon fires:
29 August 2019: Fires have been reported in protected indigenous reserves of the Brazilian Amazon, raising fears that loggers and land grabbers have targeted these remote areas during the dramatic surge in blazes across the world’s biggest rainforest
September 2019 Amazon tribe patrols territory:
18 September 2019: Tembe Amazon tribe in Brazil's Alto Rio Guama Indigenous Reserve patrols territory, as homeland is officially protected but in reality under siege by loggers who try to extract prized hardwood in Para state that is one of the Amazon's largest producers and exporters of timber
November 2019 indigenous land defender killed by illegal loggers:
2 November 2019: Brazilian indigenous land defender Paulo Paulino Guajajara has been killed in an ambush by illegal loggers in Amazon Araribóia frontier region and indigenous territory in Maranhão, as another tribesman, Laércio Guajajara, was also shot and hospitalised
March 2020 indigenous people vulnerable to common diseases face a growing threat:
23 March 2020: As evangelical Christians use their influence with Brazil’s government to cast their net ever wider, indigenous people vulnerable to common diseases such as measles, flu, malaria and others, and now Covid-19, face a growing threat
10 April 2020 Alvanei Xirixana reportedly died after contracting covid-19:
10 April 2020: Yanomami teenager Alvanei Xirixana has reportedly died after contracting covid-19, further fuelling fears over the disease’s potential to decimate indigenous communities in the Amazon and vulnerable population at risk as wildcat miners in Amazon reserve suspected as source of infection that killed 15-year-old
27 June 2020 Yanomami members killed by illegal gold prospectors:
27 juin 2020: Deux hommes de l’ethnie Yanomami ont été tués par des chercheurs d’or illégaux au Brésil, a dénoncé vendredi une organisation de défense des droits des indigènes
27 May 2021 aerial photos reveal devastation by goldminers on indigenous land:
27 May 2021: Brazil aerial photos reveal devastation by goldminers on indigenous land, as about 20,000 prospectors operate illegally in Yanomami reserve near Venezuela border, say activists
Afro-Brazilian:
Afro-Brazilian
, 14,517,961 citizens according to the 2010 Census
-
Afro-Brazilian history
-
Slavery in Brazil - as the enslavement of indigenous peoples continued well into the 17th and 18th centuries, an estimated 4.9 million slaves from Africa were brought by the Atlantic slave trade to Brazil during the period from 1501 to 1856
-
'Casa grande' sugar plantation
-
Slave revolts in Brazil before 1835
-
January 1835 Malê Revolt - also known as The Great Revolt - is a significant slave rebellion in Brazil
-
13 May 1888 'Lei Áurea' abolished slavery in Brazil
2015 more than four million Africans were brought to Brazil as slaves:
17 November 2015: More than four million Africans were brought to Brazil as slaves but only Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua wrote down his story in Brazil's only slave memoir to be published in Portuguese for first time
Afro-Brazilian culture:
Afro-Brazilian culture
Since the 1960s Brazil, Black Awareness Day or Black Consciousness Day:
Since the 1960s Brazil, Black Awareness Day or Black Consciousness Day, observed annually on November 20 as a day 'to celebrate a regained awareness by the black community about their great worth and contribution to the country', as Black Awareness Day has amplified its events in the last few years
21 November 2020 'Black Lives Matter' protests erupt in Brazil after black man dies attacked by Carrefour guards:
21 November 2020: Protests erupt in Brazil after black man dies after being beaten outside supermarket, as João Alberto Silveira Freitas was allegedly attacked by security guards at a Carrefour store in the city of Porto Alegre on the eve of Black Consciousness Day, sparking outrage across Brazil amid videos of the incident circulating on social media
20 May 2023 Black Brazilians claim prime time as telenovelas finally reflect diversity:
20 May 2023: Black Brazilians claim prime time as telenovelas finally reflect diversity, after the underrepresentation of black Brazilians has remained an entrenched problem in a country which is still coming to terms with the erasure of its Afro-Brazilian past
History of the Jews in Brazil:
History of the Jews in Brazil - Jews started settling in Brazil ever since the Inquisition reached Portugal in the 16th century
2017:
14 March 2017: Female rabbi Fernanda Tomchinsky-Galanternik to lead Latin America's largest synagogue in Sao Paolo
Asian Brazilian:
Asian Brazilian
Brazilians:
Brazilians
are all people born in Brazil
-
Brazilian nationality law
Immigration to Brazil:
Immigration to Brazil
Culture and languages in Brazil:
Culture
of Brazil
-
Languages
of Brazil
-
Indigenous languages of Brazil
-
Tupian languages
-
Music of Brazil
Brazilian culture by ethnicity
Women and women's rights in Brazil:
Women in Brazil
-
Women's rights in Brazil
Women's police station
-
Violence against women in Brazil
Children and children’s rights in Brazil:
Children of Brazil
-
Children’s rights in Brazil
Education and education policy in Brazil:
Education in Brazil
-
Education policy in Brazil
Education in Brazil by state and by city:
Education in Brazil by state
-
Education in Brazil by city
Schools in Brazil:
Schools in Brazil
-
Schools in Brazil by city
Schools in Brasília:
Schools in Brasília
Schools in Rio de Janeiro:
Schools in Rio de Janeiro
Schools in São Paulo:
Schools in São Paulo
Schools in Recife:
Schools in Recife
-
Education in Recife
-
American School of Recife
March 2020 Saint Mary high school students display Nazi salute to support a classmate:
9 March 2020: Brazilian high school students at Saint Mary School, a private school in Brazil’s northeastern city of Recife, display Nazi salute to support a classmate
Universities and higher education in Brazil:
Universities and higher education in Brazil
-
List of universities in Brazil by state
Libraries in Brazil:
Libraries in Brazil
-
Libraries in Brazil by city
Museums in Brazil:
Museums in Brazil
-
List of museums in Brazil
-
Museums in Brazil by state
-
Museums in Brazil by city
National Museum of Brazil:
Since 1818 National Museum of Brazil, the oldest scientific institution of Brazil and one of the largest museums of natural history and anthropology in the Americas, located in Rio de Janeiro
September 2018 National Museum of Brazil fire:
2 September 2018 National Museum of Brazil fire
-
3 September 2018: A massive fire on Sunday ripped through Rio de Janeiro’s treasured National Museum
,
as Rio’s fire chief Robaday said the firefighters did not have enough water at first because two hydrants were dry
-
3 September 2018: Brazilians mourn museum's priceless collection
amid anger at funding cuts
Archives in Brazil:
Archives in Brazil
-
List of archives in Brazil
Health in Brazil:
Health in Brazil
Medical outbreaks in Brazil:
Medical outbreaks in Brazil
Since April 2009 swine flu pandemic in Brazil:
Since April 2009 swine flu pandemic in Brazil
2015/2016 Zika virus outbreak in Brazil:
Since April 2015 Zika virus outbreak in Brazil subsequently spread to other countries in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean
Since February 2020 covid-19 pandemic in Brazil:
Since February 2020 covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, after a 61-year-old man from São Paulo who had returned from Lombardy in Italy tested positive for the virus
-
2020 Pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil
Since January 2020 timeline of covid-19 pandemic in Brazil:
Since January 2020 timeline of covid-19 pandemic in Brazil
-
Confirmed covid-19 cases and deaths in Brazil by state
Since March 2020 Brazilian internal covid-19 'policy':
Since March 2020 Brazilian internal covid-19 policy, when president Bolsonaro has been criticized for his handling of the spreading crisis after he referred on 10 March to the pandemic as a 'fantasy' created by the media
10 April 2020 covid-19 kills native teenager:
10 de abril de 2020: Índio yanomami Alvanei Xirixana de 15 anos morre em Roraima após 6 dias na UTI
12 April 2020 Brazil reports 12,660 confirmed covid-19 cases and 1,223 deaths:
12 de abril de 2020: Brasil tem 1.223 mortes e 12.669 casos confirmados de coronavírus 'SARS-CoV-2', diz ministério
24 April 2020 Brazilian chloroquine study halted after high dose proved lethal for some patients:
24 April 2020: A Brazilian study investigating whether the anti-malaria drug chloroquine was effective in treating patients with covid-19 was halted on safety concerns, after a high dose of the drug proved lethal for some patients
25 April 2020 Brazil on the way to becoming a major covid-19 centre:
25 April 2020: Brazil on the way to becoming a major covid-19 centre, as nearly 53,000 cases and more than 3,600 deaths confirmed, as cases are overwhelming hospitals, morgues and cemeteries across Brazil, as medical officials in Rio de Janeiro and at least four other major cities have warned that their hospital systems are on the verge of collapse, or already too overwhelmed to take any more patients
12 May 2020 Brazil political crisis blocks fight against covid-19:
12 mai 2020: Les dissidences politiques entre le président d'extrême droite Jair Bolsonaro et les gouverneurs des États brésiliens empêchent l'établissement de véritables mesures sanitaires, les experts s'alarment
29 May 2020 police violence in Rio despite covid-19:
29 mai 2020: Pour les habitants des favelas de Rio de Janeiro, la pandémie du coronavirus a accru encore les violences policières, même lors de distributions de nourritures
-
29 mai 2020: Plus de mille personnes ont encore succombé au coronavirus aux États-Unis et au Brésil en 24 heures, sur un continent américain où la pandémie progresse toujours rapidement
31 May 2020 Latin America counts 50,000 deaths with Brazil alone accounting for half of those fatalities:
31 May 2020: As global covid-19 infections have passed the 6 million mark, Latin America hit the grim milestone of 50,000 deaths with Brazil alone accounting for half of those fatalities, and with at least 369,000 deaths confirmed worldwide since the pandemic began in China in January, and that number believed to be an underestimate
July 2020 spread of covid-19 and Brazilian meat plants:
15 July 2020: Brazilian meat plants helped spread covid-19 in at least three different places across the country as the virus continues to migrate from big cities to the country’s vast interior, according to experts, and as at the beginning of this week the country was second only to the USA with 1.88 million confirmed covid-19 cases and 72,833 deaths
7 April 2021 Brazil’s covid-19 catastrophe deepened further after more than 4,000 daily deaths:
7 April 2021: Brazil’s covid-19 catastrophe has deepened further after more than 4,000 daily deaths were reported for the first time since the outbreak began in February 2020, as at least 4,195 people were reported to have lost their lives on Tuesday, taking Brazil’s total death toll – the world’s second highest after the USA – to nearly 337,000, and as Brazil also reported 86,979 new infections
Healthcare in Brazil:
Healthcare in Brazil
is a constitutional right and is provided by both private and government institutions
-
Medical and health organisations based in Brazil
Hospitals in Brazil:
Hospitals in Brazil
-
List of hospitals in Brazil
-
Hospitais do Brasil por município
24 January 2021 hospitals in Amazonas state overwhelmed after surge in infections linked to new coronavirus variant:
24 January 2021: Hospitals in Amazonas state overwhelmed after surge in infections linked to new coronavirus variant, leaving many without even the most basic supplies
Sport in Brazil:
Sport in Brazil
Football in Brazil:
Football in Brazil
-
Women's football in Brazil
2013:
7 July 2013: Brazilian referee beheaded by spectators after he fatally stabs player in the town of Pio XII
-
3 May 2014: Brazil football fan killed in Recife at stadium
-
Brazilian federal development programme and investments for the 2014 World Cup
-
29. November 2013: Brasiliens WM-Stadien, Kostenexplosion, Zeitdruck und tote Bauarbeiter
-
15 December 2013: A 22-year-old construction worker fell to his death while working on the roof at the World Cup Manaus Arena
2014:
9 May 2014: Last-minute rush to complete World Cup stadiums claimed another life when construction worker Mohammad Ali was electrocuted at the Arena Pantanal
-
3 July 2014: At least two people die and 19 are injured after part of World Cup infrastructure plan in Belo Horizonte collapses
-
5 July 2014: Brazil’s bid to win a sixth World Cup suffers a devastating blow
after Brazil's Neymar kneed by Juan Zuniga in quarter-final breaking a bone in Neymar's back
August 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro:
August 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro
June-August 2016:
18 June 2016: 49 days before the opening of the Olympics, the governor of Rio de Janeiro has declared a state of financial emergency and begged for federal support to avoid a 'total collapse in public security, health, education, transport and environmental management'
-
21 June 2016: Rio's financial crisis reveals the moral bankruptcy of the Olympics
-
25 July 2016: Olympic officials admit more than half of Athletes Village unfinished as Australian team is refusing to use the Athletes Village until leaks and other problems are resolved
-
28 July 2016: Olympic organisers have put deadlines ahead of lives, resulting in the deaths of eleven construction workers, according to Rio de Janeiro’s chief inspector of labour conditions Raul Vital Brasil
-
1 August 2016: Olympic sailing ramp in Rio de Janeiro collapses
-
4 August: As Olympic flame arrives, local students and teachers reportedly take part in a demonstration, protesting against the heavy expenses Brazil had incurred while organizing the Summer Olympics
-
4 August 2016: Wada-commissioned lawyer Richard McLaren accuses IOC of misrepresenting his doping report and findings, which were never designed to prove individual doping cases, but is about state-sponsored systemic doping over a period of four years across the majority of Olympic sports, manipulation of results, swapping of samples, preparation of wash-up schemes
Since 5 August 2016:
5/6 August 2016: After a turbulent seven-year build-up dogged by recession, double-digit unemployment, drugs scandals, crime, a public health crisis caused by the Zika virus and infrastructure stumbles, a glittering Rio Olympics opening ceremony party
also includes the applause of dozens of more or less cynical or criminal persons in power of a planet in crisis and war, hosted near the Providência favela, which is home of one of the most powerful drug cartels in Rio
,
for boxers hit by corruption allegations
,
for Russians involved in the biggest-ever
doping scandal
,
and amid Assad regime's, Russian and Iranian war crimes against the Syrian people, now in the 6th year
-
Syrian Assad regime at the 2016 Rio Summer Olympics
-
Russian Putin regime at the 2016 Rio Summer Olympics
-
Iranian regime at the 2016 Rio Summer Olympics
-
Refugee Olympic Team serving as a fig leaf at the 2016 Rio Summer Olympics consisting of 10 competitors including 2 Syrian
-
6 August 2016: In the wake of the publication of Professor Richard McLaren’s report that revealed jaw-dropping details of systemic doping in Russia, the IPC provisionally suspended Russia from the Paralympics
-
10 août 2016: Le Comité organisateur des JO a reçu une décision judiciaire d'un juge fédéral 'qui interdit au comité organisateur de contrôler les manifestations à caractère politique sur les sites olympiques'
-
18 August 2016: The President of European Olympic Committees and Olympic Committee of Ireland Patrick Hickey arrested for illegal tickets sale in Rio de Janeiro, at least six more persons could be involved in the plot
September 2016 Summer Paralympics:
September 2016 Summer Paralympics
7 August 2016: The IPC suspends the Russian Paralympic Committee with immediate effect as a result of NPC Russia’s inability to fulfil its IPC membership responsibilities and obligations
-
23 August 2016: Russia banned from Paralympics due to 'inability to fulfil its responsibilities' over doping after losing appeal against doping exclusion, the court of arbitration for sport has announced
-
2 September 2016: Syrian swimmer Hussein, who sought asylum in Greece, selected as a member of the Greek Paralympic team in Rio Paralympics after losing his leg in an air strike
6 September 2022 Drika remembers 'Team Brazil' and the '2014 Street Child United World Cup':
6 September 2022: In Rio de Janeiro the young woman Drika led Team Brazil to the 2014 Street Child United World Cup glory in 2014. She comes from Serra Caída, a small village in Sergipe located in the north of Brazil. Growing up with her grandparents in a small house, she did not have a lot of money. In September 2022, she tells 'Al Jazeera' journalists her story of how football inspired her and took her to a future she had never imagined. In 2022 Drika training a group of women from the community in Rio de Janeiro.
Media in Brazil:
Media in Brazil
-
Media in Brazil by city
Brazilian journalism:
Brazilian journalism
2016:
2 October 2016: Brazil police arrest and attack journalists reporting on Rio evictions
Killed journalists in Brazil:
Killed journalists in Brazil
November 2015 CPJ calls on Brazilian authorities to investigate Diniz Barros' death amid wave of killings every year:
18 November 2015: The Committee to Protect Journalists CPJ calls on Brazilian authorities to investigate the death of blogger Ítalo Eduardo Diniz Barros, who often criticized local authorities in his blog and was shot in northern Brazil
-
26 November 2015: Second Brazilian blogger Roberto Lano shot dead after criticising politicians, as 23 journalists have been killed in Brazil in the seven years since 2008, 24 were imprisoned, 33 were victims of assault and 59 received threats
Newspapers in Brazil:
List of newspapers in Brazil
Television in Brazil:
Television in Brazil
20 May 2023 Black Brazilians claim prime time as telenovelas finally reflect diversity:
20 May 2023: Black Brazilians claim prime time as telenovelas finally reflect diversity, after the underrepresentation of black Brazilians has remained an entrenched problem in a country which is still coming to terms with the erasure of its Afro-Brazilian past
Internet in Brazil:
Internet
in Brazil
Crime in Brazil:
Crime in Brazil
Racism in Brazil:
Racism
in Brazil, a major issue ever since the colonial era and the slave era imposed by Portuguese settlers, which led to a persistent marginalization of the black population in the country
Since 1500 genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil:
Beginning with the Portuguese colonization of the Americas and Brazil since 1500, a process started that led to the
'depopulation' of the indigenous peoples
in Brazil, because of disease and violent treatment by European settlers, and their gradual replacement with colonists from Europe and slaves from Africa, described as a
genocide
, and continues into the modern era with the ongoing destruction of indigenous peoples of the Amazonian region
Slavery in Brazil:
Slavery
in Brazil, since colonists, dependent on indigenous labor during the initial phases of settlement to maintain the subsistence economy, often captured natives in expeditions
Since 16th century Portuguese colonization and enslavement of Indigenous peoples:
Portuguese colonization and enslavement of Indigenous peoples since 16th century
Since 16th century African slavery in Brazil:
Since 16th century African slavery became more common in Brazil, though the enslavement of indigenous people continued into the 17th and even the 18th century, as in the first 250 years after the colonization of the land roughly 70% of all immigrants to the colony were enslaved people
Antisemitism in Brazil since 16th century:
Antisemitism
in Brazil, since historians note actions of the inquisition against 'Crypto-Jews' in Brazil in 1591–93 in Bahia, 1593–95 in Pernambuco, around 1627 in the Southeast, and events in the following centuries
20th and 21th century antisemitism in Brazil:
20th century antisemitism in Brazil
March 2020 attackers assaulted and wounded Jewish man:
3 March 2020: Three attackers assaulted and wounded a kippa-wearing Jewish man walking on a street in Brazil while yelling anti-Semitic slurs, including 'Hitler should have killed more Jews'
19 June 2020 Brazilian pastor prays for second Holocaust:
19 June 2020: Brazilian pastor prays for second Holocaust to ‘destroy the Jews like vermin’, as in sermon at Rio de Janeiro church Tupirani da Hora Lores is joined by congregants in calling on God to ‘massacre the Jews, and as Jewish groups file police complaint
6 October 2021 Nazi insignia, images of Adolf Hitler, guns in possession of Holocaust denier found in Rio
:
6 October 2021: Rio’s civil police said they found more than 1,000 items at the home of an unnamed suspect, including Nazi uniforms, periodicals, paintings, Nazi insignia, images of Adolf Hitler, flags and medals of the Third Reich, also finding guns and ammunition from the era. The haul was discovered after police went to the man’s home to serve an arrest warrant on suspicions he had raped a minor and abused other children in his condominium in the west of the city. The suspect was also charged with illegal possession of a weapon and racial discrimination, as police said 'he is a smart guy and articulate, but he’s a Holocaust denier'
1964-1985 Brazilian military government and aftermath:
Brazilian military government 1964-1985
-
Since 1964 'Departamento de Operações de Informações', the Brazilian intelligence and repression agency during the military government, starting in March 1964 with the removal of the civilian government by military forces, responsible for suppressing internal dissent against the regime and acting as a political police, using torture and other counter-insurgency methods
-
13 December 1968 'Institucional Número Cinco' (Institutional Act Number Five), the fifth of seventeen major decrees issued by the military dictatorship following the 1964 coup d'état in Brazil, resulting in the forfeiture of mandates, in ordered interventions in municipalities and states and also in the suspension of any constitutional guarantees which eventually resulted in the institutionalization of the
torture commonly used as a tool by the state
2011/2012:
14 mars 2011: Les premières poursuites pénales lancées mercredi au Brésil pour des crimes commis sous la dictature 1964-1985 font renaître l'espoir au sein des familles des victimes
-
16 March 2012: A Brazilian federal judge has blocked a move to try a retired army colonel for abuses allegedly committed during the country's military dictatorship
2012/2013-2014 Brazilian 'National Truth Commission':
2012/2013-2014 Brazilian 'National Truth Commission', originally planned to investigate
human rights violations during the military dictatorship of 1964–1985
, investigated violations from the period of 1946–1988
April 2014:
26 April 2014: Brazilian former army colonel who admitted torturing and killing political prisoners under military rule up to the 1980s, but never regretted his actions, has been found dead
December 2014 Brazil dictatorship probe urges prosecuting military:
10 December 2014: Brazil’s National Truth Commission delivers a damning report on the killings, disappearances and torture committed by government agents during the 1964-1985 military dictatorship, calling for those responsible to face prosecution
-
10 December 2014: After a nearly three-year study, the truth commission confirmed that 191 people were killed and 243 'disappeared' under military rule, which lasted from 1964 to 1985, more than 200 have never been found
-
10 December 2014: Brazil dictatorship probe urges prosecuting military, companies
-
12 December 2018: Brazil's torture report brings President Dilma Rousseff to tears
May 2018:
11 May 2018: Brazil’s former dictator Ernesto Geisel since 1974 personally approved the summary execution of his regime’s perceived enemies, according to a newly unearthed CIA memo that has reopened a bitter debate over one of the darkest chapters of contemporary Brazilian history
October 2018 Brazil’s dictatorship praised by Bolsonaro:
22 October 2018: After Brazil never put military officials on trial and with the country poised to elect a dictator-praising, pro-torture populist in 2018, old wounds have been ripped open and survivors of Brazil’s dictatorship fear Bolsonaro
Forced disappearances in Brazil:
Forced disappearances in Brazil
1912-1973 Maurício Grabois and struggle to overthrow the military regime:
1912-1973 Maurício Grabois, a Brazilian politician of Jewish descent, founder of the modern Communist Party of Brazil, one of its leaders who became a proponent of armed struggle to overthrow the military regime, until his forced disappearance in 1973 and death
March 2020: Rise in 'forced disappearance':
22 March 2020: Rise in 'forced disappearance' preys on Brazil's young men of colour
Murder in Brazil:
Murder in Brazil
-
List of Brazilian states by murder rate
August 2018 Brazil broke its own record for homicides in 2017:
9 August 2018: Brazil broke its own record for homicides in 2017 with 63,880 people were killed, a 3% increase from the previous year, an average of 14 people died at the hands of police officers every day, an increase of 20% from the previous year, and rapes also rose 8% to 60,018, while murders of women increased 6.1% to 4,539
January-November 2021 gunfights, killed and murdered people in Brazil by state, city, community:
Estatísticas 01/01/2021 a 30/11/2021 'Tiroteios Por Mês', 'Mortos Por Mês', 'Feridos Por Mês', 'Tiroteios Por Região', 'Mortos Por Região', 'Tiroteios Por Município', 'Mortos Por Município'
10 December 2021 boys tortured, killed by Rio's drug faction revealing 'a society that has succumbed to barbarism':
10 December 2021: Nearly a year after three young boys vanished near their homes in Rio de Janeiro’s rundown northern sprawl, police have accused members of the city’s largest drug faction 'Red Command' of murdering the children in reprisal for stealing an ornamental bird, as the boys Lucas, Alexandre and Fernando aged 9, 11 and 12, disappeared on the afternoon of 27 December 2020 after leaving their homes in the Morro do Castelar favela to play, last seen in serie security footage showing them walking towards a local street market. Police claim one local trafficker, Ana Paula da Rosa Costa or 'Auntie Paula', had arranged for the children’s corpses to be smuggled out of the favela, dismembered and thrown in a river. Flávia Oliveira, a prominent political and social commentator, told the GloboNews TV network that the killings, and their brutal aftermath, revealed 'a society that has succumbed to barbarism'.
Deaths by firearm in Brazil:
Deaths by firearm
in Brazil
-
People shot dead by law enforcement officers in Brazil
Killed environmentalists and human rights activists in Brazil:
August 2015 448 environmentalists murdered in ten years:
27 August 2015: Between 2002 and 2013, at least 448
environmentalists
were
killed
in Brazil, according to Global Witness
October 2016 Luiz Alberto Araújo assassinated:
24 October 2016: Murder of Brazil official marks new low in war on Amazon environmentalists as Luiz Alberto Araújo, a local government official in Pará state, was gunned down in front of his family
March 2017 land rights activist Waldomiro Costa Pereira assassinated:
21 March 2017: 5 armed men have burst into the hospital in Parauapebas in the Brazilian Amazon, surrounded security guards and shot dead prominent land rights activist Waldomiro Costa Pereira, in the latest deadly attack on land campaigners, as Brazil saw 61 killings of land rights campaigners last year
September 2019 Maxciel Pereira dos Santos assassinated:
9 septembre 2019: Brésilien Maxciel Pereira dos Santos qui œuvrait dans la défense des peuples autochtones en Amazonie a été tué par balles, a annoncé lundi l'organisme public chargé des affaires indigènes, pour lequel la victime travaillait occasionnellement
Since 1988 list of massacres in Brazil:
List of
massacres in Brazil
since 1988
1992/2013:
Carandiru massacre 2 october 1992
-
21 April 2013: Twenty-three Brazilian police officers were sentenced to 156 years in jail each for their role in the killing of 111 inmates during Brazil's deadliest prison uprising in 1992
2011-2013:
13 August 2011: Brazil judge Patricia Acioli shot dead in Niteroi
-
20 July: 'Survival International' urges Brazil to punish those behind tribal murders
January 2013 Kiss nightclub fire
-
28 January 2013: A fast-moving fire in a windowless nightclub in Santa Maria, filling the air in seconds with flames and a toxic smoke, killed more than 230 panicked partygoers
28 March 2013: Doctor de Souza charged with killing seven terminally ill patients will also be investigated for deaths of 300 other patients
October 2013 killing of five landless farmworkers in 2004:
12 October 2013: A ranch owner has been sentenced to more than 100 years in jail for ordering and taking part in the 2004 killing of five landless farmworkers
August 2015 São Paulo gun violence:
14 August 2015: At least 19 people were shot to death within the span of about three hours in São Paulo
20 May 2019 Belém massacre:
20 May 2019: A group of gunmen have killed 11 people in a bar in Brazil, according to media reports, as authorities appear unable to explain why seven attackers converged on bar in northern city of Belém and then started shooting
2010 Rio de Janeiro Security Crisis:
2010 Rio de Janeiro Security Crisis
-
5 December 2012: Investigators in Rio arrest 63 police officers and 11 alleged drug traffickers in crackdown on corruption
-
25 June 2013: Six civilians and one police officer died Tuesday during gunbattles in a Rio slum, police said
October 2017:
20 October 2017 Goyases School shooting, as a student of the private school Goyases, in the Brazilian Goiás state capital Goiânia, opened fire against his classmates, leaving two dead, and four injured, claimed been inspired for the Columbine school shooting on Colorado and the Realengo school shooting
Police brutality in Brazil:
Police brutality in Brazil
1993 massacres:
23 July 1993 Candelária massacre, eight street children were killed when policemen shot at a group of about seventy street children as they slept beside the Candelária church
-
29 August 1993 Vigário Geral massacre, a supposed death squad of policeman retaliated the killings of 4 officers by drug traffickers at the Vigário Geral favela in Rio de Janeiro, resulting in 21 innocent people dead, including a 15-year-old girl
2005:
2 April 2005: Gunmen believed to be rogue policemen killed at least 30 people - men, women and children - in a shooting spree in Rio de Janeiro's suburb Baixada Fluminense
2015:
3 August 2015: Military police in Rio de Janeiro killed 1,519 residents in past 5 years, according to a rights group's report, which says that extrajudicial executions are claiming a disproportionate number of lives in a generation of young, poor and mostly black men
2016:
2 October 2016: Brazil police arrest and attack journalists reporting on Rio evictions
Terrorism in Brazil:
Terrorism in
Brazil
-
Organized crime in Brazil
2006:
May-July 2006 São Paulo violence outbreak, directed by Brazilian gangs against security forces and a few civilian targets, spreading to other Brazilian states including Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Bahia
2012:
In 2012 a wave of violence in Sao Paulo killed upwards of 100 people including many police officers allegedly following the breakdown of an informal truce between the 'Primeiro Comando da Capital' gang and the police
Corruption in Brazil:
Corruption
in Brazil
Since 2004 Mensalão scandal:
Since 2004 Mensalão scandal
2011:
18 August 2011: Amid corruption scandal the fourth Brazilian minister (agriculture minister Rossi) resigns
-
15. September 2011: Weiterer Rücktritt in Brasiliens Regierung wegen Korruption - Tourismusminister
-
5 December: Brazil Labour Minister Carlos Lupi is the seventh minister to resign amid scandals over alleged corruption
2012:
2 February 2012: Brazilian minister Negromonte resigns over 'corruption'
-
25. Juli 2012: Unter den Angeklagten im Prozess zum Mensalão-Skandal frühere Parteifunktionäre, Abgeordnete, Unternehmer sowie der Kabinettschef des damaligen Präsidenten Lula da Silva
-
3 August: Brazil's highest-profile corruption scandal trial has begun with dozens of former officials facing vote-buying charges
-
30. August 2012: Erste Schuldsprüche im Prozess zum Mensalão-Skandal u.a. gegen João Paulo Cunha
-
2. Oktober 2012: Weitere zwölf Politiker aus der Regierungszeit des früheren Präsidenten Lula da Silva der Bestechlichkeit schuldig gesprochen
-
4 October: Brazil Mensalao trial - Lula aide 'led corruption scheme'
-
10 October: Three aides of former president Lula convicted of fraud in relation to a vote-buying scheme in Congress
-
25 November: President Dilma Rousseff has dismissed a number of senior officials accused of involvement in the latest corruption scandal to hit the government
-
4 December: Dozens of Rio policemen held over drug lords' bribes
Since 2014 Operação Lava Jato:
'Operação Lava Jato' federal investigation since March 2014 of money laundering investigation and corruption at the state-controlled oil company Petrobras, where it is alleged that executives accepted bribes in return for awarding contracts to construction firms at inflated prices
2015:
7 March 2015: Politicians face investigation in Brazil's biggest ever corruption scandal after court approved inquiry over kickbacks from the state-owned oil company Petrobras
-
28 March: Dozens of Brazilian firms, including industrial companies and banks, are under investigation amid allegations they paid US$5.9 bln in bribes to tax officials, police says
-
16 April: Brazil Workers' Party treasurer arrested in Petrobras corruption investigation
-
6 August 2015: Two former executives of Brazilian construction giant OAS Pinheiro and Medeiros sentenced to 16 years in jail for corruption, money laundering and conspiracy to commit crimes
-
18 August 2015: Nestor Cervero, former international chief of state-run oil firm Petrobras, sentenced to just over 12 years in prison for corruption and money laundering related to a bribe allegedly paid to the speaker of Brazil’s lower house of congress
-
26 November 2015: As part of Petrobras corruption scandal and investigation, Brazilian police arrest the ruling party’s leader in the senate Amaral, who runs the senate’s economic affairs committee, and the head of Latin America’s biggest independent investment bank Esteves
2016:
4 March 2016: Brazilian police detain former president Lula in Petrobas corruption inquiry
-
4 April 2016: Politicians from seven parties in Brazil were named as clients of Panama-based Mossack Fonseca law firm at the center of 'Panama Papers' massive data leak over possible tax evasion and white-collar crimes
,
but no politicians from Rousseff's Workers' Party were mentioned in the leaks, although it included at least 57 people or companies that had already been under investigation in Brazil for alleged involvement in the far-reaching graft scheme at state-run oil firm Petrobas
-
26 août 2016: L'ancien président Lula, qui trempe dans des affaires de corruption et de blanchiment d'argent, a été officiellement inculpé
-
21 September 2016: Brazil's ex-president Lula to stand trial for corruption in bribery scandal
2017:
30 janvier 2017: L'ex-homme le plus riche du Brésil Eike Batista, considéré comme fugitif, recherché dans le cadre du scandale de corruption Petrobras, affirme qu'il va se livrer à la justice
-
11 February 2017: Brazil’s corruption scandal spreads across South America, as the workings of a secret 'bribery department' at the Brazilian construction conglomerate Odebrecht that suborned government officials around the world for years are being exposed by investigators
-
17 février 2017: Les procureurs généraux de 11 pays se sont engagés jeudi à créer des équipes de travail communes pour coordonner leurs enquêtes sur le scandale de corruption d'Odebrecht, le groupe de BTP brésilien
-
12 avril 2017: La Cour suprême du Brésil a donné son feu vert aux enquêtes pour corruption visant entre autres neuf ministres du gouvernement Temer
-
23 May 2017: Tadeu Filippelli, a former vice-governor of the capital, cabinet adviser and close aide of president Temer in World Cup scheme, was among three senior politicians detained in Brazil’s latest corruption scandal
-
21 June 2017: Brazil’s federal police has said that investigators have found evidence the president Temer received bribes to help businesses
-
12 July 2017: Brazil's ex-president Lula sentenced to nearly 10 years in prison after being found guilty on corruption and money-laundering charges, linked to oil giant Petrobras scandal
March/April 2018:
8 mars 2018: L'ex-directeur général du groupe brésilien Petrobras et de la banque publique Banco do Brasil, Aldemir Bendine, a été condamné mercredi à 11 ans de prison pour 'corruption passive et blanchiment d'argent'
-
6 avril 2018: Le juge anticorruption Sergio Moro a ordonné l'incarcération de l'ex-président brésilien Lula, qui a jusqu'à minuit ce vendredi pour se présenter à la police
December 2018:
13 December 2018: Brazil prosecutors allege Vitol, Glencore, Trafigura and Mercuria along with several small firms collectively paid at least $31 million in bribes over a six-year period to Petrobras insiders to secure oil deals at advantageous prices, saying what they have uncovered so far is the 'tip of the iceberg'
-
20 December 2018: Brazil’s state-run oil company Petrobbras has suspended all oil and fuel trading with
Trafigura AG
and
Glencore PLC
March 2019:
21 March 2019: Brazil’s former president Michel Temer, who played a key role in the 2016 impeachment of his rival Dilma Rousseff, has been arrested by federal police in corruption investigation
22 December 2020 Rio de Janeiro mayor arrested in corruption investigation:
22 December 2020: Police have arrested Rio de Janeiro’s outgoing mayor Marcelo Crivella, an ally of Brazil’s far-right president, Jair Bolsonaro, in an investigation into alleged corruption at city hall
Sport and corruption in Brazil:
August 2011:
14 August 2011:
Corruption
threatens
Brazil's Olympics
and
World Cup
July 2012:
12 July 2012: Joao Havelange, former head of Brazil's football governing body, and Ricardo Teixeira received kickbacks totalling $22m, dossier reveals
-
13. Juli 2012: Blatter wusste von Schmiergeldzahlungen
2014 World Cup in Brazil and international FIFA corruption crisis:
2014 World Cup in Brazil and international FIFA corruption crisis
-
USA's FBI inquiry in 2015 international FIFA corruption crisis:
4 June 2015: USA's FBI inquiry in 2015 international FIFA corruption crisis now includes 2014 Brazil World Cup
Drugs and illegal drug trade in Brazil:
Drugs in Brazil
-
Illegal drug trade in Brazil
Organized crime in Brazil:
Organized crime
in Brazil
4 November 2020 Bolsonaro’s son accused of financial crimes and directing a 'criminal organisation':
4 November 2020: Jair Bolsonaro’s eldest son has been formally accused of embezzlement, money laundering, misappropriation of funds and directing a 'criminal organisation' as sleaze allegations continue to swirl around the family of Brazil’s far-right president
Human trafficking in Brazil:
Human trafficking in Brazil
International child abduction in Brazil:
International child abduction in Brazil
Domestic violence in Brazil:
Domestic violence
in Brazil
Violence against women in Brazil:
Violence against women
in Brazil
2017/2018:
10 février 2018: Une femme sur trois de plus de 16 ans a déclaré avoir été au cours de l'année écoulée victime de violence physique, verbale ou psychologique, selon un sondage de Datafolha publié en 2017
August 2018:
25 août 2018: Plus de 1000 personnes suspectées d'avoir commis ou planifié des homicides, dont des féminicides, et d'autres délits ont été arrêtées vendredi dans tout le Brésil, dans le cadre d'une opération nationale notamment contre les crimes visant les femmes
Man-made disasters in Brazil:
Man-made disasters in Brazil
-
Disasters in Brazil
February 1984 'Vila Parisi favela' industrial oil spill fire:
25 February 1984 'Vila Parisi favela' industrial oil spill fire in Cubatão, when 700,000 liters of gas were released, 1,000 homes were destroyed, and 100 people died
January 2012 collapse of Rio de Janeiro buildings:
25 January 2012 collapse of Rio de Janeiro buildings
July 2014 Belo Horizonte overpass collapse:
3 July 2014 Belo Horizonte overpass collapse, as construction project was part of infrastructure meant to prepare for the 2014 FIFA World Cup
November 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster:
5 November 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster
January 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster:
25 January 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster, when a tailings dam in Brumadinho, owned by Vale, the same company which was involved in the 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster, suffered a catastrophic failure
-
29 January 2019: 3 employees of the Brazilian mining company Vale SA and 2 other engineers working on behalf of the company have been arrested, Minas Gerais and São Paulo state prosecutors say
March 2019:
3 March 2019: Brazilian iron ore mining firm Vale's Fabio Schvartsman and other executives have resigned, following growing public and political anger over the collapse of its dam in which at least 186 people died, and after claims firm knew dam was unstable
17 September 2019 Amazon deforestation driven by criminal networks:
17 September 2019: Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is a lucrative business largely driven by criminal networks that threaten and attack government officials, forest defenders and indigenous people who try to stop them, according to a new report by Human Rights Watch
October/November 2019 oil apill:
1 November 2019: A Greek-flagged ship carrying Venezuelan crude was the source of an oil spill which has tarred thousands of kilometers of coastline over the past two months, Brazilian investigators said
Illegal logging and deforestation in Brazil:
Illegal logging
and deforestation in Brazil, as 60-80% of all logging in Brazil is estimated to be illegal, and most illegal logging companies are international companies that don't replant the trees
2017:
26 January 2017: Since 1978 over 750,000 square kilometers of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed across Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana, as by the 2000s more than three-quarters of forest clearing in the Amazon was for cattle-ranching
Illegal mining and environmental impact of mining in Brazil:
Environmental impact of mining
in Brazil
December 2018:
10 December 2018: An epidemic of illegal artisanal mining across the Amazon rainforest has been revealed in an unprecedented new map released by campaigners, pinpointing 2,312 sites in 245 areas across six Amazon countries
Arson in Brazil and fires in the rainforest:
Arson
in Brazil
July 2012:
27 July 2012: Rainforests are increasingly susceptible to forest fires today due to degradation from selective logging, fragmentation, and agricultural activities, as today most rainforest fires originate in nearby pasturelands and agricultural fields where fires are used for land clearing and crop maintenance
October 2017:
24 octobre 2017: Un incendie qui serait d'origine criminelle a ravagé une surface de quelque 54'000 hectares du parc national de Chapada dos Veadeiros, dans l'Etat de Goias situé dans le centre du Brésil
January-August 2019 Brazil wildfires:
2019 Brazil wildfires, revealed by the National Institute for Space Research INPE, releasing the information that at least 75,336 wildfires occurred in the country from January to 25 August 2019, as neighboring countries of Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay have also reported wildfire activity
-
26 August 2019: Federal prosecutors in the Amazon state of Pará have now launched an investigation why Brazilian environment agency ignored warnings that farmers and land-grabbers were planning day of coordinated fires
September 2019:
1 septembre 2019: Les incendies au Brésil poursuivaient leur progression samedi, notamment en Amazonie, malgré la mobilisation de l'armée
Law and legal history of Brazil:
Law of Brazil
-
Constitution of Brazil
-
Brazilian public law
-
Legal history of Brazil
Judiciary of Brazil:
Judiciary
of Brazil
Courts system in Brazil:
Courts system in Brazil
May 2017:
22/05/2017: Mãe é condenada a pena maior que de réus da Lava Jato por roubar ovos de Páscoa
-
23 May 2017: Brazil shocked by revelations that a poor mother who stole an Easter egg for her children was condemned to a harsher jail sentence than corporate executives and politicians who cheated the public of millions of dollars
March 2019 judge rules against Bolsonaro's coup celebration:
30 March 2019: Bolsonaro's coup celebration barred by judge Ivani Silva da Luz, saying the event celebrating the 55th anniversary of the coup was not 'compatible with the process of democratic reconstruction' and that commemorative dates must be approved by the country's Congress
Supreme federal court of Brazil:
Supreme Federal Court of Brazil, serving primarily as the Constitutional Court of the country
2015 Brazilian supreme court bans corporate donations to candidates and parties:
18 September 2015: Amid massive corruption scandal which has tarnished Brazil’s political class and driven the president to the brink of impeachment, Brazilian supreme court bans corporate donations to candidates and parties in future elections
2017 Brazilian supreme court has ruled in favour of two tribes:
17 August 2017: Brazilian supreme court has ruled in favour of two tribes settling a dispute over land traditionally occupied by indigenous people and ordering the authorities to respect the demarcation of land
2018:
5 avril 2018: Feu vert à l'incarcération de Lula, selon une décision de la Cour suprême du Brésil
24 March 2021 Lula judge was biased, Brazil supreme court rules:
24 March 2021: Lula judge was biased, Brazil supreme court rules, paving way to challenge Bolsonaro, as former president’s vindication could prove a precedent for other high-profile politicians and business leaders in prison
Law enforcement in Brazil:
Law enforcement
in Brazil
-
Military Police Brazil, responsible for maintaining public order across the country - 450,000 active personnel
-
Federal Police Department, responsible for crimes against federal institutions, international drug trafficking, terrorism, cyber-crime, organized crime, public corruption, white-collar crime, money laundering, immigration, border control, airport security and maritime policing
2017:
9 February 2017: Brazil’s south-eastern state of Espirito Santo has turned over security duties to the army as it tries to solve a police crisis that has led to a wave of violence and at least 100 deaths
Prisons in Brazil:
Prisons in Brazil
May 2019 prison killings:
28 May 2019: 42 inmates have been killed at three different prisons in the capital of Brazil’s northern Amazonas state, a day after 15 died during fighting among prisoners at a fourth prison in the same city
July 2019 prison gang battle:
29 July 2019: At least 57 people have been killed in a gruesome gang battle that broke out in a prison in the Brazilian Amazon on Monday morning, as a local drug gang had invaded the wing controlled by its rivals in the city of Altamira in the state of Pará, police said
Foreign relations:
Foreign relations of Brazil
-
South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone since 1986
Treaties of Brazil:
Treaties of Brazil
Brazilian participation in international organizations:
Brazilian participation in international organizations
Brazil/United Nations relations:
Brazil and the
United Nations
Since 1947 contribution to UN peacekeeping:
January 2017: Brazil has contributed to UN peace operations since 1947
,
as the country has acted in more than 50
peacekeeping
operations and similar missions, having contributed with more than 33,000 military officials, police officers and civilians and currently takes part in nine peacekeeping operations with a contribution of more than 1,700 people
2013 resolution against electronic surveillance:
2 November 2013: Brazil and Germany circulated a draft resolution to the UN that calls for an end to excessive electronic surveillance, data collection and other gross invasions of privacy
24 November 2020 UN urges reforms in Brazil after deadly beating of black man:
24 November 2020: UN urges reforms in Brazil after deadly beating of black man, as days of protests erupted after video showed Joao Alberto Silveira Freitas, who later died, being attacked by white security guard
May 2021 UN voices alarm over massive police operation in Brazilian favela:
7 May 2021: UN has voiced alarm over a massive police operation in a Brazilian favela that left more than two dozen people dead, and called for an independent investigation
Since 1986 South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone:
South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
since 1986
Bilateral relations of Brazil:
Bilateral relations of Brazil
Brazil/Argentina relations:
Brazil/
Argentina
relations
Brazil/Australia relations:
Brazil/
Australia
relations
November 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster:
5 November 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster, when an iron ore tailings dam in Bento Rodrigues, a property of joint-venture Samarco between Vale S.A. and BHP Billiton, suffered a catastrophic failure, causing flooding and several deaths
2017:
4 novembre 2017: 2 ans après la tragédie minière, rien n'a changé
Brazil/Chile relations:
Brazil/
Chile
relations
Since the 1970s Operation Condor:
Since the 1970s Operation Condor, an Argentina, Brazil, USA (and other states) backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents
1973 Chilean coup d'état:
1973 Chilean coup d'état, when elected president Salvador Allende was overthrown by the armed forces and national police
September 2019 fascist Bolsonaro taunts Michelle Bachelet:
4 September 2019: Brazil's fascist Jair Bolsonaro has taunted Michelle Bachelet, the UN high commissioner for human rights, over the Chilean dictatorship that tortured her and her parents, after Bolsonaro has frequently praised Brazil’s 21-year military dictatorship and expressed admiration for rulers such as Pinochet, and after Michelle Bachelet criticised rising police killings and a 'shrinking' space for democracy in Brazil
Brazil/China relations:
Brazil/
China
relations
16 March 2021 China’s taste for beef drives exports eating up the rainforest:
16 March 2021: China’s taste for beef drives exports from Brazil, as sales rose 76% last year and show no signs of slowing, fuelling environmental crisis in Amazon and Cerrado regions
Brazil/Ecuador relations:
Brazil/
Ecuador
relations
December 2017:
13 décembre 2017: Le vice-président équatorien Jorge Glas, en préventive pour son implication dans le scandale Odebrecht, a été condamné à six ans de prison par la Cour suprême pour avoir perçu pour plusieurs millions de dollars de pots-de-vin du groupe de BTP brésilien
Brazil/Equatorial Guinea relations:
Relações entre Brasil e
Guiné Equatorial
September 2018:
16 September 2018: More than $16m in cash and luxury watches were seized at Viracopos airport near São Paulo in Brazil in the luggage of a delegation accompanying the son of Equatorial Guinea's longtime president, including vice-president Teodorin Nguema Obiang, local media has reported
Brazil/European Union relations:
Brazil/
European Union
relations
July 2007 summit meeting between the EU and Brazil:
4 July 2007 summit meeting between the EU and Brazil in Lisbon, as Brazil was granted special partnership status with the EU
August 2019 Free Trade Agreement and Brazil fires:
23 août 2019: l'Irlande et la France menacent de ne pas ratifier l'accord de libre-échange entre l'Union européenne et le Mercosur si le Brésil ne protège pas la forêt amazonienne
Brazil/France relations:
Brazil/
France
relations
August 2019 Brazil reject $20m pledged by G7:
27 August 2019: Brazilian official Lorenzoni has told Emmanuel Macron to take care of 'his home and his colonies' as Brazil rejected an offer from G7 countries of $20m to help fight fires in the Amazon
Brazil-France economic relations:
France-Brazil economic relations
November 2013:
8 November 2013: Brazil freezes Alstom,Siemens assets for alleged graft
December 2018:
28 décembre 2018: L'agence environnementale brésilienne Ibama a rejeté un recours de Total contre le refus d'une autorisation d'effectuer des forages dans cinq secteurs de l'embouchure de l'Amazone
Brazil/Germany relations:
Brazil/
Germany
relations
Since 1942, 1951-1967 protection of Nazi war criminal Stangl:
Since 1942 commandant of the Sobibor death camp Franz Stangl emigrated 1951 to Brazil where he was given an engineering job and after 1959 he worked at a Volkswagen AG factory, still using his own name as for years his responsibility in the deaths of hundreds of thousands Jewish men, women and children had been known to the Austrian authorities, tracked down by Nazi-hunter Simon Wiesenthal, Stangl was arrested in Brazil on 28 February 1967
-
12 May 2017: After Stangl's arrest and extradition in 1967, it took German authorities three years to bring him to trial, charged with the deaths of 1.2 million people
2013:
8 November 2013: Brazil freezes Alstom,Siemens assets for alleged graft
December 2017:
16 December 2017: Security staff at Volkswagen’s Brazilian plant collaborated with the country’s 1964-1985 military dictatorship, leading to the arrest and torture of several employees, according to a landmark report commissioned by VW
Brazil/Guyana relations:
Brazil/
Guyana
relations:
29 November 2021 Amazon deforestation is rising, as Guyana offers insights:
29 November 2021: Amazon deforestation is rising, as trees cover 90% of land in Guyana, as country experts say can offer insights into protecting the world’s largest rainforest, and as Guyana offers a rare bright spot
Brazil/India relations:
Brazil/
India
relations
-
Indian people in Brazil as part of the Portuguese Empire since sixteenth century
2006:
Since 2006 IBSA Dialogue Forum of Brazil, India and South Africa, international tripartite grouping of three continents for promoting international cooperation in the field of agriculture, trade, culture, and defence among others
2012:
30 March 2012: A day after the 'Brics' summit, India and Brazil decided to step up efforts to push the UN reforms and signed six pacts
Brazil/Israel relations:
Brazil/
Israel
relations
Since 16th century history of the Jews in Brazil:
Since 16th century history of the Jews in Brazil
1939-1945 Brazilian support for the Jewish people:
1939-1945 Brazilian support for the Jewish people during World War II
1978 Israeli extradition request for war criminal Wagner rejected:
Late 1930s—1945 Austrian member of the SS Gustav Franz Wagner, a starter deputy commander of the Sobibór extermination camp in German-occupied Poland, where more than 200,000 Jews were gassed during Operation Reinhard, known as 'The Beast' due to his brutality, sentenced to death in absentia after the war, but escaped with Franz Stangl to Brazil where he lived undisturbed until he was exposed by Simon Wiesenthal and arrested on 30 May 1978, but extradition requests from Israel, Austria, and Poland were rejected by Brazil's Attorney General Henrique Fonseca de Araújo, father of the current Brazilian chancellor Ernesto Araújo who was appointed by President Jair Bolsonaro in January 2019, the BBC interviewed Wagner in 1979
October 2013 Israel to join Brazilian Jews’ aid program in Africa:
26 October 2013: Israel to join Brazilian Jews’ aid program in Africa
January 2019 Bolsonaro, who targets indigenous groups, descendants of slaves, courted by Netanyahu:
1/2 January 2019: After Israeli PM Netanyahu was the first person he embraced following his inauguration
,
Brazil’s Bolsonaro - euphemistically dubbed the Trump of the Tropics - targets indigenous groups, descendants of slaves, curbs land rights for indigenous groups on 1st day in office
,
as senior Israeli official reportedly criticizes USA's Trump for appearing to give Iran free rein to further entrench militarily in Syria
31 March 2019 human rights attacking Bolsonaro welcomed by Netanyahu:
31 March 2019: As Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro speaks during a welcoming ceremony upon his arrival in Israel, at Bolsonaro's behest Brazil military commemorates 1964 coup that led to dictatorship, underscoring Bolsonaro's support for a military regime that executed hundreds, tortured thousands, shuttered Congress and left most Brazilians (51%) with deprecating memories, as the country unlike South American neighbors Argentina and Chile, that also endured brutal, USA-backed military regimes during the Cold War, has never tried anyone for the murders, torture and other abuses carried out during its dictatorship
-
28 March 2019: Bolsonaro backtracks on Jerusalem embassy move, says he may open 'business office' instead
1 April 2019:
1 April 2019: Members of environmental protection group 'Greenpeace' hang banner opposite Brazilian president’s hotel urging him to stop destruction of Amazon rainforest, fundamental not only for the global climate, but also important for Brazil's economy, saying that the government of Bolsonaro poses a threat to the rainforest and its indigenous population
13 April 2019 Israeli President, Yad Vashem rebuke Brazil's Bolsonaro:
13 April 2019: Yad Vashem and Israeli President rebuke Brazil's Bolsonaro for saying Holocaust crimes can be forgiven, stating 'it is not in anyone's position to determine if Holocaust crimes can be forgiven' and 'we won't back those who try to erase the truth'
Brazil-Israel economic relations:
Brazil-Israel economic relations
Brazil/Japan relations:
Brazil/
Japan
relations
-
Japanese Brazilian, the largest Japanese population outside of Japan lives in Brazil, 1.4-1.5 million people in 2000
-
Brazilians in Japan
2015:
5 August 2015: 70 years on a group of atomic bombing survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki in their adopted home of Brazil are campaigning for a nuclear-free world, also opposing the Brazilian government’s plans to more than double nuclear power generation
Brazil/Lebanon relations:
Brazil/
Lebanon
relations
Lebanese Brazilians are Brazilians of full, partial, or predominantly Lebanese ancestry, or Lebanese-born immigrants in Brazil, until 1922 Levantine immigrants were considered 'Turks', as they carried passports issued by the Turkish Ottoman Empire
1989/2017:
6 February 2017: Hezbollah targeted Israeli diplomats in Brazil in 1989, declassified files show
December 2017:
21 December 2017: Brazil’s involvement in the UN Interim Force in Lebanon UNIFIL since 2011 has allowed for a direct participation as part of international peace and security efforts in the Middle East
September 2018:
21 September 2018: Brazil arrests Hezbollah financier Assad Ahmad Barakat, a key figure for the Lebanese terror group, operating in an area where three South American nations meet, considered a haven for smugglers, traffickers and counterfeiters
Brazil/Mozambique relations:
Brazil/
Mozambique
relations
Trade and investment relations:
Mozambique/Brazil trade and investment relations
2016 Brazilian investment in mineral extraction, construction and livestock at US$10 billion:
15 July 2016: Brazilian investment in Mozambique, principally in mineral extraction, construction and livestock, has reached about US$10 billion, according to Brazilian Ambassador to Mozambique
20 April 2020 Mozambique expels suspected Brazilian drug lord:
20 April 2020: Mozambique has expelled one of Brazil’s most wanted criminals Dos Santos, arrested last Monday in an international sting operation that involved agents from Brazil, Mozambique and the USA, an alleged drug lord who has been on the run for two decades
Brazil/Paraguay relations:
Brazil/
Paraguay
relations
1864-1870 War of the Triple Alliance:
1864-1870 War of the Triple Alliance in Paraguay fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay, with an estimated 400,000 deaths, the war was the deadliest and bloodiest in Latin America's history and particularly devastated Paraguay, which suffered catastrophic losses in population
March 2020 ball kick Ronaldinho arrested in Paraguay with falsified documents:
7 March 2020: Ball kick Ronaldinho has been arrested in a hotel in Paraguay’s capital after authorities said he entered the country with falsified documents, and as Brazilian footballer and his brother said the documents were offered as a gift by a Brazilian businessmen, Wilmondes Sousa Liria, who has already been jailed
Brazil/Peru relations:
Brazil/
Peru
relations
-
Peruvian Brazilians
-
Brazil–Peru border
-
Javary River forming the boundary between Brazil and Peru for more than 800 km
-
Rapirrán River forms a part of the border with Peru
-
Xapuri River forming small parts of the Brazil–Peru and Brazil–Bolivia borders
-
Purus River, a tributary of the Amazon River
Amazon river and basin:
Amazon River in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
-
Amazon basin (Amazon River and its tributaries) covers an area of about 7,500,000 km2 or roughly 40% of the South American continent, and is located in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela
Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin:
Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin
Since 2008 Transcontinental Brazil-Peru railway project:
Transcontinental Brazil-Peru railway project since 2008 with the aim of integrating both nations and increasing commerce
Since 2013 Bi-Oceanico Central railway project:
Since 2013 Bi-Oceanico Central railway project in the countries of Brazil, Bolivia and Peru to join the port of Santos, Brazil (the Atlantic ocean) and with the port of Ilo, Peru (Pacific Ocean) going through Bolivia
July 2019 Brazilian Odebrecht bribery scandal arrest:
17 July 2019: Former Peru president arrested in USA as part of vast Brazilian Odebrecht bribery scandal
Brazil/Poland relations:
Brazil/
Poland
relations
Polish Brazilians:
Polish Brazilians, referring to Brazilians of full or partial Polish ancestry, arriving in Brazil in the late 19th century, and today 1,800,000–3 million people
1978 Poland's extradition request for war criminal Wagner rejected:
Late 1930s—1945 Austrian member of the SS Gustav Franz Wagner, a starter deputy commander of the Sobibór extermination camp in German-occupied Poland, where more than 200,000 Jews were gassed during Operation Reinhard, known as 'The Beast' due to his brutality, sentenced to death in absentia after the war, but escaped with Franz Stangl to Brazil where he lived undisturbed until he was exposed by Simon Wiesenthal and arrested on 30 May 1978, but extradition requests from Israel, Austria, and Poland were rejected by Brazil's Attorney General Henrique Fonseca de Araújo, father of the current Brazilian chancellor Ernesto Araújo who was appointed by President Jair Bolsonaro in January 2019, the BBC interviewed Wagner in 1979
Brazilian-Polish trade relations
Brazilian-Polish trade relations, as Brazil is Poland's main trading partner in Latin-America
Brazil/Portugal relations:
Brazil/
Portugal
relations, beginning in 1532 with the establishment of São Vicente, the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas
-
Portuguese colonization of the Americas since 1494
-
Territorial evolution of colonial Brazil
1500–1815 Colonial Brazil and slavery:
1500–1815 Colonial Brazil, slaves especially those brought from Africa, provided most of the work force of the Brazilian export economy after a brief period of Indian slavery, the economic exploitation was based first on brazilwood extraction in the 16th century, sugar production in the 16th–18th centuries, finally on gold and diamond mining in the 18th century
-
Slavery in Brazil
During the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries resistance of slaves:
Resistance of slaves during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries
-
Quilombo settlements founded by people of African origin, mostly escaped slaves, later these escaped African slaves in some cases would help provide shelter and homes to other minorities of marginalised Portuguese, Brazilian aboriginals, Jews and Arabs, and/or other non-black, non-slave Brazilians
1815-1825 'United Kingdom' of Portugal and Brazil:
1815-1825 United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
Since 1822 Independence of Brazil:
Since 1822 Independence of Brazil, comprising a series of political and military events that occurred in 1821–1824
1822-1825 War of Independence of Brazil:
1822-1825 War of Independence of Brazil between the newly independent Empire of Brazil and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, which had just undergone the Liberal Revolution of 1820
January 1835 Malê slave rebellion:
January 1835 Malê revolt, slave rebellion in Brazil following the Haitian Revolution 1791-1804
Brazil/South Africa relations:
Brazil/
South Africa
relations
Since 2006 IBSA Dialogue Forum of Brazil, India and South Africa:
Since 2006 IBSA Dialogue Forum of Brazil, India and South Africa, international tripartite grouping of three continents for promoting international cooperation in the field of agriculture, trade, culture, and defence among others
2013 memorial for Nelson Mandela:
10 December 2013: Mandela gave world 'an unmatched example of humanism', Brazilia's Dilma Rousseff says at memorial for Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg
Brazil/Spain relations:
Brazil/
Spain
relations
December 2018:
7 December 2018: García Juliá, who was among those gunmen linked to neo-Nazi organizations convicted of the 24 January 1977 attack against a legal office working for labor unions near the Atocha train station in central Madrid, killing of five lawyers, has been taken into custody in Brazil’s biggest city São Paulo
Brazil/Switzerland relations:
Brazil/
Switzerland
relations
2014 World Cup in Brazil and international FIFA corruption crisis:
2014 World Cup in Brazil and international FIFA corruption crisis
-
USA's FBI inquiry in 2015 international FIFA corruption crisis:
4 June 2015: USA's FBI inquiry in 2015 international FIFA corruption crisis now includes 2014 Brazil World Cup
December 2018 Glencore PLC corruption case:
13 December 2018: Brazil prosecutors allege Vitol, Glencore, Trafigura and Mercuria along with several small firms collectively paid at least $31 million in bribes over a six-year period to Petrobras insiders to secure oil deals at advantageous prices, saying what they have uncovered so far is the 'tip of the iceberg'
-
20 December 2018: Brazil’s state-run oil company Petrobbras has suspended all oil and fuel trading with Trafigura AG and Glencore PLC
Brazil/Turkey relations:
Brazil/
Turkey
relations
2015:
9 June 2015: Turkey recalls Brazil ambassador after Brazil's senate passed a resolution recognizing the massacres of Armenians a century ago as genocide
Brazil/Ukraine relations:
Brazil/
Ukraine
relations
History of Brazil-Ukraine relations:
Brazil-Ukraine relations
18 April 2023: Ukraine criticises Brazil's Lula da Silva for his efforts to broker a peace deal between Kyiv and Moscow:
18 April 2023: Ukraine’s government has criticised Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva for his efforts to broker a peace deal between Kyiv and Moscow, and invited the Brazilian leader to visit the war-torn country and see for himself the consequences of the Russian invasion. The comments came a day after Russian regime’s FM Lavrov visited Brasília, and praised Lula’s calls for a negotiated settlement.
Brazil/United Kingdom relations:
Brazil/
United Kingdom
relations
2013/2014:
19 août 2013: Le mari brésilien Miranda du journaliste Greenwald, qui a publié les révélations de Snowden, retenu pendant neuf heures à l'aéroport londonien
-
21 August: David Miranda, who was held and questioned for almost nine hours at London Airport, launched legal action against Britain for holding him under anti-terror laws as the government admitted it was kept informed about his detention
-
11 July 2014: Brazilian police say British head of Fifa partner Match Hospitality has fled to escape arrest over alleged illegal World Cup ticket sales
July 2016 Brazili's Expedito Machado admitted laundering millions of dollars in bribes in the UK:
28 July 2016: Brazilian businessman Expedito Machado who has admitted laundering millions of dollars in bribes went on a 12-month property spending spree in London and Leeds in 2014 and 2015, according to British newspaper
-
20 October 2016: BHP Billiton mining firm will be presented on Thursday with a list of demands from representatives of the local community in Brazil's Minas Gerais region affected by the collapse of BHP Billiton’s Samarco dam, as well as from people affected by projects in Colombia and Indonesia
8 July 2022 victims of Brazil’s worst environmental disaster to get day in UK courts:
8 July 2022: More than 200,000 victims of Brazil’s worst environmental disaster will have their case heard in a UK court, making it the largest group claim in English legal history, as the lawsuit is against the Anglo-Australian mining company BHP - one of the biggest companies in the world - for their involvement in the collapse of the Mariana dam in 2015
Brazil/USA relations:
Brazil/
USA
relations
CIA activities in Brazil:
CIA activities in Brazil
-
CIA activities in the Americas
1964-1985, USA involvement in the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état and support of the 1964-1985 Brazilian military government:
USA involvement in the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état, that led to the overthrow of President João Goulart by part of the Armed Forces, supported by the United States of America
-
CIA involvement in the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état
-
1964-1985 Brazilian military government
Since 1996 Amazon Watch and Amazon Conservation Team:
Amazon Watch nonprofit organization in Oakland since 1996 to protect the rainforest and advance the rights of indigenous peoples in the Amazon Basin, cooperating with indigenous and environmental organizations in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
-
Amazon Conservation Team non-profit organization in Arlington since 1996 that works in partnership with indigenous people of tropical South America in conserving the biodiversity of the Amazon rainforest as well as the culture and land of its indigenous people
2013:
10 April 2013: Brazil's Dilma Rousseff tells Barack Obama of currency worries
-
11 July 2013: Angry Latin America wants answers on allegations of US spying
-
16 July: Brazil calls USA explanation of its alleged spying 'insufficient'
-
7 August: Brazil-based Guardian reporter Glenn Greenwald said that he had received more than 15,000 secret USA government documents from intelligence leaker Edward Snowden
-
2 September: Brazil summons USA ambassador over spying allegations
-
3 September: The Brazilian government condemned USA spy program that reportedly targeted the nation's leader, labeled it an unacceptable invasion of sovereignty
-
6 September: President Obama has promised his Brazilian and Mexican counterparts that the US would cooperate with their governments to address concerns over alleged USA spying
-
17/18 September 2013: Brazilian president postpones Washington visit
over NSA spying
-
24 September: Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff speaking at the UN general assembly accused the NSA of violating international law by its indiscriminate collection of personal information of Brazilian citizens and economic espionage
-
7 November: Brazil and Germany call for UN action on spying amid a backlash against USA spying on its allies
-
13 novembre: L’offensive anti-NSA du Brésil
-
18 December: Brazil reportedly will not grant Edward Snowden asylum
December 2014 tortured Dilma Rousseff unveiled findings:
10 December 2014: Herself tortured during Brazil's military dictatorship, Dilma Rousseff unveiled the findings of the Truth Commission investigation into the systematic murder, torture and other abuses 1964-1985, also finding that the USA and UK trained interrogators in torture during 1964-85 military rule
May 2019 cancelled Bolsonaro USA trip:
4 May 2019: Brazil’s Jair Bolsonaro has abruptly cancelled a USA trip to receive a prestigious award following a storm of protest over his history of homophobic, racist and misogynist remarks and plans to erode environmental protections in the Amazon
Brazil/Venezuela relations:
Brazil/
Venezuela
relations
-
Brazil–Venezuela border - the internationally recognized border is mostly located in remote and inaccessible wilderness areas, and it has only one road crossing, between the towns of Pacaraima in Brazil and Santa Elena de Uairén in Venezuela
Since 2001 GlobeNet:
Since 2001 GlobeNet, a submarine telecommunications cable system linking the USA, Bermuda, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil
2017:
23 de agosto de 2017: Canciller brasileño recibió a Ortega Díaz y le ofreció asilo político
September 2018:
2 September 2018: Brazil calls in army after mob attacks on Venezuelan migrants and locals storm camps set up by thousands fleeing a collapsing economy, hunger and poverty
Climate and environment of Brazil:
Climate of Brazil
-
Environment of Brazil
-
List of ecoregions in Brazil
-
List of protected areas of Brazil
Environmental issues in Brazil:
Environmental issues in Brazil
-
Water pollution in Brazil
Amazon River:
Amazon River
-
Tributaries of the Amazon River
Hydroelectric dam projects in the Amazon:
Hydroelectric dam projects in the Amazon and deforestation in Brazil
2016:
15 June 2016: Construction of 40 major dams in the Brazilian Amazon would destroy the heart of the world’s largest rainforest, severely affect indigenous people and is not economically justifiable, says Greenpeace in a major new report
Since 2011 Belo Monte Dam project:
Since 2011 Belo Monte Dam, a hydroelectric dam complex currently under construction on the Xingu River in the state of Pará in Brazil
-
Environmental effects of the Belo Monte Dam
2016:
8 April 2016: Indigenous communities and the Amazon rain forest have joined the growing list of potential victims of Brazil’s huge corruption scandal, according to a senior construction executive who testified that the Belo Monte dam was used to generate $41.4m in donations to the ruling coalition
November 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster:
5 November 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster, when an iron ore tailings dam in Bento Rodrigues, a property of joint-venture Samarco between Vale S.A. and BHP Billiton, suffered a catastrophic failure, causing flooding and several deaths
-
4 novembre 2017: 2 ans après la tragédie minière, rien n'a changé
-
1 March 2018: Six months before the dam containing millions of litres of mining waste collapsed, killing 19 people in Brazil’s worst environmental disaster, the joint venture between the Brazilian Vale and the Anglo-Australian BHP Billiton operating the mine accurately predicted the potential impact of such a disaster in a worst-case risk assessment, but failed to take actions that they say could have prevented the disaster, as prosecutors say the company focused on cutting costs and increasing production
January 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster:
25 January 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster, when a tailings dam in Brumadinho, owned by Vale, the same company which was involved in the 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster, suffered a catastrophic failure
July 2019:
10 juillet 2019: Le géant minier Vale devra prendre en charge les dommages du désastre de Brumadinho, a décidé la justice brésilienne
8 July 2022 victims of Brazil’s worst environmental disaster to get day in UK courts:
8 July 2022: More than 200,000 victims of Brazil’s worst environmental disaster will have their case heard in a UK court, making it the largest group claim in English legal history, as the lawsuit is against the Anglo-Australian mining company BHP - one of the biggest companies in the world - for their involvement in the collapse of the Mariana dam in 2015
São Luiz do Tapajós Dam:
São Luiz do Tapajós Dam was expected to be the second largest hydroelectric in Brazil, after Belo Monte
2016:
5 August 2016: Major hydroelectric dam on the Tapajós river in the Amazon, a project opposed by indigenous tribes and conservation groups, fails to get environmental license because the dam’s backers have failed to supply information to show its social and environmental impact
Deforestation in Brazil:
Deforestation in Brazil
-
Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest
2013:
16 November 2013: Deforestation in Brazil up 28% on the year, Brazilian government says
2014:
23 September 2014: More than 30 countries set the first-ever deadline to end deforestation by 2030, but Brazil said it would not join
-
31 October: Amazon rainforest losing ability to regulate climate, Brazilian scientist Nobre warns
2015:
27 November 2015: Amazon deforestation report shows 16% increase in tree destruction and is a disappointing result for government efforts to combat deforestation
2016:
2 November 2016: The world’s indigenous communities, particularly in Brazil, need to be given a bigger role in climate stabilisation, according to a new study that shows at least a quarter of forest carbon is stored on communal land
2017:
28 May 2017: Wild Amazon faces destruction as Brazil’s farmers and loggers target Sierra Ricardo Franco national park
-
20 June 2017: As Brazil’s government steps back from Amazon conservation, the urgent need for stronger protection has been made more apparent by a new data map that highlights the knock-on effect of the forest’s capacity to absorb carbon, regulate temperatures and sustain life
November 2018:
24 November 2018: Brazil has released its worst annual deforestation figures in a decade amid fears that the situation might worsen when the avowedly anti-environmentalist president-elect Jair Bolsonaro takes power
April 2019:
25 April 2019: Millions of hectares of pristine tropical rainforest were destroyed in 2018, according to satellite analysis, with beef, chocolate and palm oil among the main causes, as clearcutting of primary forest by loggers and cattle ranchers in Brazil dominated the destruction
July 2019:
25 July 2019: Deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon has surged above three football fields a minute, according to the latest government data, pushing the world’s biggest rainforest closer to a tipping point beyond which it cannot recover, also confirming fears that president Bolsonaro has given a green light to illegal land invasion, logging and burning
August 2019 fires in the Amazon:
21 August 2019: Trying to deflect growing international criticism of his failure to protect the world’s biggest rainforest, following a surge of fires in several Amazonian states this month amid reports that farmers were feeling emboldened to clear land for crop fields and cattle ranches because the new Brazilian government was keen to open up the region to economic activity, president Bolsonaro has accused environmental groups of setting fires in the Amazon providing no evidence
-
22 August 2019: Large swathes of the Amazon rainforest are burning
-
23 August 2019: International pressure may be the only way to stop the Brazilian government from taking a 'suicide' path in the Amazon, one of the country’s most respected scientists has said, as the world’s biggest rainforest continues to be ravaged by thousands of deliberate fires
-
23 août 2019: Cri d'alarme des scientifiques, de pompiers ou encore de Brésiliens qui subissent terrifiés l'avancée du feu en Amazonie, en disant 'des animaux brûlent vifs dans la jungle'
-
25 août 2019: Les incendies se multiplient en Amazonie
1 September 2019:
1 septembre 2019: Les incendies au Brésil poursuivaient leur progression samedi, notamment en Amazonie, malgré la mobilisation de l'armée
17 September 2019 Amazon deforestation driven by criminal networks:
17 September 2019: Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is a lucrative business largely driven by criminal networks that threaten and attack government officials, forest defenders and indigenous people who try to stop them, according to a new report by Human Rights Watch
11 June 2021 deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest rose:
11 June 2021: Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest rose for a third consecutive month in May, preliminary government data showed, with president Bolsonaro yet to follow through on his April pledge to boost funding for environmental enforcement, as deforestation soared 67% in May from the same month last year, according to Brazil’s national space research institute INPE, with much of the land targeted for cattle ranches, farms and logging
20 August 2021 deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has hit the highest annual level in a decade:
20 August 2021: Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has hit the highest annual level in a decade, a new report has shown, despite increasing global concern over the accelerating devastation since president Bolsonaro took office in 2019
1 March 2023 clear correlation between deforestation and precipitation in the Amazon, Congo basin regions and south-east Asia:
1 March 2023 clear correlation between deforestation and precipitation in the Amazon, Congo basin regions and south-east Asia, according to a new study adding to fears that the degradation of the Amazon is approaching a tipping point after which the rainforest will no longer be able to generate its own rainfall and the vegetation will dry up
Natural disasters in Brazil:
Natural disasters in Brazil
Cyclones and storms in Brazil:
Cyclones and storms
in Brazil
March 2004 Cyclone Catarina:
March 2004 Cyclone Catarina
January 2020 Subtropical Storm Kurumí, October 2020 Subtropical Storm Mani:
January 2020 Subtropical Storm Kurumí, October 2020 Subtropical Storm Mani
June-July 2020 bomb cyclone in Brazil's South Region:
June-July 2020 bomb cyclone, a hurricane-force extratropical cyclone in Brazil's South Region which impacted the states of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná. 12 deaths were confirmed, 10 in Santa Catarina, 1 in Rio Grande do Sul and 1 in Paraná. In addition to almost 1.9 million consumers without electricity in the three states
December 2021 tropical cyclone Ubá targeting Minas Gerais and mainly Bahia state:
December 2021 Subtropical Storm Ubá, the fourth tropical or subtropical cyclone to form in the South Atlantic Ocean in 2021, as the cyclone lingered for two days, and together with the South Atlantic Convergence Zone, Ubá caused heavy rains in Minas Gerais, in Espírito Santo and mainly in Bahia. The storm became the deadliest South Atlantic cyclone, with a death toll of 15.
17-19 May 2022 subtropical cyclone Yakecan:
17-19 May 2022 subtropical cyclone Yakecan that passed through the southern region of Brazil, specifically in Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay. It was the sixteenth storm to hit Brazil since Cyclone Catarina in 2004.
June 2023 subtropical cyclone Yakecan:
18 June 2023: At least 11 people were killed in Brazil’s southern state of Rio Grande do Sul after an extra-tropical cyclone struck the region, causing torrential rains, as helicopter searches were under way in flooded neighbourhoods to find 20 others who were missing, the government of Rio Grande do Sul said
6 September 2023 extratropical cyclone kills at least 31 in Brazil and leaves over 1,600 homeless:
6 September 2023: An extratropical cyclone in southern Brazil has caused floods in several cities, killing at least 31 people and leaving more than 1,600 homeless. More than 60 cities have been battered by the storm since Monday night, and Rio Grande do Sul’s governor, Eduardo Leite, said the death toll was the state’s highest due to a climate event.
Floods and landslides in Brazil:
Floods in Brazil
-
Landslides in Brazil
2012:
5 January 2012: Deadly floods ravage Brazil's Minas Gerais
-
10 January: Landslide kills eight in Brazil's Rio de Janeiro state
2013:
20 March 2013: At least 24 people killed by landslides spawned by heavy rains in a mountainous area of the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro
-
12 December: Torrential rains caused chaos and at least two deaths in Rio de Janeiro
-
26 December: The death toll in the floods and mudslides caused by heavy downpours in southeastern Brazil has risen to 32
2014 floods:
15 janvier 2014: Au moins 12 personnes mortes et 10 disparues dans des inondations provoquées par des pluies torrentielles dans la ville d'Itaoca
-
29 June 2014: Nearly a week of torrential rain has triggered widespread floods in southern Brazil that have forced 6,000 people from their homes
April 2019 Rio floods:
10 avril 2019: Des pluies torrentielles ont provoqué des inondations et des glissements de terrain à Rio, où au moins 10 personnes ont été tuées
December 2019 landslide in Recife:
24 December 2019: A landslide in the Brazilian city of Recife, causing two houses to collapse, kills several people including young couple and their boy, a nine-year-old girl and her grandmother
January-March 2020 deadly landslides and flooding in three Brazilian states:
January 2020 Brazilian floods and mudslides
-
13 March 2020: About 150 people have been killed or are missing following record-breaking heavy rains, landslides and flooding in three Brazilian states this year, as climate crisis blamed for 'extreme rainfall' events
December 2021 Bahia's deadly floods and rains:
27 December 2021: Authorities reported already 18 deaths and 280 injure by Bahia's floods and rains, as - according to the authorities - there is a high risk of additional floods in Bahia since the heavy rains will continue at least until tomorrow 28 December, OCHA's reliefweb reports
January-February 2022 Brazil floods and landslides:
January-February 2022 Brazil series of floods and landslides, includihg deadly 2022 Petrópolis floods
27/28 May 2022 deadly Brazilian floods in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas:
On May 27 to 28, heavy rains in Recife and Zona da Mata, Pernambuco killed at least 35 people
-
29 May 2022: At least 35 people have died amid heavy rainfall in north-eastern Brazil on Friday and Saturday, as downpours lashed two major cities on the Atlantic coast, in what is the South American nation’s fourth major flooding event in five months. In the state of Pernambuco, at least 33 people had died as of Saturday afternoon, as rains caused landslides that wiped away hillside urban neighbourhoods, and as authorities in the neighbouring state of Alagoas had registered two deaths, according to Brazil’s federal emergency service
20 February 2023 Brazil flooding and landslides kill dozens in São Paulo state:
Since 18 February 2023 record-breaking rainfall—reaching 682mm in 24 hours—caused deadly floods and landslides across the state of São Paulo, as at least 44 people were killed, of which 43 were in São Sebastião
-
20 February 2023: At least 36 people have died and dozens are missing after torrential rain brought flooding and landslides to coastal areas of south-east Brazil over the weekend as the country geared up for its annual carnival celebrations. Rescue efforts continued in São Paulo state on Monday as more than 500 workers searched for victims, cleared roads and tried to reconnect isolated communities.
3 May 2024 37 people killed and dozens missing in Brazil's worst floods in 80 years:
3 May 2024: Heavy rains in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul have killed 37 people, with another 74 still missing, as record-breaking floods devastated cities and forced thousands to leave their homes. It was the fourth such environmental disaster in a year, following floods in July, September and November that killed 75 people in total.
Droughts in Brazil:
1877–1878 'Grande Seca' Brazilian drought:
'Grande Seca'
Brazilian drought
of 1877–1878, the largest and most devastating drought in Brazilian history, causing the deaths of between 400,000 and 500,000 people
2015 Brazilian drought:
2015 Brazilian drought, an ongoing drought affecting the southeast of Brazil including the metropolitan areas of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and described as the worst drought in 80 years
-
23 January 2015: Brazil’s worst drought in history prompts rationing warning, as crisis spreads from São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro and beyond
Wildfires and man-made disasters in Brazil:
Wildfires in Brazil
2017 record forest fires in Brazil:
29 September 2017: Record forest fires in Brazil linked to deforestation and expansion of agriculture and reduction of oversight and surveillance
January-August 2019 Brazil wildfires:
2019 Brazil wildfires, revealed by the National Institute for Space Research INPE, releasing the information that at least 75,336 wildfires occurred in the country from January to 23 August 2019
-
26 August 2019: Brazilian warplanes have begun dumping water on burning forest in the Amazon state of Rondonia, responding to an outcry over the destruction of the world’s largest tropical rain forest
Since January 2020 Brazil rainforest wildfires:
Since January 2020 Brazil rainforest wildfires
September 2020 Amazon 'condemned to destruction' amid fires:
2 September 2020: Amazon 'condemned to destruction' as fires proliferate across Brazil
1 October 2020 Brazil's Amazon rainforest suffers worst fires in a decade:
1 October 2020: Fires in Brazil’s Amazon increased 13% in the first nine months of the year compared with a year ago, as the rainforest region experiences its worst rash of blazes in a decade, data from space research agency Inpe has shown, as satellites in September recorded 32,017 hotspots in the world’s largest rainforest, a 61% rise from the same month in 2019
Canada
-
Settlement of the Americas
-
Aboriginal peoples in Canada
-
Former colonies and territories in Canada
-
History of Canada
Geography of Canada
-
Demographics of Canada
-
Languages of Canada
Economy of Canada:
Economy of Canada
- main industries are transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, oil sands, fish products, petroleum and natural gas and minerals such as gold iron and magnesium
-
List of companies of Canada
-
Companies of Canada by industry
-
Science and technology in Canada
Mining companies, coal and gas production in Canada:
Mining companies
of Canada
-
Coal
in Canada - coal reserves in Canada rank fifth largest in the world
-
List of coal mines
in Canada
-
Shale gas in Canada
Petroleum production in Canada:
Petroleum
production in Canada, the fifth largest oil producing country in the world
2011:
At 18.3 billion cubic feet (520,000,000 m3) per day in 2011, Canada was the fourth-largest producer of natural gas in the world
2017:
17 October 2017: Alberta’s oil and gas industry, Canada’s largest producer of fossil fuel resources, could be emitting 25 to 50% more methane than previously believed, according to new research
Uranium mining in Canada:
Uranium
mining in Canada
Mines in Saskatchewan:
Mines in Saskatchewan
-
Cameco Corporation accounting for 16% of uranium world production
-
Inkai Uranium Project - joint venture of Cameco Corporation (60%)
and KazAtomProm (40%)
-
McArthur River uranium mine
-
Canada's Deadly Secret: Saskatchewan Uranium and the Global Nuclear System
Energy and energy policy of Canada:
Energy and energy policy
of Canada
Nuclear industry in Canada:
Nuclear industry in Canada
Nuclear power in Canada:
Nuclear power in Canada
-
Nuclear power accidents in Canada
Coal and fossil fuels in Canada:
Fossil fuels in Canada
-
Coal-fired power stations in Canada
-
Oil-fired power stations in Canada
-
Natural gas-fired power stations in Canada
Natural gas in Canada:
Natural gas in Canada, the fourth-largest producer of natural gas in the world
-
History of the natural gas industry in Canada
-
Shale gas in Canada
Petroleum production and oil fields of Canada:
Petroleum production in Canada, a major industry in Canada, that is the fifth largest oil producing country in the world
-
Oil fields of Canada
-
History of the petroleum industry in Canada (oil sands and heavy oil)
Athabasca oil sands:
Athabasca oil sands, large deposits of bitumen or extremely heavy crude oil, located in northeastern Alberta
Trans Mountain Pipeline System:
Since 1953 Trans Mountain Pipeline System, a pipeline that carries crude and refined oil from Alberta to the coast of British Columbia in Canada
Since 2013 Trans Mountain Pipeline System Expansion Project:
Since 2013 Trans Mountain Pipeline System Expansion Project
June 2019:
18 June 2019: Canada’s PM Justin Trudeau has once again approved a hotly contested proposal to expand the crude oil pipeline it bought last year, providing hope for a depressed energy industry but angering environmental and Indigenous groups which have fiercely opposed the project
Renewable energy in Canada:
Renewable energy
in Canada
Agriculture in Canada:
Agriculture in
Canada
-
Major agricultural products of Canada, one of the largest agricultural producers and exporters in the world, are grains and oilseeds, livestock, dairy, horticulture products
Forestry in Canada:
Forestry
in
Canada
-
Forests of Canada
Fishing and fishing industry in Canada:
Fishing
and
fishing industry in Canada
12 November 2020 Native American group in Canada scoops up billion dollar seafood firm:
12 November 2020: Indigenous group in Canada scoops up billion dollar seafood firm, as 'Clearwater Seafoods deal' gives Mi’kmaq control of lucrative ocean stretch, and as tensions remain high over First Nation fishing rights
Aquaculture in Canada:
Aquaculture in Canada
2017 Atlantic salmon escape from Washington state fish farm into Pacific:
24 August 2017: Thousands of Atlantic salmon escape from Washington state fish farm into Pacific, as Canada-based company admits it doesn’t know how many of its 305,000 fish are left after a net ‘failure’ amid concern about the impact on native species
Water in Canada:
Water in Canada
Transport in Canada:
Transportation
in
Canada
Aviation in Canada:
Aviation in Canada
-
History of aviation in Canada
2017:
17 May 2017: Canada makes it illegal to remove passengers from overbooked planes in a new passenger bill of rights coming after Vietnamese American passenger was dragged off United Airlines flight in Chicago
International trade of Canada:
International trade
of Canada
-
Free trade agreements of Canada
Banking in Canada:
Banking in Canada
List of banks and credit unions in Canada:
List of banks and credit unions in Canada
24 November 2020 Native American and granddaughter handcuffed after trying to open bank account:
24 November 2020: Native American and granddaughter, 12, handcuffed after trying to open bank account,as Maxwell Johnson, of the Heiltsuk Nation, launches two human rights complaints after arrest at Vancouver bank in December
Economic history and business cycles in Canada:
Economic
history of Canada
-
Industrial history of Canada
-
Technological and industrial history of Canada
-
Development of Gross Domestic Product from 2000 to 2011
Since 1990s economic and GDP history:
Economic history in recent years in GDP history
Since 2008 effects of the 2008–2010 automotive industry crisis on Canada:
Effects of the 2008–2010 automotive industry crisis on Canada
Since March 2020 economic impact of covid-19 and recession:
Since March 2020 economic impact of covid-19 pandemic, having a deep impact on the Canadian economy and leading it into a recession
Labour in Canada:
Labour in Canada
-
Labour relations in Canada
-
Trade unions in Canada
-
Timeline of labour issues and events in Canada
Since 1870s labour history of Canada and timeline:
Labour history of Canada
-
Since 1870s Timeline of labour issues and events in Canada
Minimum wage in Canada:
Minimum wage in Canada
Temporary foreign worker program in Canada:
Temporary foreign worker program of the Government of Canada to allow employers in Canada to hire foreign nationals in operation since four decades
20 July 2020 covid-19 sheds light on Canada's poor treatment of migrant workers:
20 July 2020: Covid-19 pandemic sheds light on Canada's poor treatment of migrant workers, as covid-19 has surged on farms that employ foreign workers, aided by a lack of legal protections and shoddy oversight
Poverty in Canada:
Poverty
in Canada
-
Homelessness in Canada
-
Out of the Cold
Poverty in Ontario
Unemployment in Canada:
Unemployment
in Canada
List of Canadian provinces by unemployment rate
Military of Canada:
Military
of Canada
-
Military equipment of Canada
-
Army equipment
-
Nuclear weapons in Canada
-
Continued military cooperation with the US to present
Taxation in Canada:
Taxation in Canada
-
Income taxes in Canada
-
Sales taxes in Canada
-
Goods and Services Tax
Canadian federal budget:
Canadian federal budget
-
2013 Canadian federal budget
-
2014 Canadian federal budget
Politics of Canada:
Politics of Canada
-
Constitution of Canada
-
Constitutional history of Canada
-
Political parties in Canada
-
Trade unions in Canada
Elections and politics in Canada:
Elections
in Canada
-
Canadian federalism
-
Parliament of Canada
-
Government of Canada
-
Canadian federal general elections
-
Elections in
provinces and territories
of Canada
-
Municipal government in Canada
-
Municipal elections in Canada
2 May 2011 Canadian federal election:
Canadian federal election 2 May 2011
October 2014 shootings at Ottawa's Parliament Hill:
22 October 2014 shootings at Ottawa's Parliament Hill
-
23 October: Killing of a Canadian soldier at war memorial and gunfire inside parliament do not weaken resolve to fight terrorism, PM Stephen Harper says
-
29 October: Thousands mourn Canadian corporal Nathan Cirillo killed in Ottawa attack
2015:
2 August 2015: Canada's PM Harper expected to name October 11 as the date for the poll likely to focus on the economy
-
28 August 2015: New Democrats took a giant leap ahead of rivals in the October 2015 election campaign, according to the latest poll
October 2015 Canadian federal election:
19 October Canadian federal election
-
20 October: Trudeau promises change after Liberal Party has won parliamentary elections, ending nine years of Conservative rule
November 2015:
4 November 2015: Canada's first cabinet with equal number of men and women presented
2016:
21 May 2016: Canadian MP Ruth Ellen Brosseau elbowed by Justin Trudeau fends off personal attacks: 'It was very painful'
-
27 October 2016: Aboriginal and environmental groups to sue Canadian government to overturn the permit for a controversial US$27 billion Petronas liquefied natural gas project in British Columbia
June/July 2017:
2 June 2017: Quebec member of parliament and non-indigenous politician Marc Miller has addressed Canada’s House of Commons in Mohawk, in what is believed to be the first time the indigenous language has been used officially in the legislature since it was established in 1867, saying 'hopefully it will help to us to become better friends’
-
1 July 2017: Canada’s PM Justin Trudeau has met with aboriginal activists who set up a demonstration tipi on Parliament Hill ahead of Canada Day celebrations to draw attention to the history of Canada’s indigenous people during country’s 150th birthday festivities
April 2019:
30 April 2019: Thousands evacuated from eastern Canada as PM admits urgent action necessary to improve climate preparedness
May 2019 'National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls':
31 May 2019: The thousands of Indigenous women and girls who were murdered or disappeared across Canada in recent decades are victims of a 'Canadian genocide', says the final report of the national inquiry created to probe the ongoing tragedy, obtained by CBC News and verified by sources, concludind that a genocide driven by the disproportionate level of violence faced by Indigenous women and girls occurred in Canada through 'state actions and inactions rooted in colonialism and colonial ideologies'
-
2015-2019 Canadian National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
June 2019:
18 June 2019: Canada’s PM Justin Trudeau has once again approved a hotly contested proposal to expand the crude oil pipeline it bought last year, providing hope for a depressed energy industry but angering environmental and Indigenous groups which have fiercely opposed the project
October 2019 Canadian federal election:
21 October 2019 Canadian federal election
-
21 October 2019: Tight Canada election may offer power-broker role to smaller parties, after forty days of campaigning may have knocked the shine off Justin Trudeau but no party appears likely to capture a majority
1 May 2020 Canada bans assault-style weapons after mass shooting:
1 May 2020: Canada has banned assault-style weapons, covering 1,500 models and variants of firearms, following the murder of 22 people in the worst mass shooting in the country’s history, PM Trudeau announced on Friday, as an 'overwhelming majority' of Canadians now in 2020 support the ban, according to a poll
13 June 2020 PM Trudeau' has 'serious questions’ about of police punching of First Nations chief:
13 June 2020: Canadian PM Trudeau says video of police punching First Nations chief 'shocking', having 'serious questions’ about what happened while Indigenous leader’s lawyer files police dashboard video in court
27 June 2021 Canada must reveal ‘undiscovered truths’ of residential schools to heal, Murray Sinclair says:
27 June 2021: Former senator Murray Sinclair, and one of the country’s first Indigenous judges who led the country’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, insists an independent investigation into decades of abuse of Indigenous children is essential, as Canada urgently needs an independent investigation into the deaths of thousands of Indigenous children at church-run residential schools, if the country ever hopes to finally confront the horrors of its colonial past
1 July 2021 American governments urged to ramp up their efforts to tackle the escalating climate emergency:
1 July 2021: Nowhere is safe, say scientists as extreme heat causes chaos in USA and Canada, and as northern American governments urged to ramp up efforts to tackle climate emergency as temperature records smashed
20 September 2021 Canadian federal election:
20 September 2021 Canadian federal election will take place on September 20, 2021, to elect members of the House of Commons to the 44th Canadian Parliament
-
Candidates of the 2021 Canadian federal election
-
Opinion polling for the 2021 Canadian federal election
21 September 2021 Justin Trudeau secures a third victory:
21 September 2021: Justin Trudeau secures a third victory in an election 'nobody wanted', as Canadian PM will stay in power but has not won the majority he hoped for after calling a snap election
5 January 2022 Canada reaches C$40bn compensation agreement to reform Native American welfare:
5 January 2022: Canada has reached an in-principle agreement totalling US$31.bn to compensate 'First Nations' children who were taken from their families and put into the welfare system, a major step toward reconciliation with the country's Native American people
,
as the agreement includes hundreds of thousands of First Nations children, offering compensation to 200,000 individuals and families who suffered from discriminatory system
24 July 2022 pope in Canada to apologise for abuse of Indigenous children in church schools:
24 July 2022: Pope Francis landed in Canada on Sunday to kick off a five-day trip that will centre around his apology on behalf of the Roman Catholic Church for the abuse that Indigenous children endured at mostly church-run residential schools
7 November 2023 Canada’s emissions cut plan insufficient to meet targets, official report finds:
7 November 2023: Canada’s emissions reduction plan is insufficient to meet its target to cut emissions by 40% to 45% below the 2005 level by 2030, according to a new a report released by the country’s auditor general. The audit found the government’s plan insufficient because key measures needed to meet the 2030 target were delayed or not prioritized.
24 November 2023 Canada oil and gas firms to drill 8% more wells next year as emissions target slips:
24 November 2023: Oil and gas producers say they will drill 8% more wells in Canada next year as they look to take advantage of new shipping options, including a controversial government-owned pipeline, and as emissions target slips
Social movements and protests in Canada:
Protests in Canada
Anti-nuclear movement in Canada:
Anti-nuclear movement in Canada
-
Members of the Algonquin tribe have been peacefully blockading a uranium mining operation on their sacred lands north of Kingston, Ontario since June 29, 2007
Since 2007:
Aboriginal Day of Action annual on June 29 since 2007
Since 2011:
'Occupy Canada' - since 2011
2012:
2012 Quebec student protests
15 December 2012: Indigenous groups protest across Canada demanding that the government honours longstanding treaties that affect housing, food and education
2013:
24 mars 2013: Un an après le début du soulèvement des étudiants québécois, une manifestation a été interdite et s'est soldée par l'interpellation de 200 personnes
2016:
31 July 2016: Hundreds rallied in Canada’s capital Ottawa to protest the death of Somali-Canadian Abdirahman Abdi, who died after being hospitalised in critical condition following his arrest, marching against what they see as race-based police brutality in a country that prides itself for being tolerant
January/February 2017:
21 January 2017 Women's March in cities around the world, including Balfour, Bowen Island, Calgary, Castlegar, Charlottetown, Courtenay, Edmonton, Fredericton, Gabriola Island, Grand Forks, Halifax, Hamilton, Kamloops, Kelowna, Kimberly, Kingston, Kootenay Bay, Lethbridge, London, Montréal, Nanaimo, North West River, Orangedale, Ottawa, Prince George, Revelstoke, Roberts Creek, St. Catharines, Saint John, Salmon Arm, Salt Spring Island, Saskatoon, St. John's, Sutton, Sydney, Tofino, Toronto, Victoria, Winnipeg, and Yellowknife, to promote women's rights and to address racial inequities, workers' issues, and environmental issues
-
31 January 2017: Canadians across the country hold vigils for Quebec mosque shooting victims
-
3 February 2017: Hundreds across Canada, many of them belonging to local synagogues, churches and temples, gathered around mosques to form protective barriers, described as 'human shields' and 'rings of peace', as Muslims in the country marked their first Friday prayers since a gunman shot dead six men who were praying at a Quebec mosque
31 May 2020 thousands rally in Toronto and Halifax against anti-black racism after woman falls from balcony:
31 May 2020: 'Justice for Regis' chants echoed throughout the streets of downtown Toronto Saturday afternoon as thousands of protesters demanded answers in the death of 29-year-old Regis Korchinski-Paquet, who fell from her apartment balcony in High Park while police were present
-
31 May 2020: Justice for Regis rally draws hundreds in Halifax
Canadian society, demographics, culture and human rights:
Canadian society
-
Canadian society by province or territory
-
Social history of Canada
Human rights in Canada:
Human rights in Canada
-
History of human rights in Canada
Multiculturalism and freedom of religion in Canada:
Multiculturalism in Canada
-
Freedom of religion in Canada is a constitutionally protected right, allowing believers the freedom to assemble and worship without limitation or interference
Provinces, territories and cities of Canada:
13
Provinces and territories
of Canada
-
Territorial evolution of Canada
-
Former colonies and territories in Canada
Cities in Canada by province or territory:
Cities in Canada
-
List of cities in Canada
-
Cities in Canada by province or territory
Province of British Columbia:
Province of British Columbia
, the westernmost province of Canada located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, is Canada's third-most populous province with an estimated population of 4.8 million as of 2017
History of British Columbia:
History of humans in
British Columbia, covering the period from the arrival of Paleo-Indians thousands of years ago to the present day. Prior to European colonization, the lands encompassing present-day British Columbia were inhabited for millennia by a number of First Nations.
Economy of British Columbia:
Economy of British Columbia, with service-producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the province's GDP. The province is the terminus of two transcontinental railways, and the site of 27 major marine cargo and passenger terminals. Though less than 5% of its vast 944,735 square kilometres land is arable, the province is agriculturally rich (particularly in the Fraser and Okanagan valleys), because of milder weather near the coast and in certain sheltered southern valleys, as its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction, principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the province's largest city, serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies. In 2017, British Columbia had the fourth-largest GDP in Canada, with a GDP of CA$282 billion and a GDP per capita of $57,335.
Politics of British Columbia and history:
Politics of British Columbia and history
October 2020 British Columbia general election:
24 October 2020 British Columbia general election, as the social-democratic 'New Democratic Party' won 57 seats, as the 'Liberal Party' won 28 seats and the 'Green Party' won 2 seats
Since 23 November 2020 42nd Parliament of British Columbia:
Since 23 November 2020 42nd Parliament of British Columbia
1 July 2021 British Columbia sees 195% increase in sudden deaths during Canada and northern American heatwave:
1 July 2021: British Columbia sees 195% increase in sudden deaths during Canada and northern American heatwave, as chief coroner says more than 300 deaths could be attributed to the extreme temperatures in June-July
2 July 2021 following never seen heatwave Canada's westernmost province now battling fresh threat of more than 100 wildfires:
2 July 2021: On the heels of an unprecedented heatwave that left hundreds dead in British Columbia, the westernmost province is now battling a fresh threat, as more than 100 wildfires are burning across the province, as of late on Thursday, 86 of which started in the past two days, as evacuation orders and alerts have gone out in a dozen communities, and as there was a similar picture in the USA west, where hundreds of firefighters are battling in high heat against several wildfires in the forests of far northern California, where the flames have already forced many communities to evacuate
3 July 2021 record heatwave may have killed 500 people in western Canada until now:
3 July 2021: Nearly 500 people may have been killed by record-breaking temperatures in Canada’s westernmost province, as officials warn the grim toll from 'heat dome' could rise again as more deaths are reported, as on Friday, British Columbia’s chief coroner said that 719 'sudden and unexpected deaths' had been reported over the past week
Since 14 November 2021 Pacific Northwest floods:
Since 14 November 2021 Pacific Northwest floods, a series of floods that affected parts of British Columbia and neighboring Washington State, as the flooding along with numerous mass wasting events was caused by an atmospheric river which brought heavy rain, and as the natural disaster has prompted a state of emergency for the province of BC
18 November 2021 amid devastating floods in Pacific north-west, troops have been deployed:
18 November 2021: Amid devastating floods in Pacific north-west, troops have been deployed in British Columbia to help stranded residents and search areas hit by landslides and floods after a powerful storm dumped a month’s worth of rain in two days across a swath of the Pacific north-west in Canada and the USA, as the Canadian government approved a request for federal assistance from the embattled province
-
18 November 2021: Canadian air force arrives to help residents in British Columbia, 'The Guarcian' reports live
Vancouver city:
Vancouver city
, a coastal seaport city in Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia
-
History of Vancouver
Economy of Vancouver:
Economy of Vancouver, one of the most vibrant in Canada. The British Columbian city is Canada's official gateway to the Pacific Rim, a major port, and the main western terminus of transcontinental highway and rail routes. Vancouver has successfully transitioned from a predominantly resource-based economy to a diverse knowledge-based one, and in recent years has been the fastest growing economy in Canada. In 2017 Vancouver's GDP reportedly was CA$137 billion, with a GDP growth rate of 4.5%, meaning that Vancouver represents approximately 7.5% of Canada's overall economy. Major economic sectors include trade, technology, tourism, natural resources, construction, film and TV
-
Companies based in Vancouver
Port of Vancouver:
Since 1923 Port of Vancouver, the largest port in Canada and the fourth largest in North America by tonnes of cargo, facilitating trade between Canada and more than 170 world economies. The port is managed by the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority.
-
Fraser River, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for 1,375 kilometres into the Strait of Georgia just south of the City of Vancouver
Timeline of Vancouver history listed by 'Wikipedia', since 18th century:
Timeline of Vancouver history listed by 'Wikipedia', since 18th century
November 2021 British Columbia floods:
November 2021 British Columbia and Washington floods, a series of floods that affected parts of British Columbia iin Canada and neighboring USA's Washington State, caused by an atmospheric river which brought heavy rain
-
17 November 2021: Canada’s largest port was cut off by flood waters, as emergency crews in British Columbia, as at least one person has been killed and several more are feared dead after a huge storm hit the Pacific north-west, destroying highways and leaving tens of thousands of people in Canada and the USA without power
-
17 November 2021: Canada floods cut rail link to Vancouver port, after it was earlier cut off by flood waters, destroying highways
-
17 November 2021: BC alert system criticized for ‘sitting silent’ as heavy rainfall hits western seaboard of Canada and USA, 'The Guardian' reports live
Victoria city:
Victoria city
in British Columbia, the capital city of the Canadian province on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada's Pacific coast, as the city has a population of 85,792 citizens, and the Greater Victoria Area has a population of 367,770 citizens, therefore the 7th-most densely populated city in Canada with 4,405.8 inhabitants per square kilometre
19th century - present modern history and timeline of Victoria city:
Since 19th century - present modern history and timeline of Victoria city
Since 1939-1945 World War II Victoria area's steady growth:
Since 1939-1945 World War II the Victoria area has seen relatively steady growth, becoming home to two major universities, and since the 1980s the western suburbs have been incorporated as new municipalities, such as Colwood and Langford, which are known collectively as the Western Communities
Northwest Territories:
Northwest Territories
, a federal territory of Canada at a land area of approximately 1,144,000 km2 and with a population of 41,786 inhabitants in 2016
Yellowknife:
Yellowknife
, the capital and only city, as well as the largest community, in the Northwest Territories on the northern shore of Great Slave Lake, about 400 km south of the Arctic Circle
-
Timeline of Yellowknife history since 1823
July 2019 polls and online votin:
1 July 2019: Northwest Territories goes to the polls on 1 October 2019 to elect 19 MLAs for the next four years
-
8 July 2019: Preparing 1 October elections, Northwest Territories will become the first Canadian jurisdiction to offer online voting in a provincial or territorial general election
Province of Ontario:
Province of Ontario
, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, located in east-central Canada and Canada's most populous province accounting for
nearly 40% of the country's population
and the second-largest province in total area
-
Demographics of Ontario
History and timeline of Ontario province:
History of Ontario
12 June 2021 people Ontario's London marched from the spot where a Muslim family was killed near mosque:
12 June 2021: Thousands of people have marched in Canada in support of a Muslim family run over and killed by a man driving a pickup truck, as police have described the incident last Sunday as a premeditated attack motivated by Islamophobia, and as crowds in London, Ontario, marched five miles on Friday from the spot where the family was killed to a nearby mosque
Economy of Ontario:
Economy of Ontario, the largest economy in Canada, with a GDP nearly twice that of neighbouring Quebec, which is Canada's second largest economy, though manufacturing plays an important role in Ontario's economy, it is the service sector that takes up 76.9%
Politics of Ontario:
Politics of Ontario
-
Elections in Ontario
-
General elections in Ontario
June 2014 Ontario general election:
12 June 2014 Ontario general election
June 2018 Ontario general election:
7 June 2018 Ontario general election
October 2018 Ontario municipal elections:
22 October 2018 Ontario municipal
elections
Environment of Ontario:
Environment of Ontario
-
Energy in Ontario
21st century 'Green Energy Hub' program ruined in Ontario's major metropolitan cities:
21st century 'Green Energy Hub' region program in Ontario province including Brant County, Haldimand County and Norfolk County, resulting in cleaner air between 2000-2010, as later increasing levels of greenhouse gases from automobiles have ruined the balance especially in major metropolitan cities like London, Windsor, and Sarnia
Ottawa city:
Ottawa city
, the capital city of Canada, located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario
-
History of Ottawa
-
Demographics of Ottawa
Toronto city:
Toronto city
, the capital of the Canadian province of Ontario located in Southern Ontario on the northern shore of Lake Ontario, is the largest city in Canada and a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture
-
History of Toronto, beginning several millennia ago
-
Media in Toronto
Economy of Toronto:
Economy of Toronto
Since 1450/1610 timeline of Toronto:
Timeline of Toronto history since 1450/1610
1450 several hundred Wyandot live in about 21 longhouses:
15th century several hundred Wyandot (Huron) live in about 21 longhouses within a fortified village located in what is now North Toronto, in the pre-founding time of Toronto
17th century Seneca villages:
17th century Seneca villages exist on the bank of the Humber and on the bank of the lower Rouge River
Since 1750 Fort Rouillé and Fort Toronto:
Since 1750 Fort Rouillé located in what is now Toronto and constructed by the French in an area known as Fort Toronto, as Fort Rouillé was named for Navy's Antoine Louis Rouillé in the administration of King Louis XV of France
April 1813 Battle of York:
April 1813 Battle of York (present-day Toronto), the capital of the colonial province of Upper Canada (present-day Ontario), during the War of 1812
February 2019 strangers attended funeral of Canadian Holocaust survivor who had virtually no family left:
5 February 2019: 150 strangers attended the funeral of Eddie Ford, a Canadian Holocaust survivor, who had virtually no family left to attend his funeral, despite -11 degree weather after a local rabbi made a plea on social media
March 2020 state of emergency in Toronto amid the covid-19 pandemic:
23 March 2020 state of emergency declared in Toronto by mayor John Tory, amid the covid-19 pandemic in Ontario
22 November 2020 campaign convinces Toronto suburb to take Nazi officer’s name off street:
22 November 2020: Campaign convinces Toronto suburb to take Nazi officer’s name off street, as vote for change came after Holocaust survivor testified at Ajax town council meeting, a locality named for British ship that won 1939 battle against German Langsdorff’s vessel
Greater Toronto Area:
Greater Toronto Area, the most populous metropolitan area in Canada consisting of the central city of Toronto and four regional municipalities Durham, Halton, Peel, and York, as of the 2016 census the Greater Toronto Area has a population of 6,417,516 inhabitants
-
Mississauga, situated on the shores of Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Peel, is the sixth-most populous municipality in Canada and second-most in the Greater Toronto Area with a population of 721,599 as of the 2016 census
Demographics and economy of Toronto:
Demographics of Toronto
-
Ethnic groups in Toronto
-
Economy of Toronto
Politics of Toronto:
Politics of Toronto
-
Municipal government of Toronto
October 2018 Toronto municipal and mayoral election:
22 October 2018 Toronto municipal election
-
22 October 2018 Toronto mayoral election
Crime in Toronto:
Crime in Toronto
April 2018 Toronto van attack:
23 April 2018 Toronto van attack
-
24 April 2018: Canadian public security minister says 'no national security connection' after 10 people killed when van rams into pedestrians in Toronto
May 2018 Mississauga explosion:
24 May 2018 Mississauga explosion
-
25 May 2018: At least 15 people are wounded, three critically, in the bombing of a restaurant in the city of Mississauga
July 2018:
25 July 2018: Officials in Toronto are pushing for a ban on the sale of handguns and handgun ammunition, as Canada’s biggest city continues to reel from a shooting that left three people dead and injured 13 others
June 2020 Toronto police officer sentenced over racist violence:
27 juin 2020: La justice canadienne a reconnu coupable vendredi un policier blanc de Toronto d’avoir battu et éborgné un jeune homme noir en 2016
5 November 2020 Toronto policeman jailed for beating black man who lost an eye:
5 November 2020: A Toronto police officer sentenced to 9 months in jail for his assault conviction in the beating of young black man Dafonte Miller who lost an eye when he was arrested in 2016, cornering the then 19-year-old between two homes in Whitby and beating him so badly with a pipe that his left eye burst
Windsor city:
Windsor city
in southwestern Ontario, on the south bank of the Detroit River directly across from Detroit in USA's Michigan state. Windsor is a major contributor to Canada's automotive industry and is culturally diverse. The city's population was 229,660 citizens in 2021, making it the third-most populated city in Southwestern Ontario after London and Kitchener. The Detroit–Windsor urban area is North America's most populous trans-border conurbation, and the Ambassador Bridge border crossing is the busiest commercial crossing on the Canada–USA border.
Detroit–Windsor international transborder agglomeration:
Detroit–Windsor region, an international transborder agglomeration comprising USA's city of Detroit in Michigan state, the Canadian city of Windsor in Ontario province, and the Detroit River between them. The Detroit–Windsor area acts as a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–USA border and has a total population of 5,976,595 citizens. It is North America's largest cross-border conurbation, covering the southeastern Michigan counties of St. Clair, Macomb, Lapeer, Genesee, Livingston, Oakland, Washtenaw, Monroe and Wayne, as well as the southern Ontario counties of Essex, Lambton, Chatham-Kent, and the City of Windsor.
Detroit River and Lake St. Clair:
Detroit River flows west and south for 44km from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie as a strait in the Great Lakes system. The river divides the metropolitan areas of Detroit and Windsor, in an area collectively referred to as Detroit–Windsor, forming part of the border between Canada and the USA. The Ambassador Bridge, the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel, and the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel connect the cities
-
Lake St. Clair, a freshwater lake that lies between the Canadian province of Ontario and USA's Michigan state, part of the Great Lakes system, and along with the St. Clair River and Detroit River, Lake St. Clair connects Lake Huron with Lake Erie
Economy of Windsor city:
Economy of Windsor city, primarily based on manufacturing, tourism, education, and government services, as the city is one of Canada's major automobile manufacturing centres and is home to the headquarters of FCA Canada. Automotive facilities include the FCA Canada minivan assembly plant, two Ford Motor Company engine plants, and several tool and die and automotive parts manufacturers.
Transportation in Windsor city:
Transportation in Windsor city, as city's many rail crossings intersect with north–south thoroughfares, as Windsor is linked to the USA by the 'Ambassador Bridge' (one of the few privately owned USA–Canada crossings), the 'Detroit–Windsor Tunnel', a 'Canadian Pacific Railway' tunnel, and the 'Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry'. The Ambassador Bridge is North America's No. 1 international border crossing in terms of goods volume, as 27% of all trade between Canada and the USA crosses at the Ambassador Bridge.
Rail transport in Windsor city, Ontario province, and in Canada:
Rail transport in Windsor city
-
Rail transport in Ontario
-
Rail transport in Canada
Water transport in Ontario:
Water transport in Ontario
Environment of Ontario:
Environment of Ontario
-
Energy in Ontario
21st century 'Green Energy Hub' program ruined in Ontario's major metropolitan cities:
21st century 'Green Energy Hub' region program in Ontario province including Brant County, Haldimand County and Norfolk County, resulting in cleaner air between 2000-2010, as later increasing levels of greenhouse gases from automobiles have ruined the balance especially in major metropolitan cities like London, Windsor, and Sarnia
20th, 21st century timeline and history of Windsor city:
20th, 21st century timeline and history of Windsor city
2022 truckers 'Freedom Convoy’ protests disrupt 'Ambassador Bridge' and supply chain:
9 February 2022: Truckers ‘Freedom Convoy’ protests fighting covid-19 vaccine mandates disrupt Ambassador Bridge on USA-Canada border as nearly two-week demonstration in Ottawa threatens to expand and affect cross-border trade, a 'crisis on top of a crisis' for supply chain
-
Since January 2022 'Freedom Convoy' ongoing protest in Canada against covid-19 vaccine requirements for truckers to re-enter the country by land introduced by the Canadian government on 15 January 2022
10 February 2022 Michigan governor calls on neighbouring country to quickly resolve bridge's closure:
10 February 2022: Michigan governor Gretchen Whitmer calls on neighbouring country to quickly resolve bridge's closure saying it has severe impacts on Michigan's economy including the auto industry, agriculture, manufacturing, and more
11 February 2022 Ontario has declared state of emergency in response to weeks of not suitable protests:
11 February 2022: Ontario has declared a state of emergency in response to two weeks of not suitable protests against covid restrictions, as the order came as demonstrations continue to shut down parts of Ottawa and the Ambassador Bridge, a vital US-Canada trade link, and as blocking crucial infrastructure would be made 'illegal' under the order, said Premier Doug Ford
12 February 2022 Ontario Provincial Police, RCMP, Windsor police began to clear out the bridge's blockade:
On 12 February 2022, aided by Ontario Provincial Police and RCMP, Windsor police began to clear out the bridge's blockade using new powers
,
after Superior Court Justice Geoffrey Morawetz on Friday ordered an end to the four-day-long blockade of the Ambassador Bridge and to clear the key bridge for the vital bilateral trade, 'Al Jazeera' reports with live updates
13 February 2022 police cleared the remaining protesters blocking key bridge between Canada and USA:
13 February 2022: Police have cleared the remaining protesters blocking a key bridge between Canada and the USA, after a week of disruption, as trucker's protests against covid vaccine certification severely paralysed trade across the Ambassador Bridge in Windsor, and as dozens of demonstrators remained in defiance of judge's order
16 February 2022 ‘strong ties’ between 'freedom convoy' occupiers and extremists:
16 February 2022: Canada’s public safety minister has warned of ties between protesters occupying the country’s capital and a group of dangerous - police seized more than a dozen handguns and rifles, cache of ammunition, body armour - extremists who were charged earlier this week in the border town Alberts's Coutts over an alleged plot to kill police officers, as arrests came when police cleared a blockade at the border, one of a string of such protests mounted in support of the so-called 'freedom convoy' occupation of Ottawa
Province of Quebec:
Province of Quebec
, one of the thirteen Canadian provinces and territories bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay, with a predominantly French-speaking population
History of Quebec:
History of Quebec, that also played a special role in French history, as the modern province occupies much of the land where French settlers founded the colony of Canada (New France) in the 17th and 18th centuries, and as the population is predominantly French-speaking and Roman Catholic, with a large Anglophone minority, augmented in recent decennies by immigrants from more countries and especially from Asian countries
-
Timeline of Quebec history
Politics of Quebec:
Politics of Quebec
-
Elections in Quebec
September 2012 Quebec general election:
Quebec general election 4 September 2012
-
5 September 2012: One killed after man shoots people
at victory rally for
new Quebec prime minister Pauline Marois
(Parti québécois)
-
24 septembre 2012: Pauline Marois a annoncé l'annulation de la hausse de 82% sur sept ans des droits de scolarité prévue par le précédent gouvernement
April 2014 Quebec general election:
7 April 2014 Quebec general election
October 2018 Quebec general election:
1 October 2018 Quebec general election
Timeline of Quebec history since 16th century:
Timeline of Quebec history since 16th century
20th century timeline of Quebec history:
20th century timeline of Quebec history
17-24 August 1943 First Quebec Conference during Axis Powers's World War II:
17-24 August 1943 First Quebec Conference, a highly secret military conference held during Axis Powers's World War II by the governments of the UK, Canada, and the USA Quebec City, as the chief representatives were Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt, hosted by the Canadian PM William Lyon Mackenzie King, without any French representative
Since 1982 timeline of Quebec history:
Since 1982 timeline of Quebec history
February-September 2012 Quebec student protests and movement:
February-September 2012 Quebec student protests and movement, a series of student protests led by student unions such as the ASSÉ, the Fédération étudiante universitaire du Québec, and the Fédération étudiante collégiale du Québec against a proposal by the Quebec Cabinet to raise university tuition from $2,168 to $3,793 between 2012 and 2018, as - part of the protest movement - a series of widespread student strikes were organized, sometimes named Maple Spring (from the French 'Printemps érable' alluding to 'Printemps arabe' (Arab spring)
Disasters in Quebec:
Disasters in Quebec
July 2013 runaway oil train's explosive derailment in Quebec:
July 2013 Lac-Mégantic rail disaster and environmental and polical impact
-
12 July 2013: The first victim identified of a runaway oil train's explosive derailment in Quebec, which left behind a scorched scene so dangerous that it slowed the search for 50 people presumed dead
Montreal:
Montreal
, the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada
-
History of Montreal
Education in Montreal:
Education in Montreal
Politics and list of mayors of Montreal:
Politics and list of mayors of Montreal
Timeline of Montreal history:
Timeline of Montreal history
Pre-European period of Montreal region:
Pre-European period of Montreal region, as the area known today as Montreal had been inhabited by Algonquin, Huron, and Iroquois for some 2,000 years, while the oldest known artifact found in Montreal proper is about 2,000 years old, as in the earliest oral history, the Algonquin migrated from the Atlantic coast, arriving together with other Anicinàpek, at the 'First Stopping Place' (Montréal), founding a 'turtle-shaped island' marked by miigis (cowrie) shells, as the Iroquois, or Haudenosaunee, were centred, from at least 1000 CE, in northern New York, and their influence extended into what is now southern Ontario and the Montreal area of modern Quebec, as in 1142 the Iroquois Confederacy - according to oral tradition - is said to have been formed in 1142 CE, as in the modern Iroquois language, Montréal is called Tiohtià, and as the St. Lawrence Iroquoians established the village of Hochelaga at the foot of Mount Roya
21st century timeline of Montreal:
21st century timeline of Montreal
7-19 December 2022 Montreal UN Biodiversity Conference COP 15:
7-19 December 2022 in Montreal governments from around the world came together to agree on a new set of goals to guide global action through 2030 to halt and reverse nature loss. Nature is critical to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals and limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees. Adoption of a bold global biodiversity framework that addresses the key drivers of nature loss is needed to secure our own health and well-being alongside that of the planet.
-
Effects of climate change on ecosystems
Quebec City:
Quebec City
, the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec and the second largest city in Quebec after Montreal
-
History of Quebec City
Timeline of Quebec City history since 16th century in the emerging colony:
Timeline of Quebec City history since 16th century in the emerging colony of Frech and English/British empires (British North America 1783-1907) and territorial evolution
-
1607–1783 British America
-
1754-1763 French and Indian War
-
1783 Treaty of Paris
Since 1968 'Université du Québec', as later all universities in Quebec became public:
Since 1968 'Université du Québec', a system of ten provincially run public universities in Canada, as its headquarters are in Quebec City, as the university coordinates 300 programs for over 87,000 students after the government of Quebec founded the network of universities in several Quebec cities, and as - in a similar fashion to other Canadian provinces - all universities in Quebec have since become public
Saskatchewan province:
Saskatchewan province
, a prairie and boreal province in Western Canada, the middle of the three prairie provinces, as nearly 10% of Saskatchewan’s total area of 651,900 square kilometres is fresh water, which is composed mostly of rivers, reservoirs, and the province's 100,000 lakes, and as today English is the primary language of the province, with 82.4% of Saskatchewanians speaking English as their first language
History and timeline of Saskatchewan:
History and timeline of Saskatchewan, as prehistoric archaeology studies ancient findings and further classifies them according to traditions followed by the ancient peoples, as Palaeo-Indian Tradition of the Agate Basin finds date to as early as c 6000 BC, Taltheilei Tradition c. 500 BC and Shield Archaic Tradition c 4000 BC., as the Athapaskans, Dene or Chipewyan First Nation lived in the shield area, and were caribou hunters, and as their early archaeological history is documented around 1615
March-June 1885 North-West resistance by the Métis people and an associated uprising by First Nations:
March-June 1885 North-West Rebellion, a resistance by the Métis people and an associated uprising by First Nations Cree and Assiniboine of the District of Saskatchewan against the Canadian government, as many Métis felt that Canada was not protecting their rights, their land, and their survival as a distinct people
Since 19th century immigration and settlement era:
Since 19th century immigration and settlement era
-
Demographics of Saskatchewan since 1901
24 June 2021 Canada discovers 751 unmarked graves at site of Marieval Indian school in Saskatchewan:
24 June 2021: Canada discovers 751 unmarked graves at former residential school, as graves found at site of Marieval Indian school in Saskatchewan, amid growing calls for Catholic church to confront historical role
4 September 2022 stabbing spree in 13 locations on the James Smith Cree Nation and in Weldon:
4 September 2022 stabbing spree occurred in thirteen locations on the James Smith Cree Nation and in Weldon village, a reserve with a population of about 3,400 and Weldon village with a population of 200 inhabitants in Saskatchewan, in which 10 people were killed and 15 others hospitalized. It is one of the deadliest massacres in Canadian history, reported and updated by 'Wikipedia'
5 September 2022 police confirm that hunt for James Smith Cree Nation suspect Myles Sanderson dates back to May:
5 September 2022: Saskatoon police confirm that hunt for James Smith Cree Nation suspect Myles Sanderson dates back to May, as the 30-year-old was serving a federal sentence when he vanished, reported and updated by 'CBC News'
Demographics, ethnic origins of people and immigration to Canada:
Demographics of Canada
-
History of immigration
to Canada
-
Immigration to Canada
Ethnic groups in Canada:
Ethnic groups in Canada
-
Ethnic groups in Canada by province or territory
-
Ethnic origins of people in Canada
Indigenous peoples in Canada and history:
Indigenous peoples in
Canada
-
History of indigenous peoples of North America
2015 inquiry into why indigenous women have been murdered or gone missing over decades:
9 December 2015: PM Justin Trudeau announces an inquiry into why nearly 1,200 indigenous women have been murdered or gone missing over decades, adding that 'a renewed nation-to-nation relationship with First Nations peoples' is 'one that understands that the constitutionally guaranteed rights of First Nations in Canada are not an inconvenience, but a sacred obligation'
2016 indigenous people and poverty:
11/13 April 2016: As Canada’s indigenous people continue to face higher levels of poverty, state of emergency declared over suicide epidemic
in Canadian First Nation community of Attawapiskat
,
a symptom of the country's systemic neglect
-
17 April 2016: Five children tried to take their own lives on Friday evening in Canadian community of Attawapiskat
2017 indigenous children in Canada welfare system:
4 November 2017: Ratio of indigenous children in Canada welfare system is 'humanitarian crisis', minister Jane Philpott says
June 2019 toxic waste management 'blatant disregard for Indigenous rights':
7 June 2019: Canada’s handling of toxic chemicals and industrial waste shows a 'blatant disregard for Indigenous rights', a UN human rights expert has said following an extensive fact-finding mission in the country
April 2021 dozens of Canada’s First Nations lack drinking water:
30 April 2021: Dozens of Canada’s First Nations lack drinking water, as their leaders are suing the Canadian government for not providing clean water, and as ministers admit they have failed
16 June 2021 Native American people of Canada win right to use original names after forced assimilation:
16 June 2021: Native American people in Canada who were forced to use European names on official documents can now apply to restore their original names, in a new policy unveiled as the country’s government seeks to atone for historical abuses, as minister of 'Indigenous services' said 'for far too long, Canada’s colonial legacy has disrupted Indigenous peoples’ Indigenous naming practices and family connections from being recognized'
24 June 2021 Canada discovers 751 unmarked graves at site of Marieval Indian school in Saskatchewan:
24 June 2021: Canada discovers 751 unmarked graves at former residential school, as graves found at site of Marieval Indian school in Saskatchewan, amid growing calls for Catholic church to confront historical role
November 2021 commemoration of sacrifices made by First nations's soldiers in WWII to save democracy:
8 November 2021: On the day to commemorate the sacrifices made by First nations's soldiers in war, community members, police, active military and government representatives came together in 2021 as Chief Allan Polchies spoke in an interview about Axis powers WWII 1939-1945, saying 'the important thing to understand about the Indigenous veterans' participation in the Canadian war is that almost 4,000 of them came forward - one of the first people to come forward to serve in this country and to protect the country and to bring it to its freedom today', and as Veterans Days also commemorate defensive contributions in German empire's WWI 1914-1918
7 August 2023 Canadian First Nation flees wildfire for second time in two years:
7 August 2023: Members of a First Nation in British Columbia have once again been advised to flee their homes to escape record-setting wildfires, just two years after the community in western Canada was devastated in an earlier blaze. Residents of the Lytton First Nation were ordered to evacuate late on Friday. By Sunday, the out-of-control Stein Mountain fire was just 300 meters from reserve land, burning its way down a steep slope that has stymied firefighting efforts, the community’s chief, Niakia Hanna, told Reuters.
History of Black people in Canada:
History of Black people in Canada
Slavery under European colonization:
Slavery under European colonization existed until 1833, when slavery was officially abolished
Culture and languages of Canada:
Culture
of Canada
-
First Nations culture
-
First Nations languages in Canada
-
Languages of Canada
-
Multiculturalism in Canada
Since 1988 Canadian Multiculturalism Act:
Canadian Multiculturalism Act since 1988
Canadian culture by province or territory:
Canadian culture by province or territory
Language demographics of Quebec:
Language demographics of Quebec
List of endangered languages in Canada:
List of endangered languages in Canada
Children's rights in Canada:
Children's rights
in Canada
-
Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children since 1989
-
Canadian Children's Rights Council since 1991
Indigenous child displacement in Canada:
Indigenous child displacement in Canada
21 November 2021 the fields full of children’s bones:
21 November 2021: Indigenous survivors of Canada’s residential schools tell the stories of children, those who never made it out, 'Al Jazeera' reports
Women's rights in Canada:
Women's rights
in Canada
-
History of Canadian women
-
Canadian women in the World Wars
Indigenous Canadian women:
Indigenous Canadian women
-
30 January 2015: Indigenous Women's Issues in Canada
November 2018:
18 November 2018: Human rights groups are calling on Canada to end the coerced sterilization of indigenous women, as a growing number of victims seek to join a class action lawsuit against government and medical professionals
Violence against Indigenous women in Canada:
Violence against Indigenous women in Canada
Missing and murdered Indigenous women:
Missing and murdered Indigenous women, an issue affecting Indigenous people in Canada and the USA, including the First Nations, Inuit, Métis and Native American communities and has been described as a Canadian national crisis
Education in Canada:
Education in Canada
-
Education in Canada by province or territory
Canadian Indian residential school system:
Canadian Indian residential school system
-
Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2015:
6 June 2015: Canada confronts its dark history of human rights violations, as landmark report reveals the state-funded church-run Indian residential school system’s brutal attempt to assimilate thousands of native children for more than a century and gives voice to survivors
2016:
23 September 2016: Powerful art installation in the Government House in Victoria aimed at showcasing residential schools where some 150,000 indigenous children were taken to forcibly integrate into Canadian society
Schools and lists of schools in Canada:
Schools in Canada
-
Lists of schools in Canada by province, territory and city
-
High schools in Canada
Since 2009:
'Ethics and religious culture' course taught in Quebec's elementary and high schools since 2009 to develop dialog skills in response to the changing religious and non religious diversity of cultural communities
Universities and colleges in Canada:
List of universities in Canada
-
Universities and colleges in Canada by province or territory
-
Universities and colleges in Quebec
-
Concordia University located in Montreal
Natural scientific research in Canada:
Natural scientific research in Canada
Museums in Canada:
Museums in Canada
-
Indigenous museums in Canada
Lists of museums in Canada:
List of museums in Canada
Since 1987 'Swords and Ploughshares Museum' in Canada:
Since 1987 'Swords and Ploughshares Museum' in Canada, demonstrating the use of human products for both military and civilian purposes
Health in Canada:
Health in Canada
-
Health in Canada by province or territory
Indigenous health in Canada:
Indigenous health in Canada
-
Indigenous food security in Canada
Medical outbreaks and health disasters in Canada:
Medical outbreaks in Canada
-
Health disasters in Canada
1970 Ontario Minamata disease due to mercury and industrial chemical waste:
1970 Ontario Minamata disease, a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning, It occurring in the Canadian province of Ontario in 1970 and severely affecting two First Nation communities following consumption of local fish contaminated with mercury, and one First Nation in Southern Ontario due to illegal disposal of industrial chemical waste
2000 Walkerton outbreak of waterborne gastroenteritis:
2000 Walkerton outbreak of waterborne gastroenteritis was the result of a contamination of the water supply of Walkerton, Ontario, Canada with E. coli and Campylobacter jejuni bacteria
2002–2004 SARS outbreak among healthcare workers:
2002–2004 SARS outbreak among healthcare workers in Canada
2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak:
2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak
2009 flu pandemic in Canada:
2009 flu pandemic in Canada
Since January 2020 covid-19 pandemic in Canada:
Since January 2020 covid-19 pandemic in Canada
13 April 2020 mutual aid groups respond to double threat of coronavirus and climate change:
13 April 2020: Mutual aid groups respond to double threat of coronavirus and climate change, after Indigenous community organizer Valentina Harper co-founded group in Toronto in mid-March to help people cope with the covid-19 pandemic
5 May 2021 Blackfeet tribe gives surplus vaccines to First Nations relatives in Canada:
5 May 2021: Blackfeet tribe gives surplus vaccines to First Nations relatives in Canada, as effort by illustrates the disparity with which the USA and its northern neighbors are distributing doses
Health in Ontario:
Health in Ontario
-
Health regions of Ontario
-
Chronic disease in Northern Ontario
-
Medical and health organizations based in Ontario
Since January 2020 covid-19 pandemic in Ontario:
Since January 2020 covid-19 pandemic in Ontario
Health, healthccare and hospitals in Quebec:
List of hospitals in Quebec City
Since February 2020 covid-19 pandemic in Quebec:
Since February 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Quebec
March 2020 PM Trudeau in quarantine after wife tests positive for covid-19:
13 March 2020: Canadian PM Trudeau in quarantine after wife tests positive for covid-19, as Ontario, Canada’s most populous province, is closing schools until April 5 amid more measures to tackle crisis
as pandemic reaches world leaders including UN, Australia and USA, closes schools across Europe, also disrupting sporting events
20 July 2020 covid-19 sheds light on Canada's poor treatment of migrant workers:
20 July 2020: Covid-19 pandemic sheds light on Canada's poor treatment of migrant workers, as covid-19 has surged on farms that employ foreign workers, aided by a lack of legal protections and shoddy oversight
Health care in Canada:
Health care
in Canada
-
Health regions, a governance model used by Canada's provincial governments to administer and deliver public health care to all Canadian residents
Lists of hospitals in Canada:
List of hospitals in Canada
-
Lists of hospitals in Canada by province and city
-
Hospitals in Canada by province or territory
Medical and health organizations based in Canada:
Medical and health organizations based in Canada
Media of Canada:
Media of Canada
-
Media ownership in Canada
-
Concentration of media ownership in Canada
22 November 2021 outrage after two journalists detained at Indigenous protest in Canada:
22 November 2021: Outrage after two journalists detained at protest in Canada, as press organizations condemn arrest of Amber Bracken and Michael Toledano while covering Indigenous-led resistance to a controversial pipeline project in British Columbia and remain in custody, and as the 'Narwhal is extremely disturbed that photojournalist Amber Bracken was arrested for doing her job while reporting on the events unfolding in Wet’suwet’en territory', said the editor-in-chief
Newspapers in Canada:
Newspapers in Canada
-
History of Canadian newspapers
-
Canadian Newspaper Association, the national organization of daily newspapers in Canada, founded in 1996, and a non-profit trade association and lobby organization, which represents more than 100 Canadian English and French newspapers
First Nations periodicals, radio and television in Canada:
First Nations periodicals
-
First Nations radio stations in Canada
-
Aboriginal Peoples Television Network in Canada since 1992
Multicultural media in Canada:
Multicultural media in Canada also referred to as 'ethnic media' or 'third media”, as it does not use either French or English language, is media, which responds to the needs of ethnic minorities of Canada
Radio and TV in Canada:
Radio broadcasting in Canada
-
Radio broadcasting companies of Canada
-
Television in Canada
-
History of broadcasting in Canada since 1921
-
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation since 1936
-
Timeline of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
-
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
-
Canadian Communications Foundation is a history of Canadian broadcasting for radio and television chronicles and documents, also providing a history of radio and television stations, including networks, programs, broadcasters and many others
2017:
1 February 2017: In the wake of recent carnage at Quebec City mosque Canadian province’s conservative talk radio hosts under fire for allegedly spreading intolerance and hate, as local talk shows accused of promoting 'white supremacy', fomenting 'adversarial discourse against minorities' and Muslims
Internet in Canada:
Internet in Canada
Freedom of speech in Canada:
Freedom of speech in Canada
-
Censorship in Canada
Crime in Canada:
Crime in Canada
Racism in Canada:
Racism
in
Canada
Anti-Indigenous racism in Canada:
Anti-Indigenous racism in Canada
Slavery of Aboriginals in Canada and Black Canadians:
Slavery of Aboriginals in Canada and Black Canadians
Violence against Indigenous people in Canada:
Violence against Indigenous people in Canada
Violence against Indigenous women in Canada:
Violence against Indigenous women in Canada
November 2018:
18 November 2018: Human rights groups are calling on Canada to end the coerced sterilization of indigenous women, as a growing number of victims seek to join a class action lawsuit against government and medical professionals
Missing and murdered Indigenous women in Canada:
Missing and murdered Indigenous women, an issue affecting Indigenous people in Canada and the USA, including the First Nations, Inuit, Métis and Native American communities and has been described as a Canadian national crisis
May 2019 'National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls':
31 May 2019: The thousands of Indigenous women and girls who were murdered or disappeared across Canada in recent decades are victims of a 'Canadian genocide', says the final report of the national inquiry created to probe the ongoing tragedy, obtained by CBC News and verified by sources, concludind that a genocide driven by the disproportionate level of violence faced by Indigenous women and girls occurred in Canada through 'state actions and inactions rooted in colonialism and colonial ideologies'
Indigenous child displacement in Canada:
Indigenous child displacement in Canada
Anti-black racism in Canada:
Anti-black racism in Canada
Anti-Asian sentiment in Canada:
Anti-Asian sentiment in Canada
White supremacy and Ku Klux Klan in Canada:
White supremacy in Canada
-
Ku Klux Klan, an organization that expanded operations into Canada, based on the second Ku Klux Klan established in the USA in 1915
Antisemitism in Canada:
Antisemitism
in Canada has affected Canadian Jews ever since Canada’s Jewish community was established in the 18th century
-
Holocaust denial in Canada
2016:
20 November 2016: Five incidents of racist and anti-Semitic vandalism reported, three of which targeted local synagogues defaced with swastikas and anti-Semitic language, while a church and mosque also defaced with racist graffiti, as police arrest suspect
2017:
10 May 2017: Holocaust denial drives anti-Semitic incidents in Canada to record number, report says
April 2018:
26 April 2018: There were 1,752 incidents of harassment, vandalism and violence, a 1.4% increase over the record 1,728 last year
,
according to the Audit of Antisemitic Incidents released Tuesday
1939-2018:
7 November 2018: Canadian PM issues apology for Canada’s refusal to let in Jews fleeing Holocaust, saying Canada ‘turned its back’ on 907 refugees on board the MS St. Louis when they tried to escape Nazi Germany in 1939
,
calling on all Canadians to stand up against 'xenophobic and anti-Semitic attitudes'
Hate crimes against Muslims in Canada:
'Islamophobia' in Canada, discourses, behaviours and structures which express feelings of anxiety, fear, hostility and rejection towards Muslims in Canada
-
Islamophobic incidents in Canada
2017 Quebec City mosque shooting:
January 2017 Quebec City mosque shooting
Murder in Canada:
Murder
in Canada
August 2018:
10 August 2018 Fredericton shootings
-
10 August 2018: Four people, including two police officers, have been killed in a shooting in the eastern Canadian city of Fredericton, suspect taken into custody
18/19 April 2020 Nova Scotia spree shooting and mass murder:
18/19 April 2020 Nova Scotia spree shooting, arson, and mass murder:
-
20 April 2020: A gunman in Canada, named as Gabriel Wortman and posing as a police officer, has killed 16 people after a 12-hour shooting rampage across Nova Scotia's Portapique in the worst act of mass murder the country has seen in modern times
4 September 2022 stabbing spree in 13 locations on the James Smith Cree Nation and in Weldon:
4 September 2022 stabbing spree occurred in thirteen locations on the James Smith Cree Nation and in Weldon village, a reserve with a population of about 3,400 and Weldon village with a population of 200 inhabitants in Saskatchewan, in which 10 people were killed and 15 others hospitalized. It is one of the deadliest massacres in Canadian history, reported and updated by 'Wikipedia'
Massacres in Canada:
Massacres in Canada
-
List of massacres in Canada
2016 La Loche Community School shooting:
22 January 2016 La Loche Community School shooting
-
23 January: Saskatchewan grieves after La Loche school shooting as conflicting accounts emerge
Terrorism in Canada:
Terrorism
in Canada
-
Terrorist incidents in Canada
2006:
2006 Ontario terrorism plot
2013:
23 avril 2013: La police canadienne déjoue un attentat contre un train Toronto-New York - les suspects seraient liés à Al-Qaïda en Iran
October 2014 Parliament Hill shooting:
22 October 2014 a gunman shot and killed a soldier on guard at the National War Memorial in Ottawa
-
22 October 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill Ottawa
-
23 October: Gunman, who shot a soldier to death at Ottawa's War Memorial, recently applied for a passport and reportedly sought to travel to Syria or Libya
January 2017 Quebec City mosque shooting:
29 January 2017 Quebec City mosque shooting
-
30 January 2017: Canadian PM Trudeau condemns Quebec City shooting that saw gunmen open fire at a mosque, killing at least six people, saying that 'we condemn this terrorist attack on Muslims in a center of worship and refuge'
-
31 January 2017: Amid pressure from the Canadian PM Trudeau, Fox News has apologized for a tweet that inaccurately identified the French Canadian suspect in Sunday night's Quebec mosque terror attack as a man of Moroccan origin
-
31 January 2017: Quebec City mosque attack suspect known in the city’s activist circles as an online troll who was inspired by extreme right-wing French nationalists, stood up for USA President Donald Trump and was against immigration to Quebec, especially by Muslims
March 2019 Alexandre Bissonnette sentenced:
9 March 2019: Alexandre Bissonnette, sentenced to 40 years in prison without the possibility of parole for the killing of six worshipers at a Quebec mosque in January 2017, has launched an appeal, according to local media
Corruption in Canada:
Corruption
in Canada
1995 SNC-Lavalin Kerala hydroelectric scandal:
1995 SNC-Lavalin Kerala hydroelectric scandal, financial scandal related to a hydroelectric infrastructure contract between the Indian government and Canadian company SNC-Lavalin
1996-2004 sponsorship scandal involving Canadian Liberal Party:
1996-2004 sponsorship scandal came as a result of a Canadian federal government sponsorship program in the province of Quebec and involving the Liberal Party of Canada
Human trafficking in Canada:
Human trafficking in Canada
Catholic sexual abuse cases in Canada:
Catholic sexual abuse
cases in Canada
Law and legal history of Canada:
Law of Canada
-
Legal history of Canada
-
Constitutional history of Canada since 1763
-
Constitution of Canada
-
List of Canadian constitutional documents since 1867
-
Amendments to the Constitution of Canada
-
Canadian Constitution Act, 1982
-
1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
-
History of human rights in Canada
Canadian constitutional law:
Canadian constitutional law, the area of Canadian law relating to the interpretation and application of the Constitution of Canada by the courts
Canadian law by province or territory:
Canadian law by province or territory
-
Canadian provincial legislation
Court system of Canada:
Court system of Canada forms the judicial branch of government, which interprets the law and is made up of many courts differing in levels of legal superiority and separated by jurisdiction, some of the courts are federal in nature while others are provincial or territorial
-
Supreme Court of Canada
-
Federal Court of Appeal in Canada
2016 German Nazi death squad's Helmut Oberlander's case:
23 February 2016: Canada’s federal court of appeal has sent Helmut Oberlander's case back to the country’s federal cabinet for reconsideration, after Oberlander has lived fraudulently in Canada since 1954 and has been in German Nazi death squad estimated to have killed 23,000 civilians – mostly Jews – during the second world war
June 2020 Toronto police officer sentenced over racist violence:
27 juin 2020: La justice canadienne a reconnu coupable vendredi un policier blanc de Toronto d’avoir battu et éborgné un jeune homme noir en 2016
Since 1875 Supreme Court of Canada:
Since 1875 Supreme Court of Canada
-
History of the Supreme Court of Canada
Supreme Court of Canada cases:
Supreme Court of Canada cases
-
Lists of Supreme Court of Canada cases
-
Supreme Court of Canada reasons by year
-
List of Supreme Court of Canada cases by court and year
2018 decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada:
2018 decisions (reasons) of the Supreme Court of Canada
25 April 2021 Indigenous nation in USA has right to lands in Canada, court rules:
25 April 2021: On Friday, Canada’s highest court agreed, ruling that Desautel and the 4,000 other members of the Colville Confederated Tribes in Washington state were successors to the Sinixt, and as a result, that they enjoy constitutionally protected Indigenous rights to hunt their traditional lands in Canada, after for decades the Rick Desautel had been told by courts and governments that his people no longer exist in Canada
Law enforcement in Canada:
Law enforcement in Canada
Law enforcement agencies in Canada:
List of law enforcement agencies in Canada
2016:
28 January 2016: Canada spy agency stops sharing intelligence with 'Five Eyes' international partners after revealing it had illegally collected Canadians’ metadata in sweeps of foreign communications
Foreign relations of Canada:
Foreign relations of Canada
Treaties of Canada:
Treaties of Canada
History of foreign policy and foreign relations of Canada:
History of the foreign relations of Canada
-
History of Canadian foreign policy, as Canada in the 20th century participated in Britain's wars, especially the 1899–1902 Boer war, World War I and World War II (Winston Churchill did not allow Canada a seat in any conference or major war planning committee). However, there was a bitter dispute between Francophone and Anglophone Canada during the First World War. Canada had its own seat in the 'League of Nations' but played a small role in world affairs until the 1940s. Since then it has been active in NATO, the 'United Nations' since 1942, and in promoting its middle-power status into an active role in world affairs
18 June 2020 Canada’s failed UN security council bid exposes Trudeau’s 'dilettante' foreign policy:
18 June 2020: Canada’s failed UN security council bid exposes Trudeau’s 'dilettante' foreign policy
19 October 2022 Canada hosts virtual FM meeting against Iran’s brutal crackdown on recent protests:
19 October 2022: Canada is to host a virtual meeting of female foreign ministers to discuss Iran’s 'brutal' crackdown on protests ignited by the death of a young woman who was detained by morality police for 'improper' use of the hijab, according to FM Melanie Joly, saying she and 14 others will meet virtually to discuss the state of women’s and human rights in Iran, adding that it would give them an opportunity to coordinate efforts and discuss 'ways to increase their collective support for the Iranian people'. Other countries expected to participate in the meeting are Albania, Andorra, Central African Republic, Chile, Iceland, Kosovo, Libya, Liechtenstein, Mongolia and Panama.
Canada and the United Nations:
Canada and the United Nations, as Canada was a founding member of the international body, and was an original signatory of the 'Declaration by United Nations'. Canada has served on the United Nations Security Council UNSC as a non-permanent member 8 times, with the most recent being in 2000. For its first 2 terms in the UNSC, Canada took the Commonwealth seat on the council, but since 1967, Canada has run for the Western European and Others Group seat. Canada is a member of Uniting for Consensus, a group that opposes the G4 nations' bids for permanent seats on the Security Council.
7-19 December 2022 Montreal UN Biodiversity Conference COP 15:
7-19 December 2022 in Montreal governments from around the world came together to agree on a new set of goals to guide global action through 2030 to halt and reverse nature loss. Nature is critical to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals and limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees. Adoption of a bold global biodiversity framework that addresses the key drivers of nature loss is needed to secure our own health and well-being alongside that of the planet.
Bilateral relations of Canada:
Bilateral relations of Canada
Canada/Afghanistan relations:
Canada/
Afghanistan
relations
2017:
14 October 2017: Canadian Joshua Boyle who was held hostage with his family for five years says that the Taliban-linked militants who abducted him and his wife in Afghanistan raped her and killed an infant daughter born in captivity
Canada/Africa relations:
Canada/
Africa
relations
21st century Canadian/London based mining in West Africa, with gold mines in Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Mali:
Semafo Inc. was a Canadian-based mining company with gold production and exploration activities in West Africa until 2020 when it was acquired by Endeavour Mining company - with gold mines in Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Mali - headquartered in the Cayman Islands, operated from its London corporate office, earlier acronym for 'Mining Exploration Society in West Africa', owning and operating the Mana Mine in Burkina Faso, the third-largest gold mine in Burkina Faso, and reached commercial production at the Boungou Mine in September 2018
Arctic policy of Canada:
Arctic
policy of Canada
-
Northern Canada
-
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
2013:
5 December 2013: Canada's PM has ordered the inclusion of the North Pole in the country's Arctic claim
Canada/P.R. of China relations:
Canada/
P.R. of China
relations
Chinese Canadians are Canadians of Chinese descent, making up about 4% of the Canadian population, or about 1.76 million people as of 2016
-
History of Chinese immigration to Canada
October 2018:
2 October 2018: Shell has approved a $12bn (£9.3bn) investment in a mega energy project to send supercooled gas from Canada to China and other Asian countries as they turn from coal to gas, as Shell has a 40% stake in the $31bn Canada LNG joint venture, along with Malaysian, Chinese, Japanese and South Korean energy firms
December 2018:
13 December 2018: A second Canadian man has gone missing in China and is feared detained in what appears to be retaliation for Canada’s arrest of a top executive of telecommunications giant Huawei, Canadian authorities say
29 November 2022 Canada won’t compromise values in relations with China:
29 November 2022: Canada won’t compromise values in relations with China, says foreign minister as the two nations prepare to co-host Cop15, and as FM Mélanie Joly discusses Canada’s long-awaited Indo-Pacific strategy
26 March 2023 new allegations and a resignation strain already fraught China-Canada relations:
26 March 2023: The abrupt resignation of Canadian lawmaker Han Dong over allegations he secretly met with a Chinese diplomat has escalated a row over allegations that Beijing meddled in Canadian elections – and highlighted the complex and often fraught relationship between the two countriesy
Canada/Democratic Republic of the Congo relations:
Canada/
Democratic Republic of the Congo
relations
-
Foreign involvement in the mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Canada
-
Canadian mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Canada/Burma (Myanmar) relations:
Canada/
Burma
(Myanmar) relations
18 February 2021 Canada imposes sanctions on Myanmar military officials in response to coup d’état:
18 February 2021: Canada imposes sanctions on Myanmar military officials in response to coup d’état
7 March 2021 consulting firm, Dickens and Madson Canada hired by Myanmar’s generals:
7 March 2021: Myanmar military hires PR agent to explain 'real situation' to west, as Ari Ben-Menashe, a Tehran-born, Israeli-Canadian lobbyist, former arms dealer, and former Israeli spy says generals have been ‘misunderstood’ as police continue to fire on protesters, also saying his political consulting firm, Dickens and Madson Canada, had been hired by Myanmar’s generals, claiming he is being paid 'a big amount' and will receive a bonus if military sanctions against Myanmar military leaders are lifted
-
7 March 2021: Tens of thousands turn out for Sunday protests despite overnight raids, as demonstrations held in more than half a dozen cities after soldiers and police moved in on several districts in Yangon
Canada/El Salvador relations:
Canada/
El Salvador
relations
OceanaGold Corporation, Canadian-Australian firm producing gold and copper with operations in New Zealand, the Philippines and also looking to open mines in El Salvador
2016:
14 October 2016: An international tribunal has dismissed Canadian-Australian 'OceanaGold' mining company’s demand that the government of El Salvador pay $250m in compensation for refusing to allow it to dig for gold in the tiny Central American country where the slogan 'No to mining, yes to life' has become a national rallying cry, also ordering the firm to pay the Salvadoran government $8m to cover the majority of the country’s legal costs
Canada/Eritrea relations:
Canada/
Eritrea
relations
Since 2010/2011:
Since 2010 Canadian Nevsun Resources Ltd.'s Bisha mine in Eritrea, a large 9.39 million metric tons zinc-copper-silver-gold deposit in western Eritrea, that entered production in February 2011 as a gold producer and transitioned to commercial copper production in 2013
2014:
20 November 2014: Canadian mining company Nevsun Resources Ltd. is being sued for complicity in torture, forced labour, slavery, and crimes against humanity, according to a new lawsuit filed in British Columbia
2016:
6 October 2016: A Canadian court rules that a lawsuit against Nevsun Resources Ltd by Eritreans who say they were forced to work at the company's Bisha mine can proceed in British Columbia
-
14 October 2016: Dozens of Eritreans are to join a groundbreaking civil action in Canada as plaintiffs in a lawsuit against Nevsun Resources, which majority-owns the Bisha mine in north-west Eritrea, claiming they experienced at the mine to forced labour, horrendous working conditions and a climate of fear and intimidation
Canada/Europe relations:
Canada/
Europe
relations, the diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties between Canada and the peoples and states of the European continent
-
Transatlantic relations and recorded European colonization of the Americas since 1492
21 October 2021 solar storm confirms Vikings settled in North America exactly 1,000 years ago:
21 October 2021: Solar storm confirms Vikings settled in North America exactly 1,000 years ago, as analysis of wood from timber-framed buildings in Newfoundland shows Norse-built settlement 471 years before Columbus
Canada/European Union relations:
Canada/
European Union
relations
2016:
13 October 2016: Canada's Trudeau warns EU over CETA reluctance, presuming to say that its failure to ratify CETA deal with Canada will undermine the block’s 'usefulness'
,
as German court gives no free ticket for CETA’s approval
-
30 October: Trudeau off to sign EU trade deal after plane returns briefly with mechanical issues
-
30 October: EU and Canada sign free trade deal
Canada/France relations:
Canada/
France
relations
Canada/Germany relations:
Canada/
Germany
relations
2013:
14 November 2013: Arms-industry lobbyist Karlheinz Schreiber, who fought extradition from Canada for 10 years and was involved in a corruption scandal linked to former German chancellor Kohl, has been convicted of tax evasion and sentenced to 6½ years in prison
2016:
12 March 2016: Canadian Jewish groups are calling on Canada to strip Canadian citizenship of Helmut Oberlander, who was a member of one of the most savage Nazi killing units, responsible for the murder of more than 90,000 Jewish men, women, and children during the Holocaust and who fraudulently gained Canadian citizenship in 1954
Canada/Greece relations:
Canada/
Greece
relations
2015:
24 August 2015: A protest against Skouries gold mine took place a few days after Greek government halted work on the mine of Hellas Gold, the firm which manages the mine on behalf of Canadian giant Eldorado, giving the company a year to review its technical study
Canada/Honduras relations:
Canada/
Honduras
relations
11 August 2014: Canada’s controversial engagement in Honduras, including industrial abuses, expansion of the oil industry, exploitive tourism and so-called 2014 'Free Trade Agreement'
Canadian mining in Honduras:
Canadian mining in Honduras
-
Canadian Goldcorp Inc.'s San Martin Mine in Honduras
2009:
14 July 2009: Canada supports the military coup in Honduras, after the world was less aware of the ongoing role that the Canadian government and Canadian mining companies play in pushing many Hondurans further into poverty
2011:
9 May 2011: The real cost of gold in Honduras, Canadian Goldcorp Inc. and Honduras regime cover-up blood and urine testing and poisoning at San Martin mine
2014:
11 July 2014: The recent accident in a gold mine in San Juan de Arriba in the village of Cuculmeca Hill, which trapped 11 miners, seized the attention of a country, where companies exist and operate within a framework of maximum exploitation of the labor force and the total destruction of the environment, regardless of whether they are transnational or local, 'legal' or 'illegal'
-
11 August 2014: Canada’s controversial engagement in Honduras, including industrial abuses, expansion of the oil industry, exploitive tourism and so-called 2014 'Free Trade Agreement'
2015:
31 January 2015: Canadian mining company 'Glen Eagle Resources' has announced it will begin operations in southern Honduras, operating a gold processing plant in a 'free trade zone' (Industrial Mining Park) in the city of Choluteca
2016:
21 April 2016: First Nations women leaders, legal and human rights activists call on the Canadian government to take a lead in calling for an independent, international investigation into the murder of Indigenous activist Berta Cáceres, and to investigate Canada’s engagement with the Central American country since a 2009 military-backed coup
Canada/India relations:
Canada/
India
relations
19 September 2023 Canada killing adds to suspicions of Indian crackdown on Sikh separatists:
19 September 2023: On Monday, Justin Trudeau alleged there was 'credible evidence' that the Indian government was behind the assassination of Nijjar, an explosive accusation that torpedoed already frayed diplomatic relations between India and Canada. The Indian government has in recent months openly pursued and arrested Khalistani militants and sympathisers within its own borders, and Sikh groups have accused the government of taking its crackdown on dissent beyond Indian territory.
Canada/Iran relations:
Canada/
Iran
relations
2012:
8 September 2012: Canada closes its embassy in Iran accusing the Iranian government to be 'the most significant threat to global peace and security in the world today'
2013:
14 June 2013: Through a unanimous consent of all parties in the Canadian parliament Canada recognizes Iran’s 1988 massacre as crime against humanity
,
after Khomeini ordered that nearly 5,000 political prisoners were systematically executed without trial
2015:
31 March 2015: A Canada-based Iranian writer and television producer was put into Tehran's notorious Evin prison soon after his return to his home country
2016:
8 June 2016: University professor of social anthropology Homa Hoodfar from Montreal, who was born in Iran but has been living in Canada for 30 years, has been jailed in Iran’s notorious Evin prison after conducting academic research on women in Iran
,
relatives and lawyer have been unable to see her
-
11 June 2016: A Canadian judge orders Iran’s non-diplomatic land and bank accounts in Canada to be handed over to victims of attacks by Hamas and Hezbollah, sponsored by Iranian regime
February 2018:
11 February 2018: Family, colleagues of Iranian-Canadian environmentalist Kavous Seyed Emami reject Iranian regime's account of prominent professor's death on Sunday after authorities claimed he committed suicide in Iranian prison a fortnight after his arrest
10 January 2020 Iranian missile murdered 176 people in Ukrainian plane:
10 janvier 2020: Justin Trudeau, tout comme Donald Trump et Boris Johnson, affirme qu'un missile iranien est à l'origine du crash mercredi à Téhéran, qui a entraîné la mort de 176 personnes, majoritairement irano-canadiennes
13 January 2020 Canada remembers victims killed by the Iranian Khamenei, Rouhani, Zarif Mullah regime:
13 January 2020: Anger and grief as Canada remembers Iran plane crash victims, killed by the Iranian Khamenei, Rouhani, Zarif Mullah regime, as PM says 'we will not rest until there is justice and accountability'
19 October 2022 Canada hosts virtual FM meeting against Iran’s brutal crackdown on recent protests:
19 October 2022: Canada is to host a virtual meeting of female foreign ministers to discuss Iran’s 'brutal' crackdown on protests ignited by the death of a young woman who was detained by morality police for 'improper' use of the hijab, according to FM Melanie Joly, saying she and 14 others will meet virtually to discuss the state of women’s and human rights in Iran, adding that it would give them an opportunity to coordinate efforts and discuss 'ways to increase their collective support for the Iranian people'
Canada/Iraq relations:
Canada/
Iraq
relations
-
Canada and the Iraq War
Canada/Israel relations:
Canada/
Israel
relations
Canada/Jamaica relations:
Canada/
Jamaica
relations
Since 1980s international 'Shower Posse' drug and arms smuggling gang:
Since 1980s 'Shower Posse' gang which is involved with drug and arms smuggling with its home is in Tivoli Gardens in Jamaica, but primarily operating in the Canadian provinces of Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and the USA states of New York, New Jersey, Florida, and Pennsylvania, as the gang has a strong international presence and a prominent role in the New York City drug trade and a large presence in Toronto
Canada/Japan relations:
Canada/
Japan
relations
-
7 April 2015: Fukushima disaster radiation detected off Canada's coast
Canada/Kazakhstan relations:
Canada/
Kazakhstan
relations
-
Inkai Uranium Project - joint venture of Cameco Corporation (60%)
and KazAtomProm (40%)
-
Uranium One
Canadian mining in Latin America and the Caribbean:
Canadian mining in
Latin America
and the Caribbean
Canada/Mali relations:
Canada/
Mali
relations
Since the late 1980s Canada's mining companies in Mali:
Canada's mining in Mali and gold production - ten of the 'at least 19' foreign mining companies reported by the USA Geological Survey as active in Mali in 2006 were incorporated in Canada
-
Since 1996 Sadiola Gold Mine in the Kayes Region of Mali, jointly owned by AngloGold Ashanti and Iamgold
-
Since 2001 Yatela Mine in the Kayes Region of Mali, a joint venture of AngloGold Ashanti and IAMGOLD
Canada/Mexico relations:
Canada/
Mexico
relations
October 2018:
1 October 2018: Canada and USA reach free trade deal with Mexico, replacing the 24-year-old North American Free Trade Agreement
Canada/Pakistan relations:
Canada/
Pakistan
relations
May 2019:
8 May 2019: Asia Bibi, freed last year after spending eight years on death row for blasphemy, arrives in Canada after leaving Pakistan
Canada/Philippines relations:
Canada/
Philippines
relations
2018:
8 February 2018: Canada's Trudeau administration has sold 16 combat helicopters worth $185m to the Philippine air force despite criticizing Duterte’s human rights abuses
Canada/Romania relations:
Canada/
Romania
relations
Canada/Romania trade relations:
Canada/Romania trade relations
2013:
4 September 2013: Thousands of citizens first took to the streets in cities across the country, spurred by the Romanian government's recent draft bill to allow Canadian company 'Gabriel Resources' to mine gold and silver at the Carpathian town Rosia Montana
2017:
14 July 2017: Romania has served Canadian mining company 'Gabriel Resources' with a $8.6m back taxes bill days after the company filed a $4.4bn compensation claim over a stalled gold mine project in the Apuseni mountains
Canada/Russia relations:
Canada/
Russia
relations
-
Uranium One
2014/2015:
17 September 2014: Canada announces more sanctions against Russia for military aggression in Ukraine
-
10 February 2015: After meeting with Germany’s chancellor Angela Merkel Canada's PM Stephen Harper says Russia's Putin should halt fighting in Ukraine by Russian-backed militants and that he won’t rule out sending lethal weapons for Ukraine
-
18 February 2015: Canada hits Russian regime with more sanctions over Ukraine
-
12 May 2015: Canada calls on Russia to leave occupied territory of Ukraine
-
13 May 2015: Canadian FM Rob Nicholson says Russian regime has proved it cannot be trusted
-
4 June 2015: Canada's PM Stephen Harper says Russia can't rejoin G-7 with Putin in power
-
17 November 2015: Canadian PM Trudeau slams Russian regime for invading Ukraine, saying 'that Russia's interference in Ukraine must cease'
2016:
29 March 2016: Canada wants anti-Russian sanctions to be maintained or strengthened, opposing Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea
Canada/Saudi-Arabia relations:
Canada/
Saudi-Arabia
relations
June 2013:
15 June 2013: A Saudi court handed two Saudi women 10-month jail sentences for seeking to help a Canadian woman who wanted to leave her Saudi husband with their children
June 2015:
7 juin 2015: Philippe Couillard a réitéré que le Québec est prêt à accueillir Raif Badaoui n’importe quand après la Cour suprême d'Arabie saoudite a confirmé la peine de 10 ans de prison et de 1000 coups de fouet prononcée contre le blogueur saoudien emprisonné
January 2019:
11/12 January 2019: After facing deportation from Thailand
and prosecution in Saudi Arabia for renouncing Islam, Rahaf al-Qunun granted asylum in Canada
Canada/Switzerland relations:
Canada/
Switzerland
relations
October 2018:
4 October 2018: While Nestlé extracts millions of litres daily from Six Nations treaty land, residents have no drinking water in Native community located in prosperous southern Ontario in Canada, which along with Switzerland regularly ranks as one of the United Nations’ top places in the world to live
Canada/Syria relations:
Canada/
Syria
relations
2013:
26 April 2013: Canada's FM John Baird says no reason to doubt reports of chemical weapon use in Syria wanting to see a full UN investigation
2014/2015:
10 March 2014: Canadian photojournalist Ali Mustafa was killed in a helicopter barrel bomb attack in Aleppo along with 10 other civilians and four opposition members
-
3 September 2015: Aylan Kurdi, whose 3-year-old body was captured face-down in the surf in images that have horrified the world, set out for Europe only after Canada rejected his family's refugee application, Canadian lawmaker Donnelly says
-
6 September 2015: Aunt of drowned Syrian boys wants to bring the rest of the family to Canada, blaming herself for the tragedy and saying 'I sent him the money to pay the smuggler'
2016:
24 February 2016: At a meeting with Canada’s FM Stephane Dion, the Syrian Coalition's political committee called upon the Canadian government to support the efforts aimed at bringing about a real political transition in Syria without Bashar al-Assad and his inner circle
-
16 November 2016: Canadian FM Stephane Dion welcomes Syrian opposition leader for talks as meetings are touching on ways to circumvent Russia's veto power at the UNSC in order to end the bloodshed of Syrian civilians
2017:
30 October 2017: Canada announced it would continue 'to rally the international community to hold perpetrators of war crimes in Syria to account', stressing that 'the use of chemical weapons by any actor is a breach of international law'
February 2019:
24 February 2019: Around 2,000 mourners attended the funeral on Saturday of seven children from a Syrian refugee family who died earlier this week in an as-yet unexplained house fire in Halifax, eastern Canada
Canada/Tanzania relations:
Canada/
Tanzania
relations
June 2019:
18 June 2019: North Mara, one of the biggest mines in Tanzania, which since 2006 has been operated by Acacia Mining and predominantly owned by the world’s biggest and Toronto-based goldmining company Barrick, reportedly has been a place of danger, extreme violence and allegations of environmental contamination for the past two decades
Canada/Ukraine relations:
Canada/
Ukraine
relations
2014/2015:
18 September 2014: Canada ready to join post-war reconstruction of Donbas
-
20 December 2014: Canada supports Ukraine's fight against Putin regime, Canadian PM Harper says, announcing additional economic sanctions, travel bans and export restrictions on technologies
-
10 February: Canada's PM Stephen Harper won’t rule out sending lethal weapons for Ukraine
-
6 June 2015: Canada allocates $5 mln for training new Ukrainian police, Ukraine's PM Arseniy Yatsenyuk says after a meeting with his Canadian counterpart Stephen Harper
2016:
16 February 2016: 'The NATO, in particular the United States together with Canada, should consider the issue on providing Kyiv with lethal equipment as Russia does not fulfill the Minsk agreements', Canada's James Bezan says
-
12 March 2016: Canadian Jewish groups are calling on Canada to strip Canadian citizenship of Helmut Oberlander, who was a member of one of the most savage Nazi killing units, responsible for the murder of more than 90,000 Jewish men, women, and children during the Holocaust and who fraudulently gained Canadian citizenship in 1954
26 September 2023 Canada parliament speaker resigns after inviting a Ukrainian Nazi veteran:
26 September 2023: Canada parliament speaker Rota resigns after inviting a Ukrainian Nazi veteran to attend a special session of parliament, and then calling the man a 'hero' amid two standing ovations.
Canada/United Kingdom relations:
Canada/
United Kingdom
relations
Since 18th century Canadian territories in the British Empire:
Since 18th century Canadian territories in the British Empire
6 July 2021 calls to re-examine UK's colonial history in Canada after discovery of more than 1,000 graves at schools for Indigenous children:
6 July 2021: The United Kingdom is facing growing calls to re-examine the troubling legacy of its colonial history in Canada after the discovery of more than 1,000 unmarked graves at former residential schools for Indigenous children, as at least 150,000 Indigenous children were forced to attend such church-run schools as part of the campaign to strip them of their cultural identity, and amid today growing anger over Catholic church’s role in operating the institutions
-
6 July 2021: 'Native children didn’t ‘lose’ their lives at residential schools. Their lives were stolen', according to Erica Violet Lee in the British 'Guardian'
Canada/USA relations:
Canada/
USA
relations
-
Canada–United States trade relations
-
CIA activities in Canada
1991:
Air Quality Agreement between Canada and the USA 1991
2013:
2013 global surveillance disclosures
-
28 November 2013: USA reportedly spied on G8 and
G20
summits in Ontario in 2010
2016:
23 January 2016: Kinder Morgan’s proposed pipeline-expansion project in Canada will put the fishing rights and cultural heritage of USA tribes at risk, a lawyer representing several Washington state tribes told Canadian energy regulators
2017:
8 August 2017: Sale of genetically modified salmon, having growth hormone gene that enables it to grow more rapidly and produced by USA company AquaBounty Technologies, in Canada alarms environmentalists
2016/2018:
21 June 2018: Canada uses massive USA database at borders, after Obama and Trudeau in March 2016 agreed to expand the Tuscan border database, but made no public mention of it
October 2018:
1 October 2018: Replacing 24-year-old North American Free Trade Agreement, Canada and USA reach free trade deal with Mexico
,
now to be known as the USA-Mexico-Canada Agreement, settling differences on dairy and auto industry products
25 April 2021 Indigenous nation in USA has right to lands in Canada, court rules:
25 April 2021: On Friday, Canada’s highest court agreed, ruling that Desautel and the 4,000 other members of the Colville Confederated Tribes in Washington state were successors to the Sinixt, and as a result, that they enjoy constitutionally protected Indigenous rights to hunt their traditional lands in Canada, after for decades the Rick Desautel had been told by courts and governments that his people no longer exist in Canada
25 June 2021 Canada places USA neo-Nazi linked militia on terror list:
25 June 2021: Canada places USA neo-Nazi linked militia group Three Percenters, recently linked to a 2020 plot to kidnap the governor of Michigan on terror list, saying group linked to 6 January Capitol attack has active presence in Canada and could threaten national security
1 April 2023 eight bodies of migrants recovered from waters at USA-Canada border:
1 April 2023: Eight bodies recovered from waters at USA-Canada border, as two more people found on Friday, and as authorities says dozens of Indian and Romanian migrants have been crossing through Mohawk territory
8 June 2023 Joe Biden offers all available firefighting assets against Canada's 2023 wildfires with high levels of air pollution:
8 June 2023: Millions of people across North America continue to struggle with extremely high levels of air pollution amid Canada’s worst-ever start to wildfire season, 'The Guardian reports with live updates
Canada/Vatican relations:
Canada/
Vatican
relations
2017:
29 May 2017: Trudeau asks Pope Francis to apologise to indigenous people for church's abuses, inviting pontiff to travel to Canada to say sorry, after starting in the late 19th century about 30% of children of Canada’s native peoples, or about 150,000 children, were placed in what were known as 'residential schools' in a government attempt to strip them of their traditional cultures and ancestral languages
Canada/Vietnam relations:
Canada/
Vietnam
relations
-
Canada and the Vietnam War
-
Assistance to the USA
Environment of Canada:
Environment of
Canada
-
Natural history of Canada
-
Geology of Canada
-
Geology of Canada by province or territory
Ecozones and landforms of Canada:
Environment of Canada by province or territory
-
Ecozones of Canada
-
Lists of landforms of Canada
Glaciers in Canada:
List of glaciers in Canada
-
Glaciers of Canada by province or territory
-
Bodies of ice of Canada by province or territory
-
Glaciology of Canada
2018 shrinking glaciers:
17 July 2018: As average annual temperature rises 3.6C in 70 years, hundreds of glaciers in Canada’s high Arctic are shrinking and many are at risk of disappearing completely, an unprecedented inventory of glaciers in the country’s northernmost island using satellite imagery has revealed
Forests of Canada:
Forests of Canada
-
Forest cover by province or territory in Canada
Environmental issues in Canada:
Environmental issues
in Canada
-
Pollution in Canada
-
Air pollution in Canada
-
Canada and the Kyoto Protocol
-
Great Bear Rainforest
April 2019 greenhouse gas emission:
24 avril 2019: Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre issues de l'extraction des sables bitumineux de l'Ouest canadien sont nettement supérieures aux données déclarées par l'industrie pétrolière, selon une étude publiée par la revue 'Nature Communications'
Climate change in Canada:
Climate change in Canada
-
Climate change in the Arctic
2014:
19 May 2014: Glaciers in Canada rapidly melting, an American state-of-the union report on climate change says
2017 perilous ice conditions off the coast of Newfoundland:
14 June 2017: Scientists in Canada have been forced to abandon an expedition to the Hudson Bay to research the impact of climate change, after warming temperatures created perilous ice conditions off the coast of Newfoundland
April 2019 Canada warming twice as fast as the rest of the world:
2 April 2019: Canada is warming twice as fast as the rest of the world, a landmark government report has found, suggesting that the majority of warming is the result of burning fossil fuels and warning that drastic action is the only way to avoid catastrophic outcomes
June 2019 permafrost at outposts in the Canadian Arctic thawing 70 years earlier:
18 June 2019: Permafrost at outposts in the Canadian Arctic is thawing 70 years earlier than predicted, an expedition has discovered, in the latest sign that the global climate crisis is accelerating even faster than scientists had feared
Forests and wildlife of Canada:
Forests of Canada
-
Wildlife of Canada
2017:
15 September 2017: Half of Canada's monitored wildlife is in decline, including several species already listed as threatened or endangered in the country, according to a new analysis looking at the long term trends of more than 900 species of wildlife
Waste and waste management in Canada:
Waste in Canada
-
Waste management in Canada
Since 2013 Canada–Philippines waste dispute:
Since 2013 Canada–Philippines waste dispute, an ongoing international row over mislabeled Canadian garbage shipped to Manila by a recycling company
June 2019 industrial waste management 'blatant disregard for Indigenous rights':
7 June 2019: Canada’s handling of toxic chemicals and industrial waste shows a 'blatant disregard for Indigenous rights', a UN human rights expert has said following an extensive fact-finding mission in the country
Disasters in Canada:
Disasters
in Canada
Disasters in Quebec:
Disasters in Quebec
July 2013 runaway oil train's explosive derailment in Quebec:
6 July 2013 Lac-Mégantic rail disaster and environmental and polical impact
Natural disasters in Canada:
Natural disasters in Canada
Heat waves in Canada:
Heat waves
in Canada
July 2018 Eastern Canada heat wave:
July 2018 Eastern Canada heat wave
-
5 July 2018: Six more people have died in Montreal’s heatwave, bringing to 12 the city’s total death toll from the extreme weather conditions that have gripped central and eastern Canada
Since June 2021 Western North America heat wave:
Since June 2021 Western North America heat wave
-
28 June 2021: Canada hits record temperature of 46.1C amid heatwave, as British Columbian village sets new record, with most of western Canada subject to heat warning
1 July 2021 British Columbia sees 195% increase in sudden deaths during Canada and northern American heatwave:
1 July 2021: British Columbia sees 195% increase in sudden deaths during Canada and northern American heatwave, as chief coroner says more than 300 deaths could be attributed to the extreme temperatures in June-July
3 July 2021 record heatwave may have killed 500 people in western Canada until now:
3 July 2021: Nearly 500 people may have been killed by record-breaking temperatures in Canada’s westernmost province, as officials warn the grim toll from 'heat dome' could rise again as more deaths are reported, as on Friday, British Columbia’s chief coroner said that 719 'sudden and unexpected deaths' had been reported over the past week
Wildfires in Canada:
Wildfires
in Canada
2014:
2014 forest fire season in the Northwest Territories of Canada is reputed to be the worst for at least two decades
-
10 July 2014: Hospital staff seeing more lung complaints as more than 130 forest fires are burning in the Northwest Territories
2015:
2015 Canadian wildfires were a series of wildfires across Canada and Alaska in July 2015 which spread smoke across most of North America
2016:
May 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire in Alberta
-
5 May 2016: State of emergency in Alberta as wildfire forces Fort McMurray evacuation
-
6 May: Officials plan mass road convoy as Canada's wildfires grow tenfold
-
8 May: Wildfire ripping through Canada's oil sands region blazed for a seventh day on Sunday as officials warned almost 100,000 evacuees would not be returning home soon
-
17 May 2016: Shift in Alberta wildfire prompts evacuation of oil sands work camps
-
18 May 2016: Alberta wildfire destroys oil sands work camp as thousands of staff evacuated
2017:
18 July 2017: Canada is deploying military aircraft and Australia is sending 50 firefighters to battle rapidly spreading wildfires in British Columbia that have forced 39,000 people from their homes
2018:
16 August 2018: The Canadian province of British Columbia has declared a state of emergency as thousands of firefighters battle more than 500 wildfires with little relief in sight
2019 Alberta wildfires:
2019 Alberta wildfires, described by NASA as part of an extreme fire season in the province, as from March to June 24 there were a total of 803,393.32 hectares burned
8 August 2022 Canadian province declares emergency amid worst wildfires in over 50 years:
8 August 2022: Canadian province declares emergency amid worst wildfires in over 50 years, aa blazes have consumed vast tracts of forest in Newfoundland and Labrador and remain out of control
Spring 2023 Alberta wildfires:
Spring 2023 Alberta wildfires, a series of ongoing wildfires in the province of Alberta, including in May 91 active wildfires throughout the province, 25 of them out of control. Multiple communities have been placed under evacuation orders, resulting in over 29,000 people being evacuated. On May 6, the province of Alberta declared a provincial state of emergency.
Since May 2023 Nova Scotia wildfires:
Since May 2023 Nova Scotia wildfires, a series of ongoing wildfires in the province of Nova Scotia, that - as of 2 June 2023 - have burned approximately 24,128 hectares. Evacuation orders and local states of emergency have been put in place, resulting in the evacuation of over 18,000 people.
Since 2 June 2023 Central Canada wildfires:
Since 2 June 2023 Central Canada wildfires, a series of ongoing wildfires in the Central Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec that began on 2 June. A combined total of 211 wildfires are reported as of June 5 by the Ontario and Quebec governments; 145 of them considered to be out of control. Currently, there are 400 firefighters working in Quebec. Air quality is expected to be impacted for both provinces. Due to an unseasonable stretch of hot and dry conditions, fire risk is at dangerous to extreme levels for nearly both provinces.
7 June 2023 firefighters battling more than 400 blazes in Canadian wildfires:
7 June 2023: Firefighters battling more than 400 blazes in Canadian wildfires, as tens of millions in the USA struggle with smoke pollution, 'The Guardian reports with live updates
8 June 2023 Canada battles hundreds of wildfires as smoke still chokes major cities:
8 June 2023: Wildfire crews in Canada continue to battle hundreds of blazes across the country as air quality in major cities remains poor and other regions brace for intense heat, and as experts warn Canada needs to do a better job of readying its communities in areas increasingly prone to destructive blazes
8 June 2023 people in USA and Canada urged to wear masks as toxic air quality alerts continue:
8 June 2023: Millions of people across North America continue to struggle with extremely high levels of air pollution amid Canada’s worst-ever start to wildfire season, 'The Guardian reports with live updates
10 June 2023 experts issue climate warning, as global heating and human changes to the landscape have invited more destructive fires, making fire season worse:
10 June 2023: Weeks of unprecedented wildfires in Canada have burned millions of hectares, displaced more than 100,000 residents and plunged the country into a nationwide crisis as exhausted crews battle hundreds of blazes, as experts say that a changing climate and human actions on the landscape will probably make fire seasons worse in the coming years
20 June 2023 Canada is on fire, and big oil is the arsonist:
20 June 2023: Canada is on fire from coast to coast to coast, catastrophic flooding in Pakistan, back-to-back cyclones in the Pacific islands and droughts in Africa haven’t been enough to create a tipping point for action. Now that climate impacts have hit the economic capital of western power, will it spur governments in the global north to get serious? A lack of scientific knowledge about climate change is not the barrier. Nor is a lack of cleaner, safer, cheaper energy alternatives. The IPCC said as much last year, that the barrier is vested fossil fuel interests putting their profit above our safety, according to Canadian advisor on climate and energy issues Tzeporah Berman.
27 June 2023 this year’s wildfire season is already worst on record in Canada, as smoke could reach Europe this week:
27 June 2023: Canada’s wildfire emissions hit record high with 160m tonnes of carbon, as this year’s wildfire season is already worst on record in Canada, and smoke could reach Europe this week, 'The Guardian' reports
7 July 2023 Canada faces ‘long, tough summer’ of wildfires with even hotter temperatures:
7 July 2023: Canadian officials have warned that the country faces a 'long, tough summer' of wildfires as the current season shatters previous records and forecasts predict even hotter temperatures to come. Federal data showed that on Friday more than 9m hectares of the country had burned, shattering a 34-year record, 'The Guardian' reports
7 August 2023 Canadian First Nation flees wildfire for second time in two years:
7 August 2023: Members of a First Nation in British Columbia have once again been advised to flee their homes to escape record-setting wildfires, just two years after the community in western Canada was devastated in an earlier blaze. Residents of the Lytton First Nation were ordered to evacuate late on Friday. By Sunday, the out-of-control Stein Mountain fire was just 300 meters from reserve land, burning its way down a steep slope that has stymied firefighting efforts, the community’s chief, Niakia Hanna, told Reuters.
17 August 2023 in the Yellowknife wildfire traffic clogs road out of town as residents race to evacuate:
17 August 2023: Long lines of traffic have clogged the only road out of the Canadian city of Yellowknife, after authorities ordered the first ever evacuation of a capital in the face of an advancing wildfire. More than 20,000 residents – the entire population – have been given until noon on Friday to leave their homes, as water bombers flew throughout the night and authorities warned that the fire could reach the city by the weekend.
18 August 2023 evacuation of the northern Canadian city of Yellowknife continuing as wildfires bear down:
18 August 2023: The evacuation of the northern Canadian city of Yellowknife is continuing as wildfires bear down, the 'BBC' reports with live updates
20 August 2023 thousands told to flee in British Columbia, as drone-flying tourists criticised in wildfire area:
20 August 2023: Officials in the Canadian province of British Columbia have implored tens of thousands of residents to heed warnings and evacuate from areas threatened by 'severe and fast-changing' wildfires, and urged irresponsible wildfire tourists to stop flying drones in the area. Bowinn Ma, the province’s minister of emergency management, said 'we cannot stress strongly enough how critical it is to follow evacuation orders when they are issued,... they are a matter of life and death not only for the people in those properties, but also for the first responders who will often go back to try to implore people to leave.'
16 January 2024 Canadian man who claimed wildfires were a federal conspiracy admits arson:
16 January 2024: Canadian man Brian Paré, who claimed forest fires 2023 were the result of a government conspiracy, has pleaded guilty to lighting more than a dozen blazes during the country’s record-breaking wildfire season, as nearly 100 fires persist in drought-stricken regions. Brian Paré admitted to 13 counts of arson and one count of arson with disregard for human life at the courthouse in central Quebec, an act that drew away key firefighting resources from nearly 700 fires in the province last summer.
13 May 2024 thousands evacuated in Canada as intense British Columbia wildfire approaches town:
13 May 2024: An intense wildfire could hit a town in western Canada on Monday, based on forecasts of strong winds that have been fueling the out-of-control blaze which has already forced the evacuation of thousands, fire experts and officials warned. The British Columbia wildfire service said the blaze was burning just 2km north-west of Fort Nelson, which has already seen about 3,500 people evacuated from there after an order to leave was issued on Friday, 'The Guardian' reports
Storms and hurricanes in Canada:
Hurricanes
in Canada
-
September 2010 Hurricane Igor:
September 2010 Hurricane Igor, a very large Cape Verde hurricane and the most destructive tropical cyclone on record to strike the Canadian island of Newfoundland
September/October 2011 Hurricane Ophelia:
September/October 2011 Hurricane Ophelia, the most intense hurricane of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season, affecting Leeward Islands, Bermuda and Newfoundland
October 2012 Hurricane Sandy:
Effects of October 2012 Hurricane Sandy in Canada
October 2016 Typhoon Songda:
October 2016 Typhoon Songda
September 2019 hurricane Dorian:
September 2019 hurricane Dorian
August-September 2021 Hurricane Larry:
August-September 2021 Hurricane Larry, a strong and long-lived Cape Verde hurricane that became the first hurricane to make landfall in Newfoundland since Igor in 2010, as the twelfth named storm, fifth hurricane, and third major hurricane of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season
23 May 2022 deadly thunderstorms in Canada’s two most populous provinces Ontario and Quebec:
23 May 2022: The death toll from powerful thunderstorms in Canada’s two most populous provinces Ontario and Quebec has risen to at least eight, authorities said on Sunday, as emergency crews continued a massive clean-up to restore power to half a million people.
September 2022 Hurricane Fiona, the 'deepest low-pressure system ever to be recorded on Canadian soil':
September 2022 Hurricane Fiona, the 'deepest low-pressure system ever to be recorded on Canadian soil', with a pressure of 931 millibars. The storm caused major flooding in southeastern New Brunswick, northeastern Nova Scotia and southern Newfoundland
-
25 September 2022: Power lines have been downed and houses washed into the sea after Storm Fiona battered Canada's coastline
Floods in Canada:
Floods
in Canada
Since 1879 listed history of flooding in Canada:
Since 1879 listed history of flooding in Canada, including floods caused by snowmelt runoff or freshet flooding, storm-rainfall and 'flash flooding', ice jams during ice formation and spring break-up, natural dams, coastal flooding on ocean or lake coasts from storm surges, hurricanes and tsunamis. Urban flooding can be caused by stormwater runoff, riverine flooding and structural failure when engineered flood management structures, including dams and levees, prove inadequate to manage the quantities and force of flood waters. Floods can also occur when groundwater levels rise entering buildings cracks in foundation, floors and basements.
21st century floods with quantity and force of flooding events increasing in Canada:
21st century floods in Canada with quantity and force of flooding events increasing
June 2013 Alberta floods:
June 2013 Alberta floods
-
21 juin 2013: Les autorités de Calgary, la capitale canadienne du pétrole, ont fait évacuer une partie du centre-ville
June 2016 British Columbia floods:
18 June 2016: Intense flooding prompts northern communities in British Columbia province to declare states of emergency, just a month after forest fires prompted evacuations in the region
May 2017 Quebec floods:
2017 Quebec floods
-
9 mai 2017: Les inondations dans 171 localités du Québec, dont 10 ont déclaré l'état d'urgence, ont provoqué l'évacuation d'environ 2000 personnes
April 2019 springtime floods in the eastern Canada:
21/22 avril 2019: Gonflés par les fortes pluies et la fonte des neiges, les fleuves et rivières menacent des milliers d'habitations dans l'est du Canada, principalement au Québec où plus de 1500 personnes ont été déjà évacuées tandis que quelque 600 militaires étaient déployés sur le terrain
-
30 April 2019: Thousands evacuated from eastern Canada as PM admits urgent action necessary to improve climate preparedness
November 2021 British Columbia and Washington floods:
November 2021 British Columbia and Washington floods, a series of floods that affected parts of British Columbia iin Canada and neighboring USA's Washington State, caused by an atmospheric river which brought heavy rain
-
17 November 2021: Canada’s largest port was cut off by flood waters, as emergency crews in British Columbia, as at least one person has been killed and several more are feared dead after a huge storm hit the Pacific north-west, destroying highways and leaving tens of thousands of people in Canada and the USA without power
-
17 November 2021: Canada floods cut rail link to Vancouver port
18 November 2021 amid devastating floods in Pacific north-west, troops have been deployed:
18 November 2021: Amid devastating floods in Pacific north-west, troops have been deployed in British Columbia to help stranded residents and search areas hit by landslides and floods after a powerful storm dumped a month’s worth of rain in two days across a swath of the Pacific north-west in Canada and the USA, as the Canadian government approved a request for federal assistance from the embattled province
22 July 2023 Canada’s heaviest rains in 40 years block roads and cut power for thousands in Nova Scotia:
22 July 2023: The heaviest rains in more than 40 years badly damaged Houston city in Canada’s Atlantic region on Saturday but authorities are no longer concerned a dam may breach, as police reported that four people were missing, including two children. The storm, which started on Friday, dumped more than 25cm of rain on some parts in 24 hours, the same amount that usually lands in three months. Authorities also reported significant damage to roads and infrastructure in Halifax, the largest city in Nova Scotia.
Blizzards and cold waves in Canada:
Blizzards
in Canada
2013 North American cold wave:
2013 North American cold wave
-
December 2013 Central and Eastern Canada ice storm
January 2014 North American polar vortex:
January 2014 North American polar vortex
2017–2018 North American cold wave:
2017–2018 North American cold wave
-
2017–2018 North American winter
Chile
-
Geography of Chile
-
Geology of Chile
-
Indigenous peoples in Chile
-
European conquest
and colonization 1540–1810
-
History of Chile
-
Demographics of Chile
Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region
1973 CIA-backed Chilean coup d'état, 1973–1990 Pinochet's military dictatorship of Chile and aftermath:
1973 CIA-backed Chilean coup d'état on 11 September
-
Salvador Allende (26 July 1908 - 11 September 1973)
-
Military dictatorship of Chile 1973–1990 presided by General Augusto Pinochet
-
Foreign relations of military dictatorship of Chile since 1973
2011:
20 July 2011: Chile inquiry confirms President Allende killed himself 1973 amid attacks of planes, tanks etc. (Video)
-
19 August 2011: Chile ups Pinochet victims number
-
11 September 2011: Chile remembers its 9/11 - thousands march to remember more than 3,000 people killed during Pinochet dictatorship
-
29 November 2011: Chile seeks former US military attache Ray Davis extradition over 1973 coup murder (murdered USA journalist Charles Horman and Frank Teruggi)
2012:
11 juin 2012: Violents affrontements lors d'un hommage à l'ancien dictateur Pinochet
-
21 June: Chile ex-leader's father Alberto Bachelet probably 'died of torture' after 1973 military coup, judge Mario Carroza says
-
18 July: Chile charges two over General Alberto Bachelet's death
-
5 September 2012: Chile ex-police chief Contreras sentenced for murder of Ramon Martinez who died in police custody in 1975
2013:
27 July 2013: Human rights lawyer Eduardo Contreras wants charges brought against the father of the centre-right presidential candidate Evelyn Matthei for the murder of the father of centre-left candidate Michelle Bachelet, whose father General Bachelet was tortured to death in 1974 in a military facility directed by the father of candidate Evelyn Matthei General Matthei
-
5 September 2013: Chile's judges made an unprecedented apology to victims of state abuse during the regime of dictator Pinochet
-
9 septembre: Manifestations pour l'anniversaire du coup d'État de 1973
-
10 septembre 2013: Quarante ans après le coup d'État qui a renversé et tué Salvador Allende, le Chili reste divisé sur la dictature de Pinochet en raison de l’impunité
-
23 December 2013: A judge has found eight former members of the military guilty of murdering political opponents during the rule of Pinochet
2015:
4 March 2015: Chile’s top prosecutor has filed tax fraud, money laundering and bribery charges against senior former officials and financiers of a political party created to perpetuate the economic legacy of dictator Augusto Pinochet
-
23 July 2015: A Chilean judge has ordered the arrest of seven army officers for questioning over an attack on two democracy activists who were doused with petrol by soldiers and set on fire in 1986
-
14 August 2015: Former Pinochet general Rurange has died in an apparent suicide days after a court sentenced him to 20 years for planning the murder of Eugenio Berrios to obstruct investigations, whose body was found in 1995
-
2 November 2015: For nearly three decades after Veronica de Negri's 19-year-old son Rodrigo Rojas was burned to death by Chilean soldiers during the Pinochet dictatorship, her hunt for justice had been fruitless but in 2015, since Supreme Court' decisions and among hundreds of cases sent to prosecutors, seven former military officers charged for burning de Negri's son alive while he was photographing a political protest in 1986
-
12 December 2015: Former conscript in the Chilean army Reyes charged with murder after confessing on a live radio phone-in to participating in the deaths of 18 opponents of the late military dictator Augusto Pinochet
June 2016:
27 June 2016: A Florida jury has found former Chilean army lieutenant Barrientos Nuñez, who fled Chile in 1989 and became a USA citizen, liable for the 1973 extrajudicial killing of the popular folk singer
Victor Jara in 1973
,
following the USA-backed 1973 Chilean coup d'état, awarding $28m in damages to his widow and daughters after a two-week civil trial
July 2018:
3 July 2018: Eight retired Chilean military officers have been sentenced to 15 years in prison for the murder of popular folk singer Victor Jara during the 1973 coup that installed late dictator Augusto Pinochet in power
November 2018:
9 November 2018: Chilean judge has convicted the country’s former army chief Juan Emilio Cheyre for complicity in the deaths of 15 people during the early days of Augusto Pinochet’s military regime
Economy of Chile:
Economy of Chile
- main industries are copper, lithium, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles
-
Economic history of Chile
-
List of Chilean companies
-
Companies of Chile by industry
Mining in Chile:
Mining in Chile
-
History of mining in Chile
-
Mining companies of Chile
-
Mines in Chile by region
-
Copper mines in Chile
-
Gold mines in Chile
-
Silver mines in Chile
Mining disasters in Chile
-
2006 Copiapó mining accident
-
2010 Copiapó mining accident
-
1 August 2013: Three years after 33 trapped miners were rescued, Chile mine probe closes without charge
Agriculture in Chile:
Agriculture
in Chile - agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounts only for 4.9% of Chile's GDP as of 2007 and employs 13.6% of the labor force, major agriculture products include grapes, wine, apples, pears, peaches, wheat, corn, oats, asparagus, beans, onions, garlic, beef, poultry, wool, fish and timber
Post-coup counter-reform since 1973
Forestry in Chile:
Forestry in Chile
-
Corporación Nacional Forestal, fundación 13 de abril de 1973
Water in Chile:
Water in Chile
-
Bodies of water of Chile
-
Rivers of Chile
-
Rivers of Chile by region
Fishing in Chile:
Fishing in Chile
-
Aquaculture in Chile
2016:
11 June 2016: Salmon producers in Chile, under pressure from international buyers to reduce the amount of antibiotics they put into their fish, intensified their use of the substances in 2015 from the previous year, according to government statistics
Tourism in Chile:
Tourism in Chile
-
Visitor attractions in Chile
-
Visitor attractions in Chile by region
-
World Heritage Sites in Chile
Foreign trade of Chile:
Foreign trade of Chile
Economic history of Chile since 1914 and economic cycles:
Economic history of Chile
since 1914
-
History of mining in
Chile
Since 1929 Great Depression in Chile:
Since 1929 Great Depression, that was felt strongly from 1930 to 1932, as Saltpetre and copper exports collapsed, as the League of Nations declared Chile the worst affected nation by the depression, and as the crisis caused the authoritarian regime of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo to fall in July 1931 followed by a succession of short-lived governments
1962-1973 Chilean land reform:
1962-1973 Chilean land reform, a process of land ownership restructuring in different phases, initially supported by Chilean right, centre and left political parties plus the Catholic Church and the USA, after the 1973 Chilean coup d'état the ruling military dictatorship initiated a counter-reform
1968-1969 Great Drought in Chile:
Great Drought of 1968–69 in Chile
1982 Chilean Crisis:
1982 Chilean Crisis, a major economic crisis suffered during the 1973-1990 military dictatorship, the worst economic crisis in Chile since the 1930s Great Depression as Chile's GDP fell 14.3%, and unemployment rose to 23.7%
Labor relations and history in Chile:
Labor relations in Chile
-
Labor rights in Chile
-
Trade unions in Chile
-
History of labour relations in Chile
Military of Chile:
Military of Chile
Military history of Chile:
Military history of Chile
Military coups in Chile:
Military coups in Chile
-
List of Chilean coups d'état since 18th century
1973 Chilean coup d'état:
1973 Chilean coup d'état
-
1973-1990 military dictatorship of Chile
-
Since 1973 Chilean Resistance
November 2018 former army chief Cheyre convicted:
9 November 2018: Chilean judge has convicted the country’s former army chief Juan Emilio Cheyre for complicity in the deaths of 15 people during the early days of Augusto Pinochet’s military regime
Politics of Chile:
Politics of Chile
-
Chilean Constitution of 1833
-
Chilean Constitution of 1925
-
Chilean renewed transition to democracy since 1990 began when a Constitution establishing a transition itinerary was approved
-
Constitution of Chile
Political parties in Chile:
Political parties in Chile
-
Chilean politicians by party
Since 1933 Socialist Party of Chile:
Since 1933 Socialist Party of Chile, a political party within the centre-left Nueva Mayoría, as its historic leader was President of Chile Salvador Allende, who was deposed in a coup d'état by General Pinochet in 1973
-
Socialist and communist parties in Chile
-
1 juillet 2013: Avec plus de 73% des voix, l'ancienne présidente chilienne Michelle Bachelet a remporté les primaires de la gauche en vue de la présidentielle, prévue le 17 novembre - l'ex-ministre de l'économie Longueira obtient 50,66% des voix du camp gouvernemental
Since 2012 Democratic Revolution:
Since 2012 Democratic Revolution, a Chilean left-wing political party founded by some of the leaders of the 2011 Chilean student protests, most notably the current Deputy Giorgio Jackson, who is also the most popular public figure of the party, as their principles are based on advocating for participative democracy and the overcoming of Neoliberalism in Chile
Since 11 January 2021 'Apruebo Dignidad':
Since 11 January 2021 'Apruebo Dignidad' AD, a Chilean electoral coalition officially created by the 'Equality Party', 'Broad Front' and 'Chile Digno' in preparation for the Constitutional Convention election in the attempt to reunite the left into a large conglomerate
Trade unions in Chile:
Trade unions in Chile
Elections and politics in Chile:
Elections in Chile
-
29 October 2012: Local polls, the first to be held since voting was made voluntary, were marked by an abstention of 60% - Pinera's centre-right alliance lost some key races, including in Santiago
November 2013 Presidential and parliamentary election:
Chilean presidential election 17 November 2013
-
Chilean parliamentary election 17 November 2013
-
17 November 2013: Chileans head to polls to choose a new president from nine candidates
-
18 novembre: Michelle Bachelet a remporté avec 46,74% des voix, la participation estimée à 56%, second tour le 15 décembre
-
19 November: The Nueva Mayoía pact securing a 55.3 percent majority in the Senate and a 56.6 percent majority in the Chamber of Deputies
-
16 décembre: Michelle Bachelet élue par 62,1% des voix au deuxième tour de l'élection présidentielle
2015 Chile’s president Michelle Bachelet calls for citizens to break the pacts of silence since 1973:
27 July 2015: Chile’s president Michelle Bachelet calls for citizens to break the pacts of silence that have covered up human rights violations during the 1973-1990 military dictatorship, praising a former soldier who helped the investigation into an army crime in 1986 in which two activists were burned alive
November/December 2017 Chilean general election:
19 November 2017 Chilean general election, in the presidential race, if none of the candidates secure an absolute majority of the valid votes, a runoff election is to be held on 17 December 2017
-
19 novembre 2017: Quelque 14,3 millions de Chiliens sont appelés à participer au premier tour du scrutin qui décidera de la succession de Michelle Bachelet
-
21/22 November 2017: Guillier meets Bachelet in La Moneda for the second round
,
after Piñera has won the first round with only 36% of the votes
-
18 décembre 2017: Le conservateur et l'homme d'affaires milliardaire Piñera a été élu président du Chili, une fonction qu'il a déjà occupée de 2010 à 2014
October 2019 state of emergency:
19 October 2019: A state of emergency, that grants the government additional powers to restrict citizens’ freedom of movement and their right to assembly, has been declared in the Chilean capital after simmering protests against a rise in metro fares spilled out into violence fuelled by rising cost-of-living pressures
-
20 October 2019: Chilean president Piñera announced that he would reverse public transport fare hikes which had caused widespread protests in the country, saying in a national broadcast that he had listened 'with humility' to 'the voice of my compatriots' and to discontent over the cost of living in one of Latin America’s wealthiest yet most unequal nations, also announcing a working group to address their concerns
-
22 octobre 2019: Face à la détermination des manifestants réprimés dans le sang, le président chilien veut dialoguer avec les partis politiques pour tenter de trouver une issue à la violente crise sociale
23 October 2019 efforts to calm unrest with wage rises and taxes on rich:
23 October 2019: Chilean leader and billionaire Piñera tries to calm unrest with modest wage rises and taxes on rich, as Chile has one of the region’s highest rates of inequality
24 October 2019 UN to investigate human rights abuses:
24 October 2019: UN to investigate claims of human rights abuses after 18 deaths
25 October 2019 protesters said ‘we pay cops’ salaries and subway fares and here they are against us':
25 October 2019: As people gathered in Santiago, set up fiery barricades and clashed with riot police, showing military stil, in protest against rising subway fares and to demand better education, healthcare and wages, protesters said ‘we pay cops’ salaries and subway fares, and here they are against us'
26 October 2019 1 million people rally in Santiago:
26 October 2019: 1 million people rally in Santiago, as Chile’s Congress has been evacuated after some protestors tried to force their way on to the building’s grounds
27 October 2019 Chilean regime's violence:
27 October 2019: Hundreds shot and beaten as Chile takes to the streets, and as doctors say they don’t have supplies to treat wounded and accuse authorities of under-reporting injuries
29 October 2019 1% of Chile's population earns 33% of the nation's wealth:
29 October 2019: Fresh protests, looting erupt in Chile 2017, as UN report found that the richest 1% of Chile's population earns 33% of the nation's wealth, making Chile the most unequal country in the OECD, slightly worse than Mexico
30 October 2019 time for decisions:
30 October 2019: Pinochet's economic model led to the current crisis engulfing Chile, as today's government has chance to lay foundation of a real welfare state tackling economic and social inequalities, giving Chile a chance to become a genuinely developed country, British 'Guardian's' Kirsten Sehnbruch says
31 October 2019:
31 octobre 2019: Le gouvernement conservateur chilien a invité jeudi l'opposition à une nouvelle réunion pour tenter de trouver une sortie politique consensuelle à la crise sociale sans précédent qui secoue le pays depuis près deux semaines, mais milliers de Chiliens ont de nouveau afflué vers la plaza Italia, l'épicentre des manifestations à Santiago
7 November 2019 police officer arrested after shooting students:
7 November 2019: Chilean police officer arrested after shooting students at protest,as other officers have been accused of a beating and sexual abuse as unrest enters third week, with 2,000 injured
10 November 2019 Piñera's new promises:
10 novembre 2019: Piñera a annoncé samedi préparer un projet de modification de la Constitution, une revendication des manifestants qui protestent depuis trois semaines contre la politique du gouvernement, contenant 'une meilleure définition des droits de la personne et les modalités pour faire respecter' ces droits, et 'les obligations de l'État' à établir 'de meilleurs mécanismes de participation' citoyenne
13 November 2019 citizens and 'cabildos' meet to plot path out of Chile crisis:
13 November 2019: Neighbours meet to plot path out of Chile crisis amid exasperation at elite, as tens of thousands of people have attended spontaneous town hall meetings to seek a way out of more than a month of sometimes violent political unrest, and as strikes and protests continue across the country
16 December 2019 Chileans vote to change constitution:
16 décembre 2019: Les Chiliens qui ont participé à une consultation populaire organisée sur divers thèmes se sont majoritairement prononcés pour le remplacement de la Constitution adoptée sous la dictature militaire 1973-1990
3 October 2020 police brutally repressed demonstrators in the capital Santiago:
3 October 2020: Less than a month before Chile votes on whether to replace its Pinochet-era constitution, police have brutally repressed demonstrators in the capital Santiago, as Carabineros police force used plumes of teargas and high-pressure water jets to disperse protesters congregating in Plaza Italia, as videos show a 16-year-old boy being bundled over the railings of a bridge by a police officer, now in the Santa María Clinic, and as since last October 8,575 alleged human rights violations have been perpetrated by the Carabineros in the repression of protests, according to Chile’s public prosecutor
14 October 2020 calls grow for radical reform of Chile's national police force:
14 October 2020: Damning allegations of human rights abuses, cover-ups and impunity have prompted growing calls for a root-and-branch reform of Chile’s national police force, known as the Carabineros
22 October 2020 chance for Chile to scrap Pinochet-era constitution:
22 October 2020: Chance for Chile to forge new path in vote to scrap Pinochet-era constitution, as Sunday’s referendum could mean end for 1980 constitution that allowed privatization to flourish and led to widespread inequality
25 October 2020 Chilean postponed constitutional referendum:
25 October 2020 Chilean national plebiscite, scheduled to determine whether a new constitution will be drafted, and whether it will be drafted by a constitutional convention, made up by members elected directly for this convention, or a mixed constitutional convention, made up in halves by currently-sitting members of Parliament and directly elected citizens, as a second vote, which will be held alongside municipal and gubernatorial elections on 11 April 2021, would elect the members of the constitutional convention, and a third vote, which is expected to occur in 2022, would accept or reject the new constitution after it is drafted
26 October 2020 people voted overwhelmingly in favor of rewriting Chile’s constitution:
26 October 2020: People voted overwhelmingly in favor of rewriting Chile’s constitution to replace guiding principles imposed four decades ago under the military dictatorship of General Pinochet, as jubilant pro-reform supporters took to the streets across the country to celebrate after exit polls showed that 78.24% of people had voted to approve a rewrite, while 21.76% rejected the change
21 November 2020 Chile police used tear gas and water cannon to repell anti-government protesters in Santiago:
21 November 2020: Chile police have used tear gas and water cannon to repell anti-government protesters on the streets of the Chilean capital Santiago, as demonstrators were marking the anniversary of a protest movement that began last year demanding greater equality in Chile, through reforms to the pension, healthcare and education systems
29 January 2021 Chile police officer sentenced for killing of Mapuche farmer on 'historic day':
29 January 2021: A Chilean police officer has been jailed for killing the Mapuche farmer Camilo Catrillanca during a vehicle chase in a case that cast a harsh spotlight on the country’s treatment of its largest indigenous group
28 March 2021 Chile imposes lockdowns to fight new covid-19 wave:
28 March 2021: Despite mounting the world’s fastest per-capita covid-19 vaccination campaign, Chile has been forced to announce strict new lockdowns as it plunges deeper into a severe second wave of cases which is stretching intensive care capacity
Since 1st January 2021 contesting parties and coalitions for the Constitutional Convention:
Since 1st January 2021 contesting parties and coalitions for the Constitutional Convention
Since 11 January 2021 'Apruebo Dignidad':
Since 11 January 2021 'Apruebo Dignidad' AD, a Chilean electoral coalition officially created by the 'Equality Party', 'Broad Front' and 'Chile Digno' in preparation for the Constitutional Convention election in the attempt to reunite the left into a large conglomerate
15-16 May 2021 Constitutional Convention election in Chile:
15-16 May 2021 Constitutional Convention election in Chile in to select the members of the body that will draft a new constitution, following the 2020 Chilean national plebiscite, where 78% of voters approved to the writing of a new text that will be the first constitution in the world to be written by a body with gender parity
-
May 2021 main parties and electoral alliances which are contesting the election
18 May 2021 Chile turned to a progressive new generation to write the next chapter in its history:
18 May 2021: Chile’s established political elite has been roundly rejected at the polls six months ahead of a pivotal presidential election, as the country turned to a progressive new generation to write the next chapter in its history
4 July 2021 Chile to begin drafting new constitution:
4 July 2021: Chile to begin ‘beautiful challenge’ of drafting new constitution, as new constitutional assembly in the deeply polarised nation must learn to work together and build trust, experts say, as the country’s newly elected constitutional assembly will be inaugurated on Sunday
4 July 2021 Chilean linguist Elisa Loncón elected President of Chilenian Constitutional Convention:
4 July 2021 after Chilenian Constitutional Convention was inaugurated, Chilean linguist, university professor, indigenous rights activist, and politician of Mapuche descent Elisa Loncón was elected its President, receiving 96 votes in the second round, mainly from the left and center-left coalitions (Apruebo Dignidad, The List of the People and part of Lista del Apruebo
Since August 2021 opinion polling for the 2021 Chilean presidential election:
Since August 2021 opinion polling for the 2021 Chilean presidential election
25 October 2021 'El Mercurio' daily accused of commemorating German war criminal Hermann Göring:
25 October 2021; Chile’s main conservative daily newspaper 'El Mercurio' has been accused of publishing 'an apology for Nazism' after running an illustrated article commemorating the life of the German war criminal Hermann Göring
21 November 2021 Chilean general election:
21 November 2021 Chilean general election, including presidential, parliamentary and regional elections. Voters will head to the polls to elect a president of the Republic to serve a four-year term, 27 of 50 members of the Senate to serve an eight-year term in the National Congress, the full 155 members of the Chamber of Deputies to serve a four-year term in the National Congress, and the full 302 members of the regional boards to serve a three-year term
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Presidential candidates and results of last month's opinion polls
21 November 2021 voting has started in Chile for a new president in a critical election:
21 November 2021: Voting has started in Chile for a new president in a critical election that will determine governance during a post-crisis transition period, as polls are scheduled to close at 6pm on Sunday, 'Al Jazeera' reports
22 November 2021 Chile to hold second round of presidential election on December 19:
22 November 2021 Chile to hold second round of presidential election on December 19, after - with nearly 97% of the vote counted - Jose Antonio Kast had 27.94% versus 25.75% for Gabriel Boric
December 2021 relatives of Pinochet victims raise alarm as dictatorship emerges as key issue:
17 December 2021: Relatives of Pinochet victims raise alarm as dictatorship emerges as key issue in lead-up to Sunday presidential runoff
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19 December 2021: Chileans vote in divisive presidential election runoff, aa two candidates offer starkly different visions for the country’s future
19 December 2021 Chilean general election second round:
19 December 2021 Chilean general election second round, as opinion polls in early December show clear advantage for the promising social change, anti-fascist Gabriel Boric of the 'Social Convergence' political party
20 December 2021 Boric will oversee an inclusive government to attack poverty and inequality:
20 December 2021: With nearly 97% of the vote counted Gabriel Boric claimed 55.8% to take a 12 percentage point lead, saying 'we are a generation that emerged in public life demanding our rights be respected as rights and not treated like consumer goods or a business', 'we no longer will permit that the poor keep paying the price of Chile’s inequality', after he has vowed that he will oversee a youth-led form of inclusive government to attack nagging poverty and inequality, which he has pinned on the free market economic model that was imposed during the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship since 11 September 1973, ending a civilian rule with Chilean coup d'état supported by the USA
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20 December 2021: In front of citizens in Santiago Gabriel Boric vowed to unite Chile, highlighting the progressive positions of his party's campaign, including a promise to fight the climate crisis
20 December 2021 hundreds of thousands demonstrators celebrating coming new president in Chile's La Moneda:
20 de diciembre de 2021: Cientos de miles de personas salieron a las calles de la capital y de otras ciudades del país para celebrar la llegada de una nueva izquierda a La Moneda, la representada por Gabriel Boric
11 March 2022: Gabriel Boric to usher in new era for Chile as he takes presidential oath on 11/3:
11 March 2022: Gabriel Boric to usher in new era for Chile as he takes presidential oath on 11/3, as the progressive former student leader hopes to transform a country still living in the shadow of the Pinochet dictatorship, that began on 11 September 1973, and as a series of coordinated bombings in Madrid on 11 March killed 193 people, injured around 2,000 directed by Al-Qaeda in Iraq, allegedly as a reaction to Spain's involvement in the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq, and as in 2022 Chile's new president Boric reiterated his backing for Chile’s constitutional process and last month announced a female-majority cabinet, a symbol of the feminist Chile he is looking to build
11 April 2022 record-breaking drought enters its 13th year:
11 April 2022: As a record-breaking drought enters its 13th year, Chile has announced an unprecedented plan to ration water for the capital of Santiago, a city of nearly 6 million, as the governor of the Santiago metropolitan region Claudio Orrego said 'a city can’t live without water', 'and we’re in an unprecedented situation in Santiago’s 491-year history where we have to prepare for there to not be enough water for everyone who lives here.'
12 May 2022 Chilean journalist Francisca Sandoval dies after being shot while covering Workers’ Day marches:
12 May 2022: Chilean journalist Francisca Sandoval, who was reporting in Barrio Meiggs, a ramshackle market district in the centre of Santiago, has died of her injuries, after a group of men opened fire in a standoff with the marchers and the journalist was shot in the head by a street trader, the first journalist to be killed in the line of duty in Chile since the Pinochet dictatorship
4 September 2022 Chilean national plebiscite for a new Political Constitution of the Republic:
4 September 2022 Chilean national plebiscite in order to determine whether the public agrees with the text of a new Political Constitution of the Republic drawn up by the Constitutional Convention
4 September 2022 millions of Chileans voting in a referendum to approve or reject new constitution:
4 September 2022: Millions of Chileans are voting in a referendum to approve or reject a new constitution drafted earlier this year, in what could be a defining moment for the country of 19 million people. The proposed constitution – which took a year to prepare – includes more rights for women, indigenous people, and working-class citizens, after student-led protests in October 2019 broke out over hikes in transportation fares, months of demonstrations expanded to include broader demands for greater social protection and equality in the South American nation. Dozens were killed and thousands were injured in the ensuing state crackdown. One of the key demands to emerge from the protests was to replace the constitution that many deem outdated and illegal as it was passed under the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet between 11 September 1973 and 11 March 1990
5 September 2022 ‘sense of abandonment’ as Chile rejects new constitution:
5 September 2022: ‘Sense of abandonment’ as Chile rejects new constitution, and more than 60% of Chileans voted against the proposal, which its supporters call feminist and progressive
14 February 2023 forensic study finds Chilean poet Pablo Neruda was poisoned:
14 February 2023: Forensic study finds Chilean poet Pablo Neruda was poisoned. The toxin clostridium botulinum was in his body when he died in 1973, days after Chile’s military coup.
7 May 2023 Chilean Constitutional Council election:
7 May 2023 Chilean Constitutional Council election, coming in response to the rejection of a proposed constitutional draft in a national referendum held in September 2022. Following the defeat of the draft, a multiparty agreement was reached to restart the process, which was subsequently ratified by Congress via a constitutional amendment. The new Constitutional Council will be modeled after the Senate and will consist of 50 members who will be elected by regions. Additionally, the council will have an equal number of men and women.
Social movements and protests in Chile:
Protests in Chile
-
Student protests in Chile since 2006
2011:
2011 Magallanes protests
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2011-2012 student protests in Chile
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30. Juli 2011: In Chile drängen Streiks und Proteste die Regierung Pinera in die Defensive
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4 August: In Santiago new protests of students calling for reforms - police use tear gas, water and detain 235 students
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10 August: Chile police clash with protesters during student march
-
24 August: Violent start of two-day nationwide strike demanding reforms - constitution, labour law, education, tax and pension system
-
26 August 2011: Tens of thousands rally on the second day of the general strike - a teenage boy shot on Thursday night
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30 August: 5 police officers dismissed after police admitted that the teenage boy was killed by a police weapon on 25 August
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NZZ 31. August: Mehrzahl der Bergarbeiter von Copiapó - die Helden von Chile und damaligen Medienstars - hält sich ein Jahr nach Rettung mit Gelegenheitsjobs über Wasser
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11 September 2011: Chile remembers its 9/11 - thousands march to remember more than 3000 people killed during Pinochet dictatorship
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18 October 2011: Ongoing education protests turn violent
2012:
February 2012 Aysén protests
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26 April: Tens of thousands of students in fresh protests in support of education reform
-
11 June: Tear gas and water cannons used against demonstrators denouncing documentary honouring the late military dictator
-
24 August: At least 113 students arrested after thousands clashed with police on Santiago's streets demanding better education
2013:
9 septembre: Des dizaines de milliers de Chiliens ont défilé dimanche à Santiago pour la défense des droits de l'Homme, à deux jours du 40e anniversaire du coup d'Etat 1973
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10 septembre: Un millier de personnes se sont couchées en pleine rue à Santiago, en mémoire des disparus de la dictature de Pinochet 1973-1990
2015:
28 May 2015: Police armed with water cannon clashed with demonstrating students in Santiago as they took to the streets to demand education reforms and the right to demonstrate
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4 June 2015: Tens of thousands take part in mass demonstrations in cities across Argentina to condemn violence against women
,
as similar protests also take place in Chile and Uruguay
August 2018:
3 août 2018: Les mineurs chiliens d'Escondida, plus grande mine de cuivre au monde, ont voté la grève après avoir rejeté une proposition de hausse salariale, jugée insuffisante, du groupe propriétaire anglo-australien BHP
Since 14 October 2019 Chilean protests:
Since 14 October 2019 Chilean protests
, ongoing civil protests throughout Chile in response to a raise in the Santiago Metro's subway fare, the increased cost of living, privatisation and inequality prevalent in the country
21 October 2019 protests:
21 October 2019: Protests and violence continued in Chile overnight despite the president cancelling a rise in subway fares that prompted violent demonstrations
23 October call for general strike:
23 octobre 2019: Les principaux syndicats et mouvements sociaux au Chili, soutenue par de nombreuse organisations de travailleurs et d'étudiants, a lancé un appel à une grève générale, malgré les mesures proposées par Sebastian Piñera
25 October 2019 protests:
25 October 2019: 18 Chileans killed as hundreds of thousands of protestors take to the streets in Chile
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25 octobre 2019: Les Chiliens en colère face à leur système de retraites
2 November protest:
2 novembre 2019: Deux semaines après le déclenchement d'une crise sociale sans précédent au Chili, les manifestants sont une nouvelle fois descendus dans la rue pour réclamer des réformes au gouvernement du président Pinera
9 November protests:
9 novembre 2019: Des dizaines de milliers de manifestants se sont rassemblés vendredi dans le centre de Santiago pour protester contre la politique du gouvernement, et le siège d'une université de la capitale chilienne a été incendié lors d'incidents violents
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9 November 2019: Tens of thousands of Chileans protest against economic and social inequality in their country
13 November 2019 citizens and 'cabildos' meet to plot path out of Chile crisis:
13 November 2019: Neighbours meet to plot path out of Chile crisis amid exasperation at elite, as tens of thousands of people have attended spontaneous town hall meetings to seek a way out of more than a month of sometimes violent political unrest, and as strikes and protests continue across the country
27 November 2019 protest:
27 novembre 2019: Des milliers de personnes ont manifesté une nouvelle fois mardi dans les rues de Santiago à l'appel de plusieurs organisations syndicales du secteur public
20/21 December 2019 protest:
21 décembre 2019: La police a riposté vendredi à des manifestants dans la capitale chilienne à coups de jets d'eau et de gaz lacrymogène
27/28 December 2019 at least one protester killed in Santiago:
28 décembre 2019: Au moins un manifestant a été tué au cours du rassemblement de protestaiton vendredi dans le centre de Santiago
2019–2020 Chilean protests:
2019–2020 Chilean protests
2019–2020 eye injuries in the Chilean protests:
2019–2020 Chilean protests are characterised by widespread eye injuries including many globe ruptures ('exploded eyes') among protesters as result of Chilean riot police's use of 'rubber' bullets and tear gas grenades, and as data from the National Institute of Human Rights INDH shows that the use of 'rubber' bullets and pellets by security forces has left at least 1863 injured, including 268 with eye problems
1 February 2020 four protesters killed in three days:
1 février 2020: Un jeune homme est mort après avoir été touché d'une balle dans la tête, portant à quatre le bilan des décès au Chili en trois jours de troubles violents, conséquences de la grave crise sociale que traverse le pays
15/16 February 2020 protests amid constitutional debate:
16 février 2020: Manifestations autour de la nouvelle Constitution
2020 Chilean protests since arrival of covid-19 pandemic:
2020 Chilean protests since arrival of covid-19 pandemic
12 September 2020 people arrested in clashes marking 47th anniversary of the coup d'etat against elected Chilean president:
12 September 2020: More than 100 people were arrested after clashes marking the 47th anniversary of the coup d'etat that overthrew the government of Chilean president Salvador Allende
3 October 2020 Chilean police throw teenager off bridge during protests:
3 October 2020: Chilean police throw teenager off bridge during protests, as apparent serious assault is latest in series of alleged human rights abuses by Carabineros
19 October 2020 demonstrators clashed with police on the first anniversary of mass protests:
19 October 2020: Demonstrators clashed with police in Santiago on the first anniversary of mass protests over inequality that left more than 30 dead and thousands injured, as rallies were largely peaceful early on, but were later marred by the incidents of violence and confrontations with police
21 November 2020 Chile police used tear gas and water cannon to repell anti-government protesters in Santiago:
21 November 2020: Chile police have used tear gas and water cannon to repell anti-government protesters on the streets of the Chilean capital Santiago, as demonstrators were marking the anniversary of a protest movement that began last year demanding greater equality in Chile, through reforms to the pension, healthcare and education systems
10-11 September 2022 students demand new constitution and democratic education:
10.9.2022: Nachdem in Chile der erste Entwurf für eine neue Verfassung scheiterte, ziehen Schülerinnen und Schüler über die Alameda in Chiles Hauptstadt Santiago für ein gerechtes Bildungssystem, gegen Privatisierungen im Bildungsbereich mit den Forderungen 'wir wollen eine neue verfassungsgebende Versammlung, die vom Volk gewählt wird, ... und wir Schüler°innen wollen an dem Prozess teilnehmen, damit öffentliche, kostenlose und gute Bildung in der Verfassung garantiert wird'
11/12 September 2022 Chile remembered 1973 coup against president Allende, with the aid of the USA and CIA:
12 September 2022: Chile marked 49th anniversary of the 1973 coup that overthrew President Salvador Allende, as violence broke out after people took to the streets of Chile to commemorate the 49th anniversary of the 1973 coup that installed the murderous Augusto Pinochet dictatorship. Left-wing parties, with key political figures and members of the government, paid homage on Sunday to the statue of former President Salvador Allende outside the Presidential Palace. Allende died on the day of the coup
,
after on 15 September 1970, before Allende took office, USA's Richard Nixon gave the order to overthrow Allende with the aid of the CIA
Society, demographics, culture and human rights in Chile:
Chilean society
-
Human rights in Chile
Regions, provinces, cities, towns and communes of Chile:
Administrative divisions of Chile
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15
Regions
of Chile
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54
Provinces
of Chile
-
346
Communes
are grouped into 54 provinces which are themselves grouped into 15 regions
Cities and towns in Chile:
List of
cities
in Chile
-
List of
towns
in Chile by region
Natural regions of Chile:
Natural regions of Chile, as Chile extends from a point about 625 kilometers north of the Tropic of Capricorn to a point hardly more than 1,400 kilometers north of the Antarctic Circle, and within its territory can be found a broad selection of the Earth's climates
Arica y Parinacota Region:
Arica y Parinacota Region
, one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions, comprising two provinces, Arica and Parinacota, and bordering Peru's Department of Tacna to the north, Bolivia's La Paz and Oruro departments to the east and Chile's Tarapacá Region to the south
Arica city:
Arica city
, a commune and a port city with a population of 222,619 citizens in the Arica Province of northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region, and Chile's northernmost city
Arica port:
Puerto de Arica (Arica port) es utilizado tanto para atraque y desatraque de barcos mercantes, como de cruceros internacionales, y el puerto de Arica el año 2008 se convirtió en el principal terminal de exportación e importación boliviana
Tarapacá Region:
Tarapacá Region
, comprising two provinces, Iquique and Tamarugal, and bordering the Chilean Arica and Parinacota Region to the north, Bolivia's Oruro Department and Potosí Department on the east, Chile's Antofagasta Region to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west, as the port city of Iquique is the region's capital
Iquique city:
Iquique city
, a port city and commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapacá Region, located on the Pacific coast, west of the Pampa del Tamarugal, which is part of the Atacama Desert, and with a population of 191,468 citizens in 2017
Antofagasta Region:
Antofagasta Region
, the second-largest region of Chile in area, comprising three provinces, Antofagasta, El Loa and Tocopilla, and bordering to the north Tarapacá, Atacama to the south, and to the east Bolivia and Argentina, as the region's capital is the port city of Antofagasta, and as the region's main economic activity is copper mining in its giant inland porphyry copper systems
Since 1930 Chile's copper era:
Since 1930 Chile's copper era
Calama is a city and commune in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. It is the capital of El Loa Province, part of the Antofagasta Region. Calama is one of the driest cities in the world with average annual precipitation of just 5 mm (0.20 in)[citation needed]. The River Loa, Chile's longest, flows through the city. Calama has a population of 147,886 (2012 census). The commune also encompasses the Quechua communities of Estación San Pedro, Toconce and Cupo; and the Lickan-antay communities of Taira, Conchi Viejo, Lasana, San Francisco de Chiu Chiu, Aiquina-Turi, and Caspana. In 2003 the nearby town of Chuquicamata, once the largest open-pit copper mine in the world, was dismantled citing environmental reasons and encroachment from the mine's expansion
2 December 2021 environmental activist Javiera Rojas found dead in Calama in northern Antofagasta:
2 December 2021: Well known in northern Chile for her participation in protests against the Prime Thermoelectric project, also involved in the successful campaign to cancel the construction of the Tranca dam in 2016, which threatened to harm local wildlife and rob communities of water access, environmental activist Javiera Rojas was found buried under a pile of clothes in an abandoned house on Sunday in Calama in the northern region of Antofagasta
Antofagasta city:
Antofagasta city
, a port city in northern Chile, about 1,100 kilometres north of Santiago, and the capital of Antofagasta Province and Antofagasta Region, as - according to the 2015 census - the city has a population of 402,669 citizens
Economy of Antofagasta:
Economy of Antofagasta, as its economic development is mainly based on copper mining and nonmetallic minerals such as nitrate and iodine, as the city's important port activity has diminished as the lead port in the region, due to the installation of the megaport of Mejillones
Atacama Region:
Atacama Region
, comprising the provinces of Chañaral, Copiapó and Huasco, and bordering to the north Antofagasta, to the south Coquimbo, to east the provinces of Catamarca, La Rioja and San Juan of Argentina, and to the west the Pacific Ocean, as the regional capital Copiapó is located at 806 km north of the country's capital of Santiago, and as the region occupies the southern portion of the Atacama Desert, the rest of the desert is mainly distributed among the other regions of Norte Grande
29 October 2022 unusual winter rainfall has produced a floral bloom on the barren plains of the Atacama desert:
29 October 2022: Unexpected, unusual winter rainfall has produced a floral bloom and explosion of colour on the barren plains of the Atacama desert, prompting Chile’s government to move to protect the area
Economy and mining in Atacama Region:
Economy of Atacama Region, as mining accounts for 45% of the region's GDP and 90% of its exports, and as various geological surveys have identified new deposits, as iron ore mining is the most dynamic activity with numerous small-scale mines, selling their output to ENAMI (the national mining company) for processing at its Paipote smelter, as the region's main copper deposit is Candelaria, which produces around 200,000 tonnes per year and is controlled by Phelps Dodge, an international corporation
Copiapó city:
Copiapó city
in northern Chile, located about 65 kilometers east of the coastal town of Caldera, the capital of Copiapó Province and Atacama Region, and located at the Copiapó River in the valley of the same name, as in the early 21st century, the river has dried up in response to climate change and more severe droughts, as the town is surrounded by the Atacama Desert and receives 12 mm of rain per year, and as the population of Copiapó was 9,128 citizens in 1903, 11,617 in 1907, and in 2012 158,438 inhabitants
19th century Chilean silver rush:
19th century Chilean silver rush
Economy of Copiapó city:
Economy of Copiapó city with a diversified and potential economy, but as mining is the largest economic activity because the Copiapó Basin has a great deal of copper ore, mined by companies such as Minera Candelaria, which extracts copper near Tierra Amarilla, a neighboring commune, generating a need for transportation, light industry, and services
Coquimbo Region:
Coquimbo Region
bordered by Atacama to the north, Valparaíso to the south, Argentina to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. as the capital and largest city is La Serena, with other important cities including the seaport Coquimbo and the agricultural centre Ovalle
Greater La Serena conurbation:
Greater La Serena
, a Chilean conurbation that includes Coquimbo and La Serena communes in the Coquimbo Region, with a population of 412,845 citizens in 2012, thus the fourth largest metropolitan area in Chile, after Santiago, Greater Valparaiso and Greater Concepcion, after its population has doubled over the last 20 years, mainly because of economic growth and the development of tourism
Valparaíso Region:
Valparaíso Region
, with the country's second highest population of 1,790,219 citizens in 2017, as its capital is the port city of Valparaíso, and as other important cities include Viña del Mar, Quillota, Quilpué, Villa Alemana, and San Antonio
Provinces and communes of Valparaíso Region:
Provinces and communes of Valparaíso Region
Valparaíso city:
Valparaíso city
, seaport, naval base and educational centre in the commune of Valparaíso, as 'Greater Valparaíso' is the second largest metropolitan area in the country located about 120 kilometres northwest of Santiago by road and is one of the South Pacific's most important seaports, also with two state-owned and several private universities
Economy of Valparaíso city:
Economy of Valparaíso city
Port of Valparaíso:
Port of Valparaíso, divided into ten sites, as Valparaíso is the main container and passenger port in Chile
Santiago Metropolitan Region:
Santiago Metropolitan Region
, one of Chile's 15 first-order administrative divisions, also the country's only landlocked administrative region containing the nation's capital and most commercial and administrative centers, and also - with an area of 15,403.2 km2 and a population over 7 million - Chile's most populated and most densely populated region
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Education in Santiago Metropolitan Region
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Schools in Santiago Metropolitan Region
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Universities in Santiago Metropolitan Region
Economy of Santiago Metropolitan Region:
Economy of Santiago Metropolitan Region
Santiago de Chile capital of Chile:
Santiago de Chile
, the capital and largest city of Chile as well as one of the largest cities in the Americas
-
Historia de Santiago de Chile, se remonta a los primeros habitantes de la cuenca del río Mapocho, aproximadamente en el X milenio a.C., y - sin embargo - recién en el siglo XV con la conquista de la región por el Imperio incaico existirían las primeras comunidades en la zona
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Education in Santiago de Chile
-
Schools in Santiago de Chile
Demographics of Santiago in the 21st century:
Demographics of Santiago in the 21st century
Economy of Santiago, in 2021 the industrial and financial center of Chile:
Economy of Santiago, the industrial and financial center of Chile, generating 45% of the country's GDP, as some international institutions such as ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) have their offices in Santiago, as the strong economy and low government debt is attracting migrants from Europe and the USA, after Santiago's steady economic growth over the past few decades has transformed it into a modern metropolis
Media and internet in Santiago/Chile:
Media in Santiago
-
Internet en Chile
-
Internet in Chile
2011 list of Internet access by Chilean region:
2011 list of computer ownership and Internet access by Chilean region, including Santiago with 49.5% (at least one computer in the household) and with 39.8% (internet access), ten years ago
Timeline of Santiago de Chile:
Timeline of Santiago de Chile
11 September 1541 Picunche uprising against Spanish settlement of Santiago since 1541:
On 11 September 1541, Michimalonco attacked the newly founded Spanish settlement of Santiago, Chile after seven caciques were taken hostage by Spaniards following an uprising, as Michimalonco was said to lead 8,000 to 20,000 men, as Picunche people were a Mapudungun-speaking Chilean people
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Distribution of pre-Hispanic people of Chile according to a 2013 map
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Chile today and tomorrow, Lilian Elwyn Elliott, New York 1922
Since 1813 Biblioteca Nacional and newly formed Republic of Chile:
Since 1813 Biblioteca Nacional, together with the Instituto Nacional and a small number of institutions, one of the first institutions created by the newly formed Republic of Chile in the Patria Vieja period. In the newspaper El Monitor Araucano, a Proclama de Fundación ("Proclamation of Foundation") of the Biblioteca Nacional was published on August 19, 1813. With this vision, a call was made to all the citizens to submit their books for the formation of one great public library. As with other republican institutions, the library was closed after the Disaster of Rancagua, in which the national troops were defeated by the army of the realistas. With the victorious Battle of Chacabuco, it was reopened and supported by the government
Since 1830 Chilean National Museum of Natural History:
Since 1830 Chilean National Museum of Natural History, one of the oldest natural history museums in South America, and one of three national museums in Chile, along with the Museum of Fine Arts and the National History Museum, located in Quinta Normal Park.
Since November 1842 University of Chile:
Since November 1842 University of Chile, a public university in Santiago, founded 1842 and inaugurated on 17 September 1843, the oldest and the most prestigious in the country
-
2021 Faculty and institutes, research projects, campuses and infrastructure, libraries and digital resources of the University of Chile
Timeline of Santiago since early 20th century:
History of Santiago since early 20th century following WWI, as 1920 census estimated the population of Santiago to be 507,296 inhabitants, equivalent to 13.6% of the population of Chile, representing an increase of 52.5% from the census of 1907, as the growth was mainly due to the arrival of farmers from the south who came to work in factories and railroads which were under construction, and as this growth - however - was experienced on the outskirts and not in the town itself
11 September 1973 Chilean coup d'état ending civilian rule amid economic war ordered by USA president:
11 September 1973 Chilean coup d'état, a military coup in Chile that deposed the Popular Unity government of president Salvador Allende, as on 11 September 1973 - after an extended period of social unrest and political tension between the opposition-controlled Congress and the socialist president, as well as economic war ordered by USA president Richard Nixon - a group of military officers led by general Augusto Pinochet seized power in a coup, ending civilian rule
Timeline of Santiago in the 21st century:
History and
timeline of Santiago in the 21st century
4 July 2021 Chilean linguist Elisa Loncón elected President of Chilenian Constitutional Convention:
4 July 2021 after Chilenian Constitutional Convention was inaugurated, Chilean linguist, university professor, indigenous rights activist, and politician of Mapuche descent Elisa Loncón was elected its President, receiving 96 votes in the second round, mainly from the left and center-left coalitions (Apruebo Dignidad, The List of the People and part of Lista del Apruebo
20 December 2021 Boric will oversee an inclusive government to attack poverty and inequality:
20 December 2021: With nearly 97% of the vote counted Gabriel Boric claimed 55.8% to take a 12 percentage point lead, saying 'we are a generation that emerged in public life demanding our rights be respected as rights and not treated like consumer goods or a business', 'we no longer will permit that the poor keep paying the price of Chile’s inequality', after he has vowed that he will oversee a youth-led form of inclusive government to attack nagging poverty and inequality, which he has pinned on the free market economic model that was imposed during the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship since 11 September 1973, ending a civilian rule with Chilean coup d'état supported by the USA
11 April 2022 record-breaking drought enters its 13th year:
11 April 2022: As a record-breaking drought enters its 13th year, Chile has announced an unprecedented plan to ration water for the capital of Santiago, a city of nearly 6 million, as the governor of the Santiago metropolitan region Claudio Orrego said 'a city can’t live without water', 'and we’re in an unprecedented situation in Santiago’s 491-year history where we have to prepare for there to not be enough water for everyone who lives here.'
O'Higgins Region:
O'Higgins Region
named in honour of Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, one of Chile's founding fathers, bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean, to the east by the Republic of Argentina, to the north by the Valparaíso and Santiago Metropolitan Regions, and to the south by the Maule Region, as the capital and largest city of the region is Rancagua, the second major town San Fernando
Rancagua city:
Rancagua city
and commune in central Chile and part of the Rancagua conurbation, the capital of the Cachapoal Province and of the O'Higgins Region, located 87 km south of the national capital of Santiago, as in 2012, its population was 232,211 citizens and as the main economic activities range from mining, tourism, agriculture, timber, food production and services to minor industrial activities
1812–1826 Chilean War of Independence:
October 1814 Battle of Rancagua
-
1812–1826 Chilean War of Independence
Maule Region:
Maule Region
with its capital Talca, as the region derives its name from the Maule River which, running westward from the Andes, bisects the region and spans a basin of about 20,600 km2, and as the Maule river once marked the southern limits of the Inca Empire
Talca city:
Talca city
and commune in Chile located about 255 km south of Santiago, an important economic center, with agricultural (wheat) and manufacturing activities, as well as wine production, also the location of the Universidad de Talca, and as the city had a population of 201,142 citizens in 2012
Biobío Region:
Biobío Region
, with a population of 1.5 million citizens, thus being the third most populated region in Chile, divided into three provinces: Arauco, Biobío and Concepción, as the latter contains its capital and largest city, Concepción, a major city and metro area in the country, also home of Los Ángeles, the capital of the Biobío Province
Gran Concepción and third largest conurbation in Chile:
Gran Concepción
, the third largest conurbation in Chile, after Greater Santiago and Greater Valparaíso, with 945,650 inhabitants according to the 2012 census
Concepción city:
Concepción city
and commune in central Chile, the geographical and demographic core of the Greater Concepción metropolitan area, one of the three major conurbations in the country, as the city has a significant impact on domestic trade being part of the most heavily industrialized region in the country
Demographics of Concepción city:
Demographics of Concepción city
Education of Concepción city:
Education of Concepción city
Economy of Concepción city:
Economy of Concepción city
Los Ángeles city:
Los Ángeles city
, the capital of the province of Bío Bío, in the commune of the same name, in Bío Bío, in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 186,671 inhabitants in 2012. The municipality of Los Ángeles has the highest absolute rural population of any Chilean municipality.
Arauco Province:
Arauco Province
, one of four provinces of the Chilean region of Bío Bío. It spans a coastal area of 6,366 km2 just south of the mouth of the Biobío River, the traditional demarcation between the nation's major natural regions, Zona Central and Zona Sur. The province originally covered the once-independent indigenous territory of Araucanía, but this was afterward divided into four provinces. It is devoted largely to agricultural pursuits. The capital Lebu is situated on the coast about 90km south of Concepción with which it is connected by rail.
Lebu port city:
Lebu port city
and commune in central Chile, administered by the Municipality of Lebu. Lebu is also the capital of Arauco Province in Bío Bío Region, situated on the south bank of the mouth of the Lebu River. Lebu was first settled a little up the Lebu River from the site of the current city at Fort Santa Margarita built by García Hurtado de Mendoza at the beginning of 1557 on the north bank of the Lebu River by the salto de Gualgalén, to the west of the ford of Cupaño. In the 20th century the town developed as coal mining centre, and the 1960 Valdivia earthquake destroyed numerous houses in the town.
Santa Juana city:
Santa Juana city
, a commune of the Concepción Province in the Bío Bío Region of Chile. It lies south and west of the Biobío River in the valley of Catirai and is 48km from Concepción. The Mapuche originally named the valley where Santa Juana is now located the Valley of Catirai, and the inhabitants Catirayen.
4 February 2023 Chile widens state of emergency as raging wildfires leave at least 13 dead:
4 February 2023: Chile’s government has declared a widened state of emergency amid wildfires that have killed at least 13 people and consumed about 14,000 hectares amid a summer heatwave across southern and central swaths of the country. Interior minister Carolina Toha said on Friday morning the government had declared a catastrophe in the region of Biobío, joining its neighbouring region Ñuble. Eleven people, including a firefighter, had died in the Biobío town of Santa Juana, local authorities said.
Araucanía Region and Mapuche conflict:
Araucanía Region
, comprising the two provinces Malleco in the north and Cautín in the south, as Chile did not incorporate the lands of the Araucanía Region until the 1880s, when it occupied the area to end resistance by the indigenous Mapuche by both military and political means, opening up the area for Chilean and European immigration and settlement and becoming one of the principal agricultural districts of Chile, as in the 21st century, Araucanía is Chile's poorest region in terms of GDP per capita, as about a third of the region's population is ethnic Mapuche, the highest proportion of any Chilean region, and therefore the main location of the confrontations of the ongoing Mapuche conflict, after the Mapuche have pressed their land claims against the central government, and as region's capital and largest city is Temuco (other important cities include Angol and Villarrica)
-
Mapuche, group of indigenous inhabitants of present-day south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, and with significant populations in Chile with 1,745,147 people in 2017, and in Argentina with 205,009 people in 2010
November 1881 Mapuche uprising of 1881 but Chilean victory:
November 1881 Mapuche uprising of 1881, the last major rebellion of the indigenous Mapuches of Araucanía, as the uprising took place during the last phase of the Occupation of Araucanía 1861–1883 by the Chilean state, and was planned by Mapuche chiefs in March 1881 to be launched in November the same year, as the organizers of the uprising did succeed in involving Mapuche factions that had not previously been at war with Chile
Temuco city:
Temuco city
and commune, capital of the Cautín Province and of the Araucanía Region in southern Chile, located 670 kilometres south of Santiago, as Temuco's central place in Araucanía with easy access to the Andean valleys, lakes and coastal areas makes it a hub for tourism, agricultural, livestock and forestry operations as well as a communication and trade centre for the numerous small towns of Araucanía, and as Temuco has recently been regarded as a university city housing two large universities
Los Ríos Region:
Los Ríos Region
with its capital Valdivia, as it began to operate as a region in October 2007, having been created by subdividing the Los Lagos Region in southern Chile, and consisting of the two provinces Valdivia and the newly created Ranco Province, which was formerly part of Valdivia Province
Panguipulli city and commune in Valdivia Province:
Panguipulli city and commune
in Valdivia Province, administered by the Municipality of Panguipulli, and located on the western edge of Panguipulli Lake, and on a moraine in the Chilean Central Valley, as most of the commune lies on Andean mountains and valleys
Since 12,000 B.P.–1543 history of Valdivia:
History of Valdivia since Prehispanic times 12,000 B.P.–1543
Demographics and ethnic groups in Chile:
Demographics of Chile
-
Ethnic groups in Chile
Indigenous peoples in Chile:
Indigenous peoples in Chile
-
Languages of
Chile
10 July 2020 Chile’s indigenous communities face new challenges amid covid-19 pandemic:
10 July 2020: Chile’s indigenous communities face new challenges amid pandemic, as country’s 10 indigenous groups account for 12.8% of the population, scattered from the southernmost tip of Patagonia to the dry plains of the Atacama Desert in the north, and remote Easter Island in the South Pacific, and as Chilean government’s response to the covid-19 pandemic has been criticised as 'monocultural, because calls to stay at home largely overlook the reality of life for indigenous peoples, many of whom live in impoverished rural communities
Mapuche:
Mapuche
-
Mapuche language
-
Mapuche religion
Mapuche conflict - since 1536:
Mapuche conflict - since the 1990s
-
Arauco War - conflict between colonial Spaniards and the Mapuche people, 1536 – Chilean War of Independence
-
1851 Chilean Revolution
-
1859 uprising
-
Occupation of Araucanía 1861–1883
July 2013 UN and dispute over land rights:
31 July 2013: Senior United Nations lawyer Ben Emmerson has launched a blistering attack on Chile for its treatment of the country's Mapuche indigenous minority in a long-running dispute over land rights
November 2019 Mapuche protesters launch attacks on symbols of Spanish colonial rule:
5 November 2019: Mapuche protesters in south launch attacks on symbols of Spanish colonial rule and distant government in Santiago, as protesters throng the streets of the Chilean capital of Santiago to protest against inequality and state repression
September 2020 Chile’s Indigenous group Mapuche sees opportunity in a new constitution:
September 2020: Chile’s Indigenous group Mapuche sees opportunity in a new constitution
29 January 2021 Chile police officer sentenced for killing of Mapuche farmer on 'historic day':
29 January 2021: A Chilean police officer has been jailed for killing the Mapuche farmer Camilo Catrillanca during a vehicle chase in a case that cast a harsh spotlight on the country’s treatment of its largest indigenous group
Culture and languages of Chile:
Culture of Chile
-
Languages of
Chile
Chilean literature:
Chilean literature
-
'Four greats of Chilean poetry' is the name given to the group of important poets of Chilean literature Gabriela Mistral, Vicente Huidobro, Pablo de Rokha and Pablo Neruda
Pablo Neruda 1904-1973:
Pablo Neruda, the pen name and later legal name of the Chilean poet-diplomat and politician Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto (1904-1973), who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971
-
23 September 1973 alleged murder by the Pinochet regime and 2013 exhumation of Pablo Neruda
2017:
21 octobre 2017: Un groupe de 16 experts internationaux mandaté par la justice chilienne a conclu que la mort du prix Nobel de littérature Pablo Neruda, survenue peu après le coup d'Etat de Pinochet en 1973, n'est pas due à un cancer comme indiqué sur son certificat de décès
-
21 October 2017: Spanish forensic specialist Aurelio Luna told journalists that a discovered possibly laboratory-cultivated bacteria will be analyzed, with results expected in six months to a year
14 February 2023 forensic study finds Chilean poet Pablo Neruda was poisoned:
14 February 2023: Forensic study finds Chilean poet Pablo Neruda was poisoned. The toxin clostridium botulinum was in his body when he died in 1973, days after Chile’s military coup.
Music of Chile:
Music of Chile
-
Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile
Women in Chile:
Women in Chile
-
National Women's Service
March 2020 women in Chile preparing to join international massive protest:
6 March 2020: Women in Chile are preparing to join a massive protest this Sunday to mark International Women’s Day, in a march expected to reignite the wave of social unrest over inequality, social injustice and high cost of living that began four months ago, now also in the run-up to the referendum in April, when Chileans will vote on reforming the country’s Pinochet-era constitution
-
8 March 2020 International
Women's Day
Education in Chile:
Education
in Chile
-
21 July 2012: Chile child sex abuse to be investigated at 61 schools
Schools in Chile:
Schools in Chile
Universities in Chile:
Universities in Chile
Science, technology and astronomy in Chile
:
Science and technology in Chile
-
Astronomy in Chile
Astronomical observatories in Chile
-
Atacama Large Millimeter Array
-
13 March 2013: Chile unveils world's largest radio telescope expected to provide unprecedented views of faraway galaxies that formed shortly after the Big Bang
Libraries and museums in Chile:
Libraries in Chile
-
Museums in
Chile
Health in Chile:
Health in Chile
Health disasters and disease outbreaks in Chile:
Health disasters and disease outbreaks in Chile
Since 3 March 2021 covid-19 pandemic in Chile:
Since 3 March 2021 covid-19 pandemic in Chile, part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2
Timeline of covid-19 pandemic in Chile:
Timeline of covid-19 pandemic in Chile
7 April 2021 1.037.780 covid-19 cases in Chile:
7. April 2021: In Chile wurden bislang 1.037.780 covid-19 Infektionen erfasst, bei 23.734 Corona-bedingten Todesfällen, wobei im Durchschnitt der letzten 7 Tage 6.898 Neuinfektionen erfasst wurden
Healthcare in Chile:
Healthcare
in Chile
-
Medical and health organisations based in Chile
Hospitals in Chile:
Hospitals in Chile
-
List of hospitals in Chile
Water supply and sanitation in Chile:
Water supply and sanitation in Chile
Chilean media:
Chilean media
-
Media in Chile by city
Censorship in Chile:
Censorship in Chile
Since 1973 book burnings in Chile:
Book burnings in Chile were done by the military junta led by dictator Pinochet following 1973 Chilean coup d'état, as the military burned the books they considered subversive including leftist literature as well as other books that did not fit the junta's ideology, being part of a campaign to 'extirpate the Marxist cancer'
31 December 2019 photographer Albertina Martínez found dead two days after covering a protest:
31 December 2019: Photojournalists and press freedom activists have called on authorities in Chile to investigate the murder of a young photographer amid speculation that her death may have been linked to pictures she took during violent clashes between riot police and anti-government demonstrators
12 May 2022 Chilean journalist Francisca Sandoval dies after being shot while covering Workers’ Day marches:
12 May 2022: Chilean journalist Francisca Sandoval, who was reporting in Barrio Meiggs, a ramshackle market district in the centre of Santiago, has died of her injuries, after a group of men opened fire in a standoff with the marchers and the journalist was shot in the head by a street trader, the first journalist to be killed in the line of duty in Chile since the Pinochet dictatorship
Newspapers in Chile:
List of newspapers in Chile
25 October 2021 'El Mercurio' daily accused of commemorating German war criminal Hermann Göring:
25 October 2021; Chile’s main conservative daily newspaper 'El Mercurio' has been accused of publishing 'an apology for Nazism' after running an illustrated article commemorating the life of the German war criminal Hermann Göring, as 'El Mercurio' received CIA funding during the socialist government of Salvador Allende 1970-73 to undermine the president’s economic reforms. The newspaper supported the 1973 coup which deposed Allende and ushered in General Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship, and published consistently in favour of the military government until the return to democracy in 1990
Broadcasting in Chile:
Broadcasting in Chile
Internet in Chile:
Internet
in Chile
Religion in Chile:
Religion
in Chile
-
Roman Catholicism in Chile
October 2012:
9 October 2012: Chilean Catholic bishop Ordenes resigns over paedophilia accusations
March 2015:
26 March 2015: Pope faces protests by sex abuse board against Chilean bishop’s appointment, who is alleged to have covered up for a notorious South American paedophile
May 2018:
31 May 2018: Pope Francis has become the first pope to publicly denounce a “culture of abuse and cover-up” in the Catholic church, saying he was ashamed that neither he nor church leaders in Chile truly ever listened to victims of the country’s sexual abuse scandal
August 2018:
14 August 2018: Chilean authorities have raided the headquarters of the Catholic church’s Episcopal Conference as part of a widespread investigation into sex abuse committed by members of the Marist Brothers order, prosecutors
Crime in Chile:
Crime in Chile
List of Chilean coups d'état:
List of Chilean coups d'état
1973-1990 Chilean coup d'état and military dictatorship:
11 September 1973 Chilean CIA-backed coup d'état
- following an extended period of social and political unrest between the center-right dominated Congress of Chile and the elected socialist president Salvador Allende, as well as economic warfare ordered by USA president Richard Nixon, Allende was overthrown by the armed forces and national police
-
1973-1990 Military dictatorship of Chile
and Government Junta of Chile
-
Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional, the Chilean secret police in the government of Augusto Pinochet
Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet - General Pinochet was indicted for human rights violations committed in his native Chile by Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón on 10 October 1998 and arrested in London six days later, but finally released by the British government in March 2000
Corruption in Chile:
Corruption in Chile
2015:
4 March 2015: Chile’s top prosecutor has filed tax fraud, money laundering and bribery charges against senior former officials and financiers of a political party created to perpetuate the economic legacy of dictator Augusto Pinochet
Domestic violence in Chile:
Domestic violence in Chile
Law in Chile:
Law of Chile
-
Law enforcement in Chile
Legal history since 1811/1822 and constitutions of Chile:
Legal history of Chile
-
Constitutions of Chile
-
Since 1811 history of the Constitution of Chile
-
Chilean law by year since 1822
-
25 October 2020 Chilean national plebiscite, scheduled to determine whether a new constitution will be drafted, and whether it will be drafted by a constitutional convention, made up by members elected directly for this convention, or a mixed constitutional convention, made up in halves by currently-sitting members of Parliament and directly elected citizens, as a second vote, which will be held alongside municipal and gubernatorial elections on 11 April 2021, would elect the members of the constitutional convention, and a third vote, which is expected to occur in 2022, would accept or reject the new constitution after it is drafted
Judiciary of Chile:
Judiciary of Chile
July 2018 8 military officers sentenced to prison for the murder of Victor Jara in 1971:
3 July 2018: After nearly 50 years eight retired Chilean military officers have been sentenced to 15 years in prison for the murder of popular folk singer Victor Jara during the 1973 coup that installed late dictator Augusto Pinochet in power
Law enforcement agencies of Chile:
Law enforcement agencies of Chile
-
National law enforcement agencies of Chile
Since 1927 Carabiniers of Chile:
Since 1927 Carabiniers of Chile, the Chilean national police force, who have jurisdiction over the entire national territory of Chile
14 October 2020 calls grow for radical reform of Chile's national police force:
14 October 2020: Damning allegations of human rights abuses, cover-ups and impunity have prompted growing calls for a root-and-branch reform of Chile’s national police force, known as the Carabineros
Foreign relations of Chile:
Foreign relations of Chile
Chile/Argentina relations:
Chile/
Argentina
relations
-
Conquest of the Desert - Argentine annexation of Patagonia 1870-1884
-
Border issues
-
Chilean Antarctic Territory
-
Argentine Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula
Chile/Australia relations:
Chile/
Australia
relations
2016:
4 November 2016: The appearance of Chilean naval vessel Esmeralda in Sydney Harbour, which had been used as a 'torture chamber' by the Pinochet regime, has sparked protests from Chilean-Australians who say it should be removed from service
Chile/Bolivia relations:
Chile/
Bolivia
relations
Chile/Brazil relations:
Chile/
Brazil
relations
Chile/Germany relations:
Chile/
Germany
relations
1848-1875:
German Chileans chiefly descendants of about 30,000 immigrants who arrived between 1846–1914, most following the Revolutions of 1848 and the persecution in the German states
-
From 1850 to 1875 the region around Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue in Southern Chile received some 6,000 German immigrants as part of a state-led colonization scheme
1939-1945:
Latin America during World War II
1973-1990:
15 October 2015: Late Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet's regime had ties to a secretive enclave founded by an ex-Nazi corporal that has been accused of collaborating in human rights abuses, according to a leaked report
2015:
19 October 2015: A Chilean court has sentenced a former intelligence official and two residents of secretive German community 'Colonia Dignidad', founded in 1961 by former medic in the Nazi-era German army Paul Schaefer in southern Chile, over the kidnapping and torturing of 50 people in 1975
Chile/Haiti relations:
Chile/
Haiti
relations
2 October 2021 refugees from Haiti and Venezuela now in Chile:
2 octobre 2021: Sur la côte nord du Chili, à la frontière avec le Pérou, la police est confrontée aux deux flux migratoires qui secouent l’Amérique latine: des Haïtiens qui reviennent dans le pays après leur 'rêve américain' avorté et des Vénézuéliens qui rêvent d’y commencer une nouvelle vie
Chile/New Zealand relations:
Chile/
New Zealand
relations
New Zealand people of Chilean descent:
New Zealand people of Chilean descent
October 2019 Chileans and Kiwis marched in solidarity with protesting Chileans:
27 October 2019: Hundreds of Chileans and Kiwis alike marched peacefully down Auckland’s Queen St today to protest growing inequality and high living costs in the South American country of Chile
Chile/Israel relations:
Chile/
Israeö
relations
17 September 2022 Chile postponed meeting with Israeli envoy following IDF killing of Palestinian boy:
17 September 2022: Chilean President Boric postponed meeting with Israeli envoy following Israeli army killing of Palestinian boy on the same day
Chile/Peru relations:
Chile/
Peru
relations
-
28 January 2014: Peru-Chile border redrawn by UN court at The Hague
Chile/Spain relations:
Chile/
Spain
relations
-
Spanish conquest of Chile 1541-1600
-
Arauco War - conflict between colonial Spaniards and the Mapuche people, 1536 – Chilean War of Independence
-
Spanish 'Captaincy General of Chile'
and colonial Chile 1540 to 1818
-
Chilean War of Independence 1810-1826
1998 indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet, released by the British government in March 2000
-
15 June 2013: Chile to block extradition of members of the country's 1970s secret police wanted in Madrid for their role in the kidnapping and murder of Spanish diplomat and UN worker Carmelo Soria 1976
Chile/United Kingdom relations:
Chile/
United Kingdom
relations
-
Overlapping territorial claims in Antarctica
-
Antarctic border issues
Chile/USA relations:
Chile/
USA
relations
Since 1811 USA interventions in Chile:
USA interventions in Chile since 1811
-
Baltimore crisis 1891
-
USA Braden Copper Company
-
1945 El Teniente mining accident
1973 USA involvement in the Chilean coup d'état:
1973 Chilean coup d'état
-
USA involvement in the 1973 Chilean coup d'état
-
19 August 2011: Chile ups Pinochet victims number
-
29 November: Chile seeks former USA military attache Ray Davis extradition over 1973 coup murder (murdered USA journalist Charles Horman and Frank Teruggi)
-
11 September 2013: Murdered poet Victor Jara's wife fights for justice demanding extradition of alleged killer from the USA, 40 years after bloody Pinochet coup
2015:
9 October 2015: Chile's dictator Pinochet directly ordered the 1976 assassination of Chilean diplomat Orlando Letelier who was killed with USA colleague Ronni Moffitt in a car bomb in Washington DC near the White House, according to top secret USA intelligence documents declassified in 2015, who supported Pinochet's dictatorship
Chile/Vatican relations:
Chile/
Vatican
relations
May 2018:
18 May 2018: All Chilean bishops, 31 serving and three retired bishops, have offered to resign en masse over a sexual abuse and cover-up scandal that has embroiled Pope Francis and has been highly damaging to the Catholic church, as the Chilean church hierarchy is accused of destroying evidence of sexual crimes, putting pressure on investigators to downplay abuse accusations and showing 'grave negligence' in protecting children from paedophile priests
-
31 May 2018: Pope Francis has become the first pope to publicly denounce a “culture of abuse and cover-up” in the Catholic church, saying he was ashamed that neither he nor church leaders in Chile truly ever listened to victims of the country’s sexual abuse scandal
Chile/Venezuela relations:
Chile/
Venezuela
relations
2 October 2021 refugees from Haiti and Venezuela now in Chile:
2 octobre 2021: Sur la côte nord du Chili, à la frontière avec le Pérou, la police est confrontée aux deux flux migratoires qui secouent l’Amérique latine: des Haïtiens qui reviennent dans le pays après leur 'rêve américain' avorté et des Vénézuéliens qui rêvent d’y commencer une nouvelle vie
Environment of Chile:
Environment of Chile
-
Natural history of Chile
Climate of Chile:
Climate of Chile
Climate change in Chile:
Climate change in Chile
Environmental issues in Chile:
Environmental issues in Chile
include deforestation, water scarcity, pollution, soil erosion, climate change, and biodiversity loss, especially in its industry-heavy 'sacrifice zones'. The country of Chile is a virtual continental island that spans over 4,200 kilometers. It is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Andes Mountains on the east, and the Atacama Desert in the north, and is home to several important Eco-regions, such as the Chilean Winter Rainfall-Valdivian Forests, a biodiversity hot-spot that harbors richly endemic flora and fauna, and the Tropical Andes, which stretches into northern Chile. The country has a wide variety of climates due to its large size and extreme geographical features including glaciers, volcanoes, rain forests, and deserts. Chile faces many environmental issues that impact both its people and economy.
Natural disasters in Chile:
Natural disasters in Chile
Weather events in Chile:
Weather events in Chile
6 August 2023 winter heatwave in Andes pushes temperature in mountains to 37°C:
6 August 2023: Exceptional winter heat in the Andean mountains of South America has surged to 37°C, prompting local scientists to warn the worst may be yet to come as human-caused climate disruption and El Niño cause havoc across the region. The heatwave in the central Chilean Andes is melting the snow below 3,000 metres, which will have knock-on effects for people living in downstream valleys who depend on meltwater during the spring and summer. Heat records have also been broken in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.
Floods in Chile:
2015:
2015 northern
Chile floods
and mudflow
-
27 March 2015: Flooding in Chilean Atacama desert region kills seven people
2017:
27 February 2017: Heavy rain during usually dry summer months causes landslides and flooding in Chile, leaving three dead and 19 missing
Landslides in Chile:
Landslides in Chile
December 2017:
18 décembre 2017: Un glissement de terrain causé par de fortes pluies a dévasté le village chilien de Villa Santa Lucia, tuant onze personnes et laissant quinze disparus
Drought in Chile:
Drought
in Chile
Since 2010 Chilean water crisis:
Since 2010 Chilean water crisis
June 2013 2/3 of Chile's territory facing desertification:
18 June 2013: Two thirds of Chile's territory is facing desertification in which the bone-dry Atacama Desert grows by over a meter a day, the government warns
Wildfires in Chile:
Wildfires
in Chile
2011/2012:
Incendio forestal de Torres del Paine de 2011-2012
2012:
Incendio forestal en Biobío de 2012
-
2012 Araucanía wildfires
2014:
April 2014 Valparaíso wildfire
2017:
Incendios forestales en Chile de enero de 2017
-
23 janvier 2017: Chili confronté à son 'pire désastre forestier'
-
25 enero 2017: El apoyo internacional solicitado por Conaf ante las emergencias que han generado los incendios forestales de gran magnitud en la zona central del país ya comienza a materializarse
11 April 2022 record-breaking drought enters its 13th year:
11 April 2022: As a record-breaking drought enters its 13th year, Chile has announced an unprecedented plan to ration water for the capital of Santiago, a city of nearly 6 million, as the governor of the Santiago metropolitan region Claudio Orrego said 'a city can’t live without water', 'and we’re in an unprecedented situation in Santiago’s 491-year history where we have to prepare for there to not be enough water for everyone who lives here.'
4 February 2024 at least 64 people dead as authorities struggle to contain forest fires in Chile:
4 February 2024: Firefighters are wrestling with huge forest fires that broke out in central Chile on Friday. Officials have extended curfews in cities most heavily affected by the blazes and said at least 64 people were killed. The fires have been burning with the highest intensity around the city of Viña del Mar, where a botanical garden founded in 1931 was destroyed by the flames. At least 1,600 people have been left without homes.
Earthquakes and tsunamis in Chile:
Geology of Chile
-
Earthquakes in Chile
-
Megathrust earthquakes in Chile
2010:
2010 Chile earthquake
-
April 2014 Iquique earthquake
-
2 April 2014: At least 5 people dead as magnitude-8.2 earthquake hits northern Chile
,
setting off a small tsunami that forced evacuations along the country's Pacific coast
-
3 April: 7.8-magnitude aftershock shakes Chile's north coast
,
new evacuations
2015:
September 2015 Illapel earthquake
-
17 September 2015: One million people evacuated after 8.3 magnitude earthquake, tsunami warning issued for Peru, Chile, New Zealand, California and Hawaii
2016:
December 2016 Chiloé earthquake
Tsunamis in Chile:
Tsunamis in Chile
Volcanism of Chile:
Volcanism
of Chile
-
List of volcanoes in Chile
-
June 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption
-
22 April 2015 Calbuco volcano eruption
-
24 April 2015: Calbuco volcano erupted twice after half a century of inactivity, forcing some 5,000 people to evacuate
Colombia
-
Geography of Colombia
-
Indigenous peoples in Colombia
-
Spanish conquest of the Chibchan Nations
-
Immigration to Colombia
-
History of Colombia
-
Demographics of Colombia
Economy of Colombia:
Economy of Colombia
- main industries are textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds, shipbuilding, electronics industry, home appliance
-
List of companies of Colombia
-
Companies of Colombia by industry
Mining and energy in Colombia:
Mining
and energy in Colombia
Mineral industry of Colombia:
Mineral industry
of Colombia
May 2014 gold miners buried under tonnes of mud:
2 May 2014: Rescue workers try to find miners buried under tonnes of mud at a gold mine in the south-western Cauca department as correspondents say thousands of unchecked mines can be found in Colombia's most remote areas
-
4 May 2014: Rescue workers recovered more killed miners in Cauca department, raising the death toll to 10
May 2015 miners trapped underground in a gold mine:
15 May 2015: Rescue workers were trying to reach at least 15 miners trapped underground in a gold mine in Riosucio in Caldas province after it suddenly flooded
4/5 April coal mine explosion:
5 avril 2020: 11 personnes ont été tuées et 4 blessées lors d'une explosion accidentelle samedi dans une mine de charbon de la municipalité de Cucunuba
Energy in Colombia:
Energy
in Colombia
1992/1993 Colombian energy crisis:
1992/1993 Colombian energy crisis during the presidency of César Gaviria caused by El Niño, leading to droughts across much of the country, which lowered reservoir levels at many of its principal hydroelectric dams, and a further crisis within the state public services company
Colombia's electricity sector:
Colombia's electricity sector, with 33% share of fossil energy production, ist dominated by large hydropower and thermal generation, as despite the country's large potential in new renewable energy technologies (mainly wind, solar and biomass), this potential has been barely tapped, and a 2001 law designed to promote alternative energies lacks certain key provisions
Fossil fuels in Colombia:
Fossil fuels in Colombia
Coal in Colombia:
Coal in Colombia
-
Coal mines in Colombia
Petroleum industry in Colombia:
Petroleum industry in Colombia
-
Oil and gas companies of Colombia
Oil fields of Colombia:
Oil fields of Colombia
Renewable energy in Colombia:
Renewable energy in Colombia
Hydroelectric power in Colombia:
Hydroelectric power in Colombia
Foreign investment in Colombia:
Foreign investment in Colombia
Agriculture in Colombia:
Agriculture in Colombia
- main products are cacao beans, sugarcane, coconuts, bananas, plantains, rice, cotton, tobacco, cassava, and beef cattle, wheat, barley, potatoes, vegetables, flowers, dairy cattle, and poultry
Coffee production in Colombia:
Coffee production in Colombia
Coca production in Colombia:
Coca production in Colombia
Water in Colombia:
Water in Colombia
-
Bodies of water of Colombia
Rivers of Colombia:
Rivers of Colombia
-
List of rivers of Colombia
Transport in Colombia:
Transport
in
Colombia
Rail transport in Colombia:
Rail transport in Colombia
Water transport in Colombia:
Water transport in Colombia
Ports and harbours of Colombia:
Ports and harbours of Colombia
Foreign trade of Colombia:
Foreign trade of Colombia
Economic history of Colombia and economic cycles:
Economic history
of
Colombia
1992/1993 Colombian energy crisis:
1992/1993 Colombian energy crisis during the presidency of César Gaviria caused by El Niño, leading to droughts across much of the country, which lowered reservoir levels at many of its principal hydroelectric dams, and a further crisis within the state public services company
1999-present economic history of Colombia:
1999-present economic history of Colombia
Labor in Colombia:
Labor in Colombia
-
Trade unions in Colombia
Poverty and social class in Colombia:
Poverty
in Colombia
-
Social class in Colombia
Military Forces of Colombia:
Military Forces of Colombia, numbering about 250,000 uniformed personnel, 145,000 military and 105,000 police, not including assistance personnel such as cooks, medics, mechanics, and making the Colombian military one of the largest and most well-equipped in Latin America
Taxation in Colombia:
Taxation in Colombia
Politics of Colombia:
Politics of Colombia
-
Constitution of Colombia 1991
Political parties and trade unions in Colombia:
List of political parties in Colombia
-
Trade unions in Colombia
Since 1998 'Partido Verde Oxígeno':
Since 1998 'Partido Verde Oxígeno', a political party in Colombia founded in 1998. After Íngrid Betancourt, one of its most prominent members, was kidnapped in 2002, the party's popular support began to fade. In 2005, a political reform on the Colombian party system left the party without participation, due to low popular support. However, in 2021, it was relaunched by Betancourt and joined the Hope Center Coalition, with Betancourt and Carlos Amaya as its candidates in the coalition primaries for the 2022 Colombian presidential election
Since 2005 'Green Alliance' party:
Since 2005 'Green Alliance' Colombian political party advocating social justice, electoral reform and economic sustainability, as the party supports the 'Colombian peace process' and formed an electoral alliance called 'Coalition Colombia'
Since 9 June 2021 'Hope Center Coalition':
Since 9 June 2021 'Hope Center Coalition' (Coalición Centro Esperanza, previously Coalición de la Esperanza), a political and electoral coalition in Colombia composed of political parties and social movements. According to them, they will work under four programmatic guidelines, which are to regain confidence in democracy, put the economy at the service of citizens, take care of biodiversity and protect citizens and territories.
Elections and politics in Colombia:
Elections
in Colombia
-
Colombian parliamentary election 14 March 2010
Colombian parliamentary election 9 March 2014:
Colombian parliamentary election 9 March 2014
-
10 March 2014: Preliminary results for Colombia’s 2014 congressional elections
Colombian presidential election May/June 2014:
Colombian presidential election 25 May and 15 June 2014
-
26 May 2014: Colombia's President Santos and his challenger head to runoff in three weeks
-
15 June: Colombia elects president after tight and tense election race
-
16 June: President Santos won a second term with about 50.8% of the vote, after vowing to continue peace talks with Farc
June 2014 Colombian conflict truth commission:
8 June 2014: Colombian government and Farc agreed to set up a truth commission to investigate the deaths of thousands of people in five decades of conflict
October 2015 Colombian regional and municipal elections:
25 October 2015 Colombian regional and municipal elections
August 2016 Colombian peace process agreement:
Colombian peace process - negotiators announced a final agreement to end the conflict and build a lasting peace on 24 August 2016, subject to popular ratification in a referendum on October 2, 2016
October 2016 Colombian peace agreement referendum:
2 October 2016 Colombian peace agreement referendum
-
3 October 2016: Colombians have rejected peace deal to end 52 years of war with Farc guerrillas, as the no vote led with 50.23% to 49.76% after counting completed from 98% of polling stations
-
14 October 2016: President Juan Manuel Santos extends ceasefire with Farc rebels until end of year in attempt to save accord rejected by voters
November/December 2016:
13 November 2016: Colombia’s government and Farc rebels agreed on a revised peace deal, saying they had incorporated proposals from the opposition, religious leaders and others
-
24 November 2016: Colombia’s president Santos, who says that 'we have to act' and no time to lose, and Farc rebels are set to sign a revised peace agreement tomorrow to end more than 50 years of conflict, despite continued objections by many who rejected the original accord in an October vote
-
1 December 2016: Colombia's government formally ratifies revised Farc peace deal
June 2017:
27 June 2017: Colombia FARC rebels complete disarmament, according to UN
March 2018 Colombian parliamentary election:
11 March 2018 Colombian parliamentary election
-
12 mars 2018: La droite opposée à l'accord de paix avec l'ex-guérilla Farc est arrivée en tête des législatives en Colombie, lors d'un scrutin historique auquel les anciens rebelles ont participé pour la première fois
May/June 2018 Colombian presidential election:
27 May 2018 Colombian presidential election
-
28 May 2018: Iván Duque, a fierce critic of the peace accord, will face-off against former mayor of Bogotá Gustavo Petro in second round
June 2018 Colombian presidential election second round
-
18 June 2018: Conservative opponent of Farc peace process Iván Duque wins election to become Colombia's president
November 2019 Colombia’s government to close its borders:
20 November 2019: Colombia’s government has announced plans to close its borders, part of a string of measures to contain mass strikes and protests planned this week amid sweeping unrest in South America
3 December 2019 dialogue or ban:
3 décembre 2019: Le gouvernement colombien s'est dit prêt à dialoguer directement avec les leaders du mouvement qui conteste depuis 12 jours la politique du président Ivan Duque, mais il leur demande d'annuler une manifestation nationale prévue mercredi
Since April 2021 Colombian protests:
Since April 2021 Colombian protests, a series of ongoing protests against increased taxes and health care reform proposed by the government, as the tax initiative was introduced to expand funding to Ingreso Solidario (universal basic income social program established in April 2020 to provide relief during the covid-19 pandemic), while the legislative Bill 010 proposed the privatization of health care in Colombia
3 May 2021 protests against government's tax reform continue despite announcement of the government:
3 mai 2021: Des violences, lors de manifestations contre une réforme fiscale ces derniers jours en Colombie, ont fait au moins 17 morts et plus de 800 blessés, et la mobilisation se poursuivait lundi malgré le retrait du projet par le président Ivan Duque
4/5 May 2021 UN condemns violent repression of Colombia protests:
4 May 2021: After at least 18 die UN condemns violent repression of Colombia protests, as riot police rampage across streets, shoot protesters and charge at crowds with motorcycles in week of unrest across the country
-
5 May 2021: Colombia torn by protests and violent crackdown
10 May 2021 Cali has become the center of Colombia’s anti-government protests:
10 May 2021: The presence of armed civilians attacking protesters has added a worrying dimension to a wave of unrest that has claimed 47 lives, as Cali city has become the center of Colombia’s anti-government protests
19 May 2021 Colombia’s class war turns hot on the streets of Cali, according to 'The Guardian':
19 May 2021: Poor and indigenous protesters have been met with deadly force by armed civilians and police representing interests of the wealthy, after 2016 deal with its provisions for land reform and rural development was seen by many of the nation’s poor as a chance for social justice, but such hopes went unrealized and, with no sign of an end to the current unrest, some worry that Colombia’s social classes are as bitterly divided as they ever were
30 May 2021 UN rights chief urges independent probe into deaths in Colombia:
30 May 2021: UN rights chief urges independent probe into deaths in Colombia and accountability for the violence, pointing to reports that 14 people have died since Friday amid huge anti-government protests in Cali
6 June 2021 Colombia's announcment to ‘modernise’ police after protest violence criticism:
6 June 2021: After security forces in Colombia have been accused of using excessive force during nationwide anti-government protests, president has announced plans to “modernise” the country’s police force, including providing human rights training and increased oversight for officers
18 January 2022 nearly 150 activists killed in Colombia in 2021, rights ombudsman says:
18 January 2022: At least 145 community leaders and rights activists were killed in 2021 in Colombia, the country’s human rights ombudsman has said, as those killed included members of Indigenous groups, advocates for rural communities, and trade unionists
18 January 2022 Colombia's Ingrid Betancourt announces presidential run in May:
18 January 2022: Colombian politician Ingrid Betancourt - who was held as a hostage for six years by the Farc guerrilla group - says she will be running for her country’s presidency two decades after her kidnapping by the Farc group, in 2002 campaigning for the country’s top office for the Green Oxygen Party, a movement she founded while she was a congresswoman, now in 2022 saying 'today I am here to finish off what I started with many of you in 2002', announced her candidacy with the statement 'I am here to claim the rights of 51 million Colombians who are not finding justice, because we live in a system designed to reward criminals'. Betancourt will be once again running as a candidate for the 'Green Oxygen party', which is now part of a coalition of centrist political movements that will hold a primary in March.
13 March 2022 Colombian parliamentary election:
13 March 2022 Colombian parliamentary election, as of the 166 members of the House of Representatives, 162 are elected by proportional representation from 33 multi-member constituencies based on the departments, with seats allocated using the largest remainder method. Two members are elected by the Afro-Colombian community, one by indigenous community, and one by Colombian expatriates. 'FARC' will be guaranteed five seats in the House and five in the Senate as part of the 'Colombian peace process'.
14 March 2022 women hit the table in Colombian elections:
14 March 2022: The legislative elections and presidential consultations in Colombia were posed as a challenge for Colombian politicians and leaders who have been trying, for years, to consolidate their presence and leave behind the lack of representation in the organs of power. In this sense, the elections brought with them some milestones in the feminist career in Colombian politics, but they also showed that women are still far from achieving greater.
-
14 March 2022: : Petro takes lead in Colombia elections, Congress divided, 'Al Jazeera' reports
29 May 2022 Colombian presidential election, opinion polls:
29 May 2022 Colombian presidential election
-
Opinion polls for May 2022 Colombian presidential election
29 May 2022 Colombia goes to the polls in historic election that could see turn to left:
29 May 2022: Colombians head to the polls today in a presidential election that may give the conservative South American country its first ever leftwing leader, Gustavo Petro, and first black vice-president, Francia Márquez
30 May 2022 Colombians have voted for change:
30 May 2022: Voters in Colombia, who have never before elected a left-wing leader, overwhelmingly cast their ballots for ex-rebel Gustavo Petro, but he did not gain the 50% needed to win outright, therefore is joined in the second round by businessman Rodolfo Hernández, whose savvy campaign on social media proved an unlikely success with voters. Both candidates have promised to change Colombia and shake up its politics, which for decades has been dominated by a small and powerful elite in the capital Bogota, as Gustavo Petro's choice of Afro-Colombian environmentalist and rights activist Francia Márquez as running mate in 2022 has been a boon to his campaign.
19 June 2022 Colombian presidential election second round:
19 June 2022 Colombian presidential election second round
20 June 2022 Colombia's first leftist president Gustavo Petro faces tough challenge in the changing country:
20 June 2022: Colombia’s new president Petro ran unsuccessfully twice, unable to overcome the conservative wall erected nearly two centuries ago around the Colombian presidency, but on Sunday he was finally able to topple that wall and was elected president, making history as the first leftwing head of state of the South American country, saying to all citizens 'we are not going to betray the electorate that has shouted at history', adding 'it is that starting today Colombia changes', as Petro’s vice-president will be Francia Márquez, the first black woman to hold the post
13 August 2022 new president Petro replaces security chiefs in human rights push:
13 August 2022: Colombia’s new president Petro replaces security chiefs in human rights push, after in July criminal groups staged almost 90 attacks on the police and military, killing 13 police officers, monitor says, and as president says his criteria for selecting the new commanders were 'zero corruption, zero violation of fundamental rights'
26 August 2022 Colombia’s leftwing government unveils tax-the-rich plan to tackle poverty:
26 August 2022: Colombia’s new leftist government has proposed an ambitious plan to tax the rich in an effort to combat poverty in one of the most unequal countries in the Americas, with measures including wealth tax and levy on oil exports. If implemented, the Piketty-esque legislation proposed by the president could raise more than $11.5bn annually to fund anti-poverty efforts, free public university and other social welfare programs
25 July 2023 outrage as warlord Mancuso appointed ‘peace manager’ in Colombia by president Petro:
26 August 2022: Outrage as warlord Salvatore Mancuso appointed ‘peace manager’ in Colombia by president Petro, as Mancuso is one of the most notorious figures in Colombia’s six decades of conflict, responsible for some of the most heinous of crimes during the darkest chapters in the country’s history. As a senior commander of the AUC – the country’s largest rightwing death squad – he ordered forced disappearances, sexual violence and massacres of civilians. 'There was not a single campesino who did not live in fear of that man' said Angélica Salsero
2 December 2023 Colombia joins international alliance calling for treaty to end use of fossil fuels:
2 December 2023: Colombia joins international alliance calling for a fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty to prevent the 'omnicide of planet Earth' and to end use of fossil fuels. At the climate summit in Dubai, Gustavo Petro has said his country would join a group of nations calling for a new body to manage a global transition away from the primary driver of global heating, akin to previous treaties to reduce nuclear weapon arsenals and landmines.
Protests in Colombia:
Protests in Colombia
2011 Colombian student protests:
2011 Colombian student protests was a student protest movement against a planned reform on the education system in Colombia, in November 16 the reform project was withdrawn from the parliament of Colombia
November 2017:
1 November 2017: At least eight people have been injured in clashes in Colombia after tens of thousands of indigenous people joined a widespread protest by rural farmers, which is now entering its tenth day, demanding the implementation of the peace agreement with the Farc
February 2018:
9 February 2018: Colombia’s former Farc rebel group, now a political party, temporarily suspended its presidential and legislative election campaigns due to security concerns after angry protests disrupted their campaign stops
July 2019 protest against violence and killing of activists:
27 juillet 2019: Des milliers de manifestants se sont rassemblés vendredi en Colombie pour protester contre l'assassinat de centaines de militants des droits de l'homme depuis 2016
November 2019 protests in support of the Colombian peace process:
November 2019 Colombian protests, a collection of protests since 21 November 2019, as hundreds of thousands of Colombians demonstrated in support of the Colombian peace process and against the government of Iván Duque Márquez
20 November 2019 facing protests government to close borders:
20 November 2019: Colombia’s government has announced plans to close its borders, part of a string of measures to contain mass strikes and protests planned this week amid sweeping unrest in South America
21 November 2019 peace and anti-government protest:
21 November 2019: Hundreds of thousands of Colombians have taken to the streets in a show of support for the country’s embattled peace process and to protest against its deeply unpopular government, as pensioners, students, teachers and union members joined marches across the country in one of biggest mass demonstrations in recent years
24 November 2019 protest and proposed talks:
24 novembre 2019: Des milliers de personnes ont à nouveau protesté à Bogota samedi, au troisième jour d'un mouvement contre le président de droite Ivan Duque, qui a en conséquence avancé à dimanche l'ouverture d'un dialogue national annoncée
27 November 2019 strike:
27 novembre 2019: Le mouvement social en Colombie ne faiblit pas avec un nouvel appel à la grève pour mercredi contre le président Ivan Duque, dont l'offre de dialogue n'a pas enrayé des manifestations d'une ampleur inédite
December 2019 protests and strike:
2 dècembre 2019: De nouvelles manifestations ont eu lieu dimanche dans plusieurs villes de Colombie, à Bogota notamment, pour exiger du président de droite Ivan Duque une inflexion de sa politique, au onzième jour d'un mouvement social inhabituel dans ce pays d'Amérique latine
-
4 December 2019: Thousands take to the streets in third national strike in two weeks, as protests put more pressure on unpopular Iván Duque, who is engaged in a ‘national dialogue’ with strike organisers
22 September 2020 protest against police violence:
22 septembre 2020: Des milliers de Colombiens ont de nouveau protesté lundi contre les violences policières et contre la politique du gouvernement, onze jours après les manifestations déclenchées par la mort d’un homme aux mains de la police
13 October 2020 Native American protests against Spain and Columbus:
13 octobre 2020: Des milliers de membres des communautés indigènes de Colombie et du Chili ont manifesté lundi, jour de commémoration de l’arrivée de Christophe Colomb sur le continent américain et de la fête nationale en Espagne
20 October 2020 Native American protest against violence:
20 octobre 2020: Plusieurs milliers d’indigènes, victimes du regain de la violence en Colombie, se sont rassemblés lundi dans le centre de Bogotá pour dénoncer la vague de violence en exigeant d’être écoutés par le président Iván Duque, qui leur a reproché de manifester en pleine pandémie de Covid-19
Since April 2021 Colombian protests:
Since April 2021 Colombian protests, a series of ongoing protests against increased taxes and health care reform proposed by the government, as the tax initiative was introduced to expand funding to Ingreso Solidario (universal basic income social program established in April 2020 to provide relief during the covid-19 pandemic), while the legislative Bill 010 proposed the privatization of health care in Colombia
2 May 2021 protests against government's tax reform proposal resulting in at least six deaths:
2 May 2021: Thousands of Colombians have taken to the streets for International Workers’ Day marches and protests against a government tax reform proposal, in a fourth day of demonstrations that have resulted in at least six deaths
6 May 2021: Colombia torn by protests and violent crackdown:
6 May 2021: Colombia torn by protests and violent crackdown, as 23 protesters and one police officer killed after general strike over unpopular tax reform met with heavy-handed response
15 May 2021 protests against crackdown:
15 mai 2021: Les manifestations contre la répression policière tournent au chaos tandis que des affrontements ont éclaté vendredi à Popayán, au lendemain du suicide d’une jeune fille de 17 ans arrêtée par les forces de l’ordre
29 May 2021 clashes continue to roil Colombia in ongoing anti-poverty demonstrations:
29 May 2021: Violent unrest continues to roil Colombia as anti-poverty demonstrations enter their second month and talks between protesters and the government stall, as clashes continued on Friday night, with protesters battling police who attempted to lift roadblocks across the country, and as hardest hit was the major south-west city of Cali, that has become the centre of the protests that began on 28 April over an unpopular and since-axed tax reform
-
29 May 2021: Four people have died in Colombia as tens of thousands of protesters marked a month of demonstrations across the country, while talks between the government and the national strike committee were stalled
9 June 2021 'this is a revolution’, according to British journalist Joe Parkin Daniels, showing faces of protesters:
9 June 2021: 'This is a revolution’, according to British journalist Joe Parkin Daniels, showing faces of Colombia’s protesters, as - despite already 58 people have died in six weeks of unrest - demonstrators say they are more determined than ever to fight for change
13 juin 2021: La baisse de l’intensité du conflit armé a permis aux jeunes d’exprimer leur désarroi social dans la rue, et de se politiser, tandis que depuis trois ans, le président Duque, dont le mandat s’achève l’année prochaine, essuie une succession de mobilisations sociales et contre la brutalité policière d’une ampleur inédite dans ce pays de 50 millions d’habitants, l’un des plus inégalitaires du monde
18 June 2021 more clashes and one protester killed in Cali:
18 juin 2021: De nouveaux affrontements entre policiers et manifestants à Cali ont fait un mort parmi les protestataires et quatre blessés parmi les forces de l’ordre, après les heurts ont éclaté jeudi, en fin de journée, lorsque la police a tenté de disperser des manifestants encagoulés qui avaient érigé une barricade sur un des axes permettant d’accéder à la troisième ville du pays
14 August 2021 Colombia’s protesters accuse authorities of using arrests, prosecutions to weaken the push for change:
14 August 2021: Colombia’s Primera Linea protesters accuse authorities of using arrests, prosecutions to weaken the push for change
Society, demographics, culture and human rights in Colombia:
Colombian society
-
Social class
in Colombia
Human rights in Colombia:
Human rights
in Colombia
December 2017 more than 100 human rights defenders have been killed in Colombia this year:
21 December 2017: More than 100 human rights defenders have been killed in Colombia this year, as activists have been particularly at risk in regions that were vacated by rebel fighters under the peace agreement signed last year, leaving a power vacuum, according to the UN, which urg