Since 1948: Palestinian refugee camps in Syria - Since 1957 Yarmouk Camp

2014: 17 January 2014: Assad regime’s helicopters dropped barrel bombs on the Palestinian refugee camp Yarmouk, reportedly killing at least 9 people and wounding many - 18 January 2014: Damascus Yarmouk refugee camp receives aid for first time in months after reports that people have died of hunger and lack of medical care - 10 March 2014: According to Lebanese newspaper Al Akhbar Palestine's Mahmoud Abbas told Syrian opposition to trust Russia's Putin regime, not USA - 28 December 2014: 2,589 Palestinian-Syrians had been killed since March 2011, rights group says

2017: 19 April 2017: Human rights watchdog calls for the release of 1,200 Palestinian detainees from Syrian regime prisons held by Assad since 2011, including women with children, as group releases report claiming 461 prisoners have been executed or killed under torture since 2011

2018: 2 April 2018: 23 Palestinians were killed in Syria during March, including 15 victims killed by gunfire, 7 killed as a result of bombardment and one as a result of lack of medical treatment, as 3,685 Palestinians have died since the beginning of Assad's war against the Syrian people seven years ago, according to the Action Group for Palestinians of Syria

Since 2011: Since 2011 Refugees of Assad's war against the Syrian people

Since 2014: Since 2014 International and European refugee and migrant crisis - Border barriers constructed during the European migrant crisis

2014: 29 September 2014: A record 3,072 people had died attempting to reach Europe during the first nine months of 2014, the International Organisation for Migration says, urging the world’s governments to engage to stop this violence against desperate migrants

2015: 15 June 2015: Human rights organisation accuses politicians of shameful failure over worldwide refugee crises and neglect for the deaths of thousands of civilians fleeing wars in the Middle East and Africa - 18 décembre 2015: 2015 marquée par un nombre record de réfugiés et une vague sans précédent de migrants via la mer Méditerranée, dont une grande majorité venait de Syrie

2016: 3 January 2016: A drowned two-year-old boy becomes Europe's first known refugee casualty of 2016 after the crowded dinghy he was travelling in hit rocks off Greece’s Agathonisi island - 26 January 2016: UN warns 2.5 million Syrian children will become refugees by the end of 2016 - 29 January 2016: Refugees are not a crisis, we are human beings, activists in the UK say in a letter, underlining that the world must work together to solve crises also by fighting against racism, murder and war - 4 February 2016: Increasingly intensive Russian airstrikes are pushing tens of thousands of Syrians from Aleppo towards the Turkish border, as Europe is struggling to respond to the existing refugee crisis - 7 February 2016: It was Bashar Assad, his allies and Islamic State terrorists who butchered their families and took their homes, but the USA, Britain and European countries left Syrian refugees in Turkey to face their fate - 9 February 2016: Russian airstrikes in Syria send thousands of more refugees arriving at the Turkish-Syrian border - 16 avril 2016: De violents combats, impliquant tous les protagonistes de la guerre en Syrie, poussent sur les routes des milliers de civils dans le nord - 20 June 2016: As a record 65 million men, women and children are forced from their homes by war and persecution last year, UN refugee agency sounds alarm over failure of nations to find collective solutions - 26 October 2016: A record number of people have died or gone missing while attempting to cross the Mediterranean sea, making 2016 the deadliest year for refugees and migrants trying to reach Europe, according to UNHCR's William Spindler

2017: 30 January 2017: Activists appeal for humanitarian action to save thousands of refugees in camps near Lebanon’s Arsal as snowstorm hits - 30 March 2017: The number of Syrian refugees in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt has passed 5 million for the first time in Syria's six year conflict, according to the UN refugee agency

January 2018: 19 janvier 2018: Le Haut-Commissariat de l'ONU pour les réfugiés a recensé 997'905 réfugiés syriens enregistrés au Liban, en grande majorité des femmes et des enfants, avec 58% des ménages vivant dans une extrême pauvreté - 20 January 2018: Thirteen Syrians, including five children and women, froze to death crossing into Lebanon when an icy storm hit a route in the mountains near a border post with Syria

March 2018: 16 March 2018: Refugees flee Eastern Ghouta - 18 March 2018: Kurds flee Afrin after Turkish troops and Arab forces they sponsor have encircled their home city except for the squeeze point they used to flee, ahead, Shia militants allied to Assad's army man checkpoints deciding who can pass

May 2018: 7 May 2018: Three Spanish firefighters and two Danish volunteers have appeared in court accused of trying to help migrants enter Greece via the island of Lesbos, after working as volunteers to aid thousands of migrants, mostly Syrians, risking their lives to reach Europe via Lesbos and other Greek islands, saying 'humanitarian assistance can not and should not be criminalised'

August 2018: 30 August 2018: Syria's refugees fear for their future after war, saying 'we can’t go back'

November 2018: 1 November 2018: Assad regime delays entry of aid to the al-Rukban Camp, UN says

2017: 2017 Rohingya refugee crisis following the Rohingya persecution in Myanmar since 2016 - 17 October 2017: UN released aerial footage showing thousands of Rohingya Muslims after they crossed the Naf river into Bangladesh, joining at least 536,000 Rohingya Muslims who have fled Myanmar since Augus - 20 October 2017: More than 300,000 Rohingya refugee children 'outcast and desperate', Unicef says

September 2018: 19 September 2018: ICC's Fatou Bensouda announces investigation into the deportations of hundreds of thousands of Rohingya Muslims from Myanmar into Bangladesh

Ethnic conflict, Chauvinism is an exaggerated nationalism and a belligerent belief in national superiority and Racism by country - White supremacy ideology centered upon the sight, that 'white' people are superior in certain characteristics, traits, and attributes (in fact the means of violence mainly developed in Europe since many centuries and now worldwide) to people constituting the majority of the world's population - Imperialism is a policy of extending a state's power and influence through colonization, use of military force and other means, originating from the Roman 'imperium', which means the conquest and rule over large territories for the purpose of slave hunting and submission - Colonialism, the establishment of a colony in one territory by a political power from another territory, and the subsequent maintenance, expansion, and exploitation of that colony - Exploitation colonialism, the national economic policy of conquering a country to exploit its natural resources and its native population

1700-1900 long rifle, also known as Kentucky or Pennsylvania rifle, was one of the first commonly used rifles characterized by an unusually long barrel, used by British American colonies in their wars against Native Americans and other wars - Since the early 1700s the longrifle was developed in southeastern Pennsylvania, becoming more popular due to their longer effective range, when a rifleman could hit a man-sized target at a range of 200 yards or more

Militarization, the process by which a society organizes itself for military conflict and violence - Militarism as a cause of World War I - German kingdom of Prussia is considered the wellspring of European militarism in modern history

Crime of aggression - An invasion is a military offensive in which large parts of combatants of one geopolitical entity aggressively enter territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of either conquering, liberating or re-establishing control or authority over a territory - List of invasions - Military conquest - Warfare

Since 1914: Chemical warfare, industrial era and World War I 1914-1918 started by German Empire and Austria-Hungary - Chlorine gas was first used as a weapon in World War I by Germany in assaulted Belgium in 1915 - Since 1917 Mustard agent, first used effectively in World War I by the German army against British and Canadian soldiers near Ypres, Belgium, in 1917 and later also against the French Second Army - Chemical warfare, World War II 1939-1945, Imperial Japanese Army's chemical warfare and NSDAP-Germany

1920s, 1942-1945: Zyklon B, a cyanide-based pesticide invented in Germany in the early 1920s, in early 1942 Zyklon B emerged as the preferred killing tool of Nazi Germany for use in extermination camps during the Holocaust

1928: 11 June 1928: Sir W. Davison asks the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether he has obtained any explanation from the German Government with regard to the large quantities of phosgene poison gas found to be stored in Hamburg contrary to the express terms of the peace treaty, as disclosed by the recent explosion of a tank containing the gas, with consequent serious loss of life, and what action is being taken in the matter - 1928: Aus ist's mit den bösen Kriegen, sagt der Völkerbund, Friedenstauben munter fliegen um das Erdenrund, Es ertönt in jedem Land Friedensmusik, Und geächtet und verbannt ist jetzt der Krieg, Nur zum Spaß macht man Gas, weil's noch keiner kennt, Panzerkreuzer sind das beste Friedensinstrument, Tankgeschwader, Fliegerbomben - nur für den Sport, Niemand denkt mehr an den Massenmord

1936-1939: 1936-1939 support for the Spanish fascists by Germany and Italy and policiy of non-intervention and isolationism of the Republic by the United Kingdom, France and USA, later identified as disastrous

September 1936: September 1936: Spanish FM Julio Álvarez del Vayo appealed to the League of Nations in September 1936 for arms to defend Spain's territorial integrity and political independence, but the League members would not intervene in the Spanish Civil War nor prevent foreign intervention in the conflict, did ban foreign volunteers in February 1937, while Adolf Hitler and Mussolini continued to aid Franco's fascists

1938: Sarin was discovered in 1938 in Wuppertal-Elberfeld in Germany by 'scientists' at IG Farben who were attempting to create stronger pesticides and in mid-1939, the formula for the agent was passed to the chemical warfare section of the German Army Weapons Office, which ordered that it be brought into mass production for wartime use

1983–1988, 1991: 1983–1988 use of mustard and nerve agent in the Iraq–Iran War by Iraqi Saddam regime forces - Halabja chemical attack by Saddam regime forces against the Kurdish people that took place on 16 March 1988, killing between 3,200 and 5,000 people and injuring 7,000 to 10,000 more, most of them civilians - 1991 use of chemical weapons by Saddam regime forces in Southern Iraq against the Popular Uprising

August 2013: 21 August 2013: Ghouta chemical attack occurred in Syria, two opposition-controlled areas in the suburbs around Damascus were struck by rockets containing the chemical agent sarin - Foreign government assessments regarding the August 2013 Ghouta sarin gas attack - International reactions to the Ghouta chemical attack

April 1915 - present: 16 September 2016: Chlorine, the gas of war crimes, first used by German war criminals 1915 in Belgium and last used in August 2016 by war criminals against the Syrian people - 16 September 2016: UN-led international inquiry has identified two Syrian Assad regime air force helicopter squadrons and two other military units it holds responsible for chlorine gas attacks on civilians

June 2018: 19 June 2018: The rapid rise of synthetic biology has raised the risk of a new generation of bioweapons, according to a major USA repor

October 2018: 15 October 2018: A BBC investigation shows for the first time the extent to which chemical weapons have been crucial to Assad's war-winning strategy, saying there is enough evidence to be confident that at least 106 chemical attacks have taken place in Syria since September 2013, when Assad signed the international Chemical Weapons Convention and agreed to destroy the country's chemical weapons stockpile following the Ghouta chemical attack

History of nuclear weapons - Since 19th/20th century development of modern physics linked with industrial revolution and history of technology - Nuclear history by country - List of nuclear test sites - List of nuclear weapon test locations

Since 1933: Nuclear arms race before, during and since World War II and its causes - 'Einstein–Szilárd letter' sent to USA's Franklin D. Roosevelt on 2 August 1939, warning that Germany might develop atomic bombs - USA's 'Manhattan Project' since 1942 was a research and development project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II - 'Trinity' nuclear test, the first detonation of a nuclear weapon on 16 July 1945, as part of USA's Manhattan Project and approved by the government on 25 July, warning aggressors and war criminals - 26 July 1945 'Potsdam Declaration' (USA, United Kingdom, China) stating, if Empire of Japan did not surrender, it would face 'prompt and utter destruction' - 'Operation Downfall' allied plan for the invasion of Japan to end World War II, abandoned when Japan surrendered following the August 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Historical nuclear weapons stockpiles and nuclear tests by country - Nuclear weapons by country

2016: 13 June 2016: At the start of 2016 nine states, the USA, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea, together possessed a total of approximately 15,395 nuclear weapons, Russia and the USA still account for more than 93% of all nuclear weapons, as both Russia and the USA have extensive and expensive nuclear modernization programmes under way, according to SIPRI

2017: 11 March 2017: There were an estimated 15,400 nuclear weapons in 2016, as China was thought to have 260 warheads in early 2016, India is thought to have 100-120 nuclear weapons now, Pakistan may have as many as 130 and North Korea now thought to have 10 nuclear weapons - 21 September 2017: China, India, North Korea and Pakistan expanding their nuclear arsenals, according to SIPRI, also saying that developments in North Korea’s nuclear program 'contributed to international political instability with potentially serious knock-on effects'

May 2018: 8 May 2018: Israel says it has briefed 22 countries on Iranian regime's nuclear archive smuggled out of Tehran earlier this year to garner more support for renewed international pressure on Iran

June 2018: 18 June 2018: All the nuclear weapon-possessing states are developing new nuclear weapon systems and modernizing their existing systems, as at the start of 2018 nine states possessed approximately 14,465 nuclear weapons, according to Sipri

Since the 1970s Nuclear proliferation to Pakistan and North Korea: Nuclear proliferation to Pakistan and North Korea since the 1970s

Since 1980: Since 1980 Swiss engineer Friedrich Tinner connected with the Khan network trafficking in the proliferation of nuclear materials and know-how to Pakistan, Iran, Libya, and North Korea and later cover-up to hide the involvement of Urs Tinner with the CIA - 31 May 2008: Nuclear bomb blueprints and manuals on how to manufacture weapons-grade uranium for warheads are feared to be circulating on the international black market, according to investigators tracking the world's most infamous nuclear smuggling racket

2004 Khan's confession and 2011 Tinner nuclear smuggling trial: 4 February 2004: Abdul Qadeer Khan, the father of Pakistan's nuclear programme, today asked the country's president to forgive him for selling its secrets abroad - 13 December 2011: Switzerland has charged three members of the Swiss Friedrich Tinner family for their role in the Abdul Qadeer Khan nuclear smuggling network, involving Switzerland's defence ministry destroying vital evidence in the case, and blocking the prosecution of the Tinners and the CIA for espionage, after a plea deal which will mean that their claims of collaboration with the CIA will not be examined in court

2015: 28 May 2015: Myth of a peaceful nuclear technology and tactics to trivialize the proliferation risks, as the use of civil facilities and materials in nuclear weapons research or systematic weapons programs has been commonplace and has occurred in at least the following countries Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Egypt, France, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Libya, North Korea, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, UK, USA, and Yugoslavia

2017: 18 October 2017: Experts and former senior officials from around the world met in Paris to discuss the threat of nuclear proliferation, something they believe is ignored despite the dire situation and, according to some, worse than it was during the Cold War - October 2017 Conference of the International Luxembourg Forum on Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe 'Topical Issues of Nuclear Non-Proliferation'

Weapons trade - Arms trafficking, the trafficking of contraband weapons and ammunition - what constitutes legal trade in firearms varies widely, depending on local and national laws - Small arms trade or the small arms market refer to both authorized and illicit markets for small arms and light weapons and their parts, accessories, and ammunition - Companies by arms sales - List of countries by military expenditures - Weapons by country - List of countries by level of military equipment

2001/2005 Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, as of November 2015 it has 114 parties, including 113 states and the European Union, Australia, Canada, China, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Luxembourg, Monaco, Seychelles, United Kingdom have signed the protocol but have not yet ratified it, three of the top four arms manufacturers in the world — the USA, Russia, and France — did not sign the protocol - 2013/2014 Arms Trade Treaty, a multilateral treaty that regulates the international trade in conventional weapons, 92 states have ratified the treaty, and a further 41 states have signed but not ratified it

2011: 23 November 2011: Landmine use 'highest since 2004' despite record clearances

2012: 30. Januar 2012: Friedensforschungsinstitut Sipri prangert fehlende Kontrollen von Waffenschmuggel und Transportverboten an - 27. Februar 2012: Waffenindustrien wachsen trotz Wirtschaftskrise - USA und EU Konzerne größte Waffenproduzenten - 19. März 2012: Das Volumen der weltweiten Rüstungsgeschäfte hat in den vergangenen fünf Jahren um 24 Prozent zugenommen - auf die beiden grössten Rüstungsexporteure USA 30% und Russland 24% entfällt mehr als die Hälfte der weltweiten Waffenlieferungen - auf Platz drei folgt Deutschland mit neun Prozent - 29. August 2012: Jährliches Volumen des legalen internationalen Handels mit Kleinwaffen von mindestens 8,5 Milliarden Dollar

2013: 29 March 2013: Iran, North Korea and Syria block UN arms trade treaty - 2 April 2013: By a vote of 154 in favor, 3 against (Iran, North Korea and Syria) and 23 abstentions (Russia, China, India, Indonesia etc.), UN adopts landmark treaty to regulate multibillion-dollar global arms trade - 3 June 2013: More than 60 countries sign arms trade treaty on first day, but not China, Russia and the USA

2014: 14 April 2014: Military spending continues to fall in the West but rises in China, Russia and Saudi Arabia and everywhere else, SIPRI says - 1 May 2014: European countries have approved billions in transfers of weapons and military-ready technology to China, AFP investigation shows - 15 December 2014: Arms sales by Russian firms continue to expand despite a global downturn in defence spending, according to SIPRI - 24 December 2014: Global arms trade deal takes effect, ratified by 60 nations, but not by the USA, the world's top arms exporter

2015: 5 January 2015: 3D printing will revolutionize war and foreign policy not only by making possible incredible new designs but by turning the defense industry, IHS Technology, New America Foundation and BAE experts say - 16 March 2015: After Chinese arms sales surged 143% in 5 years, China now the world’s third-largest arms trader, the USA remains the first exporting 31% of global arms in 2010-2014 and Russia exported 27%, Sipri says - 13 April 2015: Arms spending up globally, except in USA and western Europe, as Russia’s neighbors, like Iran’s, boost defense budgets, SIPRI says - 6 October 2015: United Kingdom and USA are seeking to water down agreement over 'killer robots' (lethal autonomous weapons), so that any autonomous weapons deployed before United Nations's talks conclude will be beyond reach of ban, experts say - 8 décembre 2015: Les transferts irresponsables d'armes effectués vers l'Irak depuis des décennies sont à l'origine du redoutable arsenal utilisé par le groupe Etat islamique, provenant d'au moins 25 pays dont une bonne partie de Russie, selon un ONG rapport - 18 décembre 2015: Pour 2015, les budgets de défense en hausse dans le monde, les dépenses globales atteignent quelque 1650 milliards de dollars, selon un rapport

2016: 22 February 2016: Asia (India 14% of global arms imports, China 4.7%) and the Middle East (arms imports rose by 61% between 2006–10 and 2011–15) lead rise in arms imports, the USA (33%) and Russia (25%) remain largest arms exporters, says SIPRI - 25 février 2016: 51 sociétés de 20 pays (turques, indiennes, chinoises, brésiliennes, russes ou encore américaines) sont impliquées dans la fourniture des composants qui servent à fabriquer les bombes de l'Etat islamique, selon une étude commandée par l'UE - 3 avril 2016: L'utilisation d'armes interdites a atteint un niveau record depuis 2010 avec un pic entre 2014 et 2015, selon 'Handicap International' - 5 April 2016: World military expenditure totaled almost $ 7 trillion in 2015, according to SIPRI, an increase of 1% in real terms from 2014 also fueled by Mideast conflicts - 26 December 2016: USA and Obama administration increased weapons sales in 2015, maintaining its position as the world’s dominant supplier, as the sale of global arms dropped slightly to $80bn from 2014’s $89bn, according to a new USA congressional study

2017: 20 February 2017: Global arms trade reaches highest point since cold war era, as Middle East almost doubles weapons imports, as USA and Europe remain the main suppliers, as China joins top-tier exporters, as India was the world’s largest importer of major arms, and as arms imports by states in Asia and Oceania accounted for 43% of global imports in 2012–2016, according to SIPRI - 24 avril 2017: La Russie avec 69,2 milliards de dollars a repris en 2016 à l'Arabie saoudite, malgré la crise économique qu'elle traverse, la troisième place mondiale en matière de dépenses militaires, derrière les Etats-Unis et la Chine, selon SIPRI - 13 September 2017: North Korea singled out alongside Saudi Arabia and Iran as one of the world’s most secretive major exporters of small arms, including Kalashnikovs, rockets and machine guns, according to the Small Arms Survey Trade Update 2017 - 11 December 2017: Sales of arms and military services by the world’s largest arms-producing and military services companies totalled $374.8 billion in 2016, 1.9% higher compared with 2015 and representing an increase of 38% since 2002, according to SIPRI

2018: 12 March 2018: Global transfer of major weapons systems between 2013 and 2017 rose by 10% compared with the precedent period, as the USA, Russia, France, Germany, China and the UK remain the world's biggest weapons exporter, as India, which receives most of its arms from Russia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, UAE and China were the world’s top five importers, and as 'based on deals signed during the Obama administration, USA arms deliveries in 2013–17 reached their highest level since the late 1990s', according to SIPRI

2014/2015: 9 September 2014: Greenhouse gases in atmosphere reach all-time high - 6 May 2015: Concentrations of CO2 greenhouse gas in the atmosphere reached record global average in March 2015 - 9 novembre 2015: La teneur de l'atmosphère en gaz à effet de serre a atteint un nouveau pic en 2014, rapporte l'Organisation météorologique mondiale

June 2016: 13 June 2016: Carbon dioxide levels in atmosphere forecast to pass 400 parts per million in 2016

November 2017: 7 November 2017: Governments have drastically underestimated methane emissions from natural gas and will miss the Paris agreement’s goal of limiting global warming to 2C unless they urgently scale down its use, a major new study has found - 13 November 2017: Global 2% rise in CO2 'giant leap backwards'

November 2018: 22 November 2018: The main greenhouse gas emissions carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide driving climate change have all reached record levels, the UN’s meteorology experts have reported

December 2018: 5 December 2018: Global carbon emissions will jump to a record high in 2018, dashing hopes a plateau of recent years would be maintained, meaning emissions are heading in the opposite direction to the deep cuts urgently needed to fight climate change, say scientists

List of countries by air pollution - Countries ranked by air pollution

2015: 16 September 2015: More than 3 million people die prematurely each year from outdoor pollution and without action deaths will double by 2050, according to a study published in the journal Nature

2016: 12 May 2016: Outdoor air pollution has grown 8% globally in the past five years, with billions of people around the world now exposed to dangerous air, according to new data from more than 3,000 cities compiled by the WHO - 9 June 2016: Air pollution now major contributor to stroke and harm caused by air pollution to the lungs, heart and brain has been underestimated, global study finds

2017: 7 November 2017: Governments have drastically underestimated methane emissions from natural gas and will miss the Paris agreement’s goal of limiting global warming to 2C unless they urgently scale down its use, a major new study has found

May 2018: 1 May 2018: Pollution inequality between the world’s rich and poor is widening, according to the latest global data from the WHO which shows that 7 million people – mostly in developing nations – die every year from airborne contaminants

September 2018: 19 September 2018: EU probes German car makers including BMW, Daimler, Volkswagen and Audi for suspected collusion to cheat emission tests

October 2018: 14 octobre 2018: Enclavée entre les géants indien et chinois, le Bhoutan est le seul pays au monde au bilan carbone négatif, mais n'échappe pas aux conséquences du réchauffement climatique mondial - 27 October 2018: Over 90% of the world’s population suffers toxic air and research is increasingly revealing the profound impacts on the health of people, especially children, according to WHO's Dr Ghebreyesus, saying the simple act of breathing is killing 7 million people a year and harming billions more - 29 October 2018: Poisonous air is having a devastating impact on billions of children around the world, according to WHO report

2013 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Warsaw from 11 to 22 November - 19 novembre 2013: Le typhon Haiyan électrise la conférence climat de Varsovie

23 September 2014 Climate Summit at UN Headquarters in New York City - 21 September 2014: Scientists reveal ‘fair system’ for countries to tackle climate change urging rich nations to make biggest commitment and warning world leaders ahead of UN summit in New York - 22 September 2014: Poor nations’ climate change budget puts health and education funds at risk, according to ODI-led research - 22 September 2014: People rallied worldwide over climate change ahead of the climate-change summit hosted by Ban Ki-moon in New York - 2 November 2014: Time running out to reach 2°C warming target, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

December 2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Lima (Peru) - 27 November 2014: UN climate change deal must have legally binding targets, EU says - 11 December 2014: Time presses as climate talks head for penultimate day - 13 December: Lima climate summit extended as poor countries demand more from rich - 14 December 2014: UN members adopt a format for national pledges to cut greenhouse gases

November/December 2015 UN Climate Change Conference in Paris - 10 October 2015: Pledges by nations to cut carbon emissions will fall far short of those needed to prevent global temperatures rising by more than the crucial 2C by the end of the century, climate experts say - 25/26 November 2015: The year 2015 is shaping up to be the hottest on record according to the UN's weather agency, stressing that based on current voluntary pledges, Earth is on track for 3 C

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and 2015 Paris Climate Change Conference - 30 November 2015: The capitals of the world's two most populous nations China and India, Beijing and Delhi, were blanketed in hazardous, choking smog on Monday as climate change talks began in Paris, where China, the USA, the EU, India, Russia, Japan, Germany and Iran causing large proportion of pollution are participants - 30 November 2015: Participants in the UN climate summit in Paris on Monday observed a minute of silence during its opening for the victims of the 2015 Paris terror attacks, but will they also observe a minute of silence for the casualties of the repression of the Syrian democratic protests since 2011 and the victims of Assad's and Russian regime's daily terror attacks? - 30 November 2015: 'The terrible events that France experienced this tragic November are daily reality for Ukraine for almost 21 months, my country is suffering for the terrorism sponsored and promoted by the Russian Federation', Ukrainian president Poroshenko says in Paris

1 December 2015: Warm countries launch sun-energy alliance - 6 December: Cautious hopes as negotiators from 195 nations at UN conference agree draft climate change deal - 6 December: Small islands that bear the brunt of rising sea levels also face the greatest risk of diseases linked to a warmer planet, health leaders say, as 13 million medical professionals added to the calls for a global climate pact - 12 December: Final draft published as nearly 200 governments prepare to officially adopt climate change deal on how to cut carbon emissions post-2020 - 13 décembre: L'accord mondial sur le climat conclu samedi soir

6-17 November 2017 UN Climate Change Conference in Bonn, presided over by the Government of Fiji - Novembre 2017 Conférence de Bonn sur les changements climatiques13 November 2017: Global 2% rise in CO2 'giant leap backwards', according to scientists at UN climate talks - 15 November 2017: At Bonn summint governments have acknowledged for the first time that 'first peoples', indigenous communities and groups can play a leadership role in protecting forests and limiting global warming - 18 novembre 2017: À Bonn un accord pour évaluer les émissions en décembre 2018 à Katowice

2-14 December 2018 Katowice Climate Change Conference - 2 décembre 2018: La 24e Conférence de l'ONU sur le climat à Katowice, en pleine région houillère, avec en tête l'alerte rouge lancée récemment par les scientifiques du Giec, ouvre dimanche dans l'urgence climatique - 4 December 2018: School student Greta Thunberg accuses leading politicans of a world facing global warming and climate change of behaving like irresponsible children - 11/12 December 2018: Scientists urge action at UN climate talks, saying 'window is narrowing', as Vanuatu accuses the USA and other rich and developed countries of obstructing progress at the UN climate summit

Ocean acidification, ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere - Dead zones - Fish kill - Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas

2012: 12. Januar 2012: Erderwärmung gefährdet das Leben in den Ozeanen durch Ausdehnung sauerstoffloser und sauerstoffarmer Zonen - 25 November 2012: Marine snails in seas around Antarctica are being affected by ocean acidification, internatinal study says

2018: 4 January 2018: Areas starved of oxygen in open ocean and by coasts have soared in recent decades, risking dire consequences for marine life and humanity, scientists warn in a study

Wastewater - Sewage - Sewage treatment - Acid mine drainage - Blackwater is a form of pollution produced in coal preparation - Industrial wastewater treatment - Agricultural wastewater treatment

Groundwater pollution - Pesticide drift

2013: 10 to 12 April 2013 International Conference on Prevention and Management of Marine Litter in European Seas - 7th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology, Hong Kong, 17-21 June 2013

2014: 6 August 2014: The amount of mercury threatening marine life near the surface of many of the world’s oceans tripled as the result of polluting activities, study finds

2015: 16 May 2015: Shellfish species shrinking as rising carbon emissions hit marine life - 2 July 2015: New study warns of dangerous climate change risks to the Earth’s oceans, saying immediate efforts are needed to curb carbon pollution to minimize ocean ecosystem changes

Oil spill - Crude oil washing - Oil toxicity is a wildlife disease resulting from the accidental exposure of animals to oil - Oil pollution toxicity to marine fish

List of oil spills - Oil spills by country

Plastic particle water pollution - Great Pacific Garbage Patch

2014: 10 December 2014: Full scale of plastic in the world's oceans revealed for first time, as data of more than five trillion pieces of plastic, floating in the world’s oceans and causing damage throughout the food chain, found by new research

2015: 29 April 2015: Effective policies to reduce the amount of plastic ending up in the ocean are urgently needed, the first global study on the sources of microplastics and their impact on the environment concludes, but even if all releases of plastic to the environment ceased immediately, the microplastic problem would persist due to the continued fragmentation of plastic bags, bottles and other rubbish

2016: 2 June 2016: Fish are being killed, and prevented from reaching maturity, by the litter of plastic particles finding their way into the world’s oceans, new research has proved

2017: 19 July 2017: Plastic pollution risks 'near permanent contamination of natural environment', according to first global analysis by USA academics of all mass–produced plastics, finding that humans have produced 8.3bn tonnes since the 1950s with the majority ending up in landfill or oceans

2018: 31 May 2018: Plastic fragment found stuck in dead harp seal's stomach found washed up on Skye, as scientists say its appearance may be associated with global climate warming affecting sea ice cover - 3 juin 2018: Une baleine est morte après avoir ingurgité plus de 80 sacs en plastique dans le sud de la Thaïlande, un pays causant chaque année la mort de centaines de créatures marines

1899/1907: Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands - An der zweiten Konferenz 1907 waren 44 Staaten beteiligt, um eine internationale Rechtsordnung auszuarbeiten und Normen für friedliche Lösungen bei internationalen Streitfällen zu erreichen, konnten sich allerdings auf keine Abrüstungsschritte einigen und scheiterten bei der Einführung einer obligatorischen Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit an der deutschen Ablehnung, der sich auch Österreich-Ungarn, die Türkei und einige kleinere Staaten anschlossen

1917/1918: Wilson's 'Fourteen Points' is a blueprint for world peace elucidated in a January 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms by USA's President Woodrow Wilson, following the 'Decree On Peace', passed by the Second Congress of the Soviet of Workers', Soldiers', and Peasants' Deputies on the 8 November 1917

1919: 1919 'Paris Peace Conference' of the Allied victors, following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers, involving more than 32 countries and nationalities, creating the 'League of Nations', and deciding the five peace treaties with defeated enemies, including the Treaty of Versailles with Germany, the awarding of German and Ottoman overseas possessions as 'mandates', reparations imposed on Germany, and the drawing of new national boundaries (sometimes with plebiscites) to better reflect the forces of nationalism

1920-1946: 'League of Nations' (Société des Nations) intergovernmental organisation to maintain world peace, founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference that ended 1914-1918 World War I

1925: Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, in international armed conflicts signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925 - UNODA website: 36 Signatory States in 1925, in 2015 number of States Parties 138 - 1949 Geneva Conventions comprising four treaties and three additional protocols, establishing the standards of international law for the humanitarian treatment of war (1864, 1906, 1929, 1949)

1942: 1942 Declaration by the 'United Nations' agreed on 1 January was a World War II document during the Arcadia Conference by 26 governments, the Allies USA, the UK, the USSR, and China, nine other American countries in North and Central America and the Caribbean, the four British Dominions, British India, and eight Allied governments-in-exile

1943: October/November 1943 Moscow Conference between the major Allies of World War II, agreement to create a world organization, the European Advisory Commission

1944: August-October 1944 Dumbarton Oaks Conference (Washington Conversations on International Peace and Security Organization), an international conference at which the United Nations was formulated and negotiated among international leaders

1945: February 1945 Yalta Conference World War II meeting of the heads of government of the USA, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe - July/August 1945 Potsdam Conference and Potsdam Agreement

April-June 1945 Charter of the United Nations: United Nations Conference on International Organization of delegates from 50 Allied nations from 25 April 1945 to 26 June 1945 in San Francisco, reviewing and rewriting the Dumbarton Oaks agreements and resulting in the creation of the United Nations Charter, which was opened for signature on 26 June - 1945 'Charter of the United Nations' signed in San Francisco on 26 June by 50 of the 51 original member countries

2012: 29. März 2012: Für mehr Demokratie im Sicherheitsrat - Vorstoss der Schweiz und vier weiterer Staaten für eine Uno-Reform - 24 mai: Le Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU est "de plus en plus inadapté" - ONG accuse - 22. August: Sucht Ban Ki Moon mit seiner Iran-Reise Ende August das besorgte 'Fachgespräch' über Krebsgeschwüre und Chemotherapie? - 6. September 2012: Ban Ki Moon kritisiert den Sicherheitsrat der UN wegen Untätigkeit und Versagen im Syrien-Konflikt - 18 October 2012: Argentina, Australia, Luxembourg, Rwanda and South Korea won non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council

2013: 16 July 2013: Russia and China block UN condemnation of Iran missile tests and oppose finding Iran in clear violation of the UN ban on Iranian arms exports, council diplomats report

August 2013: 29 August: UN Security Council members meet for second day to discuss British resolution calling for military action after a first meeting on Wednesday ended with no agreement - 29./30. August: Nach zweieinhalb Jahren brutalen Kriegs Assads gegen die syrische Bevölkerung, die gewagt hatte, friedlich für Demokratie zu demonstrieren, zaubert ein bestens gelaunter Ban Ki Moon aus dem Hut, daß die Krise 'mit friedlichen Mitteln beigelegt werden' soll: 'Es ist wichtig, dass alle Meinungsverschiedenheiten auf friedliche Weise und durch Dialog gelöst werden' - 29/30 August: After imploring the world not to stand idly by over Assad's use of chemical weapons, Cameron was forced into a climbdown by the Labour party, failing to pass a motion by 285 to 272 votes in the parliament

September 2013: 6 September: USA ambassador to the UN Samantha Power challenges Russia for its obstruction in preventing the Security Council from taking a firmer hand in Syria’s Civil War, even after the chemical weapons attack on August 21st

December 2013: 13 December: UN confirms in a final report that chemical arms were used repeatedly in Syria - 14 December: UN's Ban Ki-moon deplored the use of chemical weapons in Syria demanding that those responsible are held accountable

January 2014: 9 January 2014: Russia blocked a British-drafted UN Security Council statement condemning the Assad regime attacks on the city of Aleppo and the use of missiles and barrel bombs, that killed hundreds of people - 20 January 2014: Hours after the SNC has decided to attend Switzerland peace conference, UN chief Ban Ki-moon invites Iran to take part in Switzerland, an offer Iran's regime accepts - 21 janvier: L'ONU a retiré son invitation à l'Iran à participer à la conférence de paix en Suisse sur la Syrie, l'opposition syrienne confirme sa présence

February 2014: 15 February 2014: After more than 140,000 people, over 7,000 of them children, killed in Assad's war against Syrians, UN says 'sorry' for Syria talks failure

March 2014: 2 March: Ukraine's UN ambassador asked an emergency session of the Security Council 'to do everything possible now' to stop Russian aggression as Russian troops took over Ukraine's Crimea - 15 March: Russia vetoes UN resolution declaring Crimea referendum invalid, but 13 other nations voted in favour and China abstained from voting isolating Putin regime

April 2014: 14 April: As UN Security Council meets over Ukraine and well-organised pro-Russian attackers using Russian-origin automatic weapons, Britain's UN ambassador says Russia had massed tens of thousands of well-equipped troops near the Ukrainian border in addition to the 25,000 troops it recently moved into Crimea to seize it - 18 April: UN inquiry chief Michael Kirby wants North Korea hauled before international court, but China and Russia snubbed the UN security council meeting - 24 April: UN's Ban Ki-moon demands Security Council action on Syria over denied demands for aid access - 25 April: UN Security Council asks for inquiry into South Sudan April 2014 Bentiu massacre

May 2014: 22 May 2014: Russia and China veto UN draft resolution calling for Assad's war in Syria to be referred to the ICC, ignoring support for the measure by 65 other countries and all other members of the security council

June 2014: 17 June: Russia again finds no support at UN Security Council for a resolution on the humanitarian situation in Ukraine - 26 June: UN council demands end to Syrian military action in the Golan Heights

July 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict: 10 July 2014: Hamas' rockets and Israel-Gaza conflict prompts emergency UN security council meeting - 10 July: During council's emergency meeting UN's Ban Ki-moon says ground offensive and 'all-out escalation' are preventable 'only if Hamas stops rocket firing', adding that Gaza cannot afford another all-out war - 11 July: Hamas urges Gazans not to show Israel where they are firing from - 12 July: Palestinian envoys and their supporters are discussing the text of a UN resolution urging truce, silent on rockets - 12 July: IDF footage reveals efforts to spare civilians in Gaza - 12/13 July: As UN council members urge to reach Gaza-Israel ceasefire, some foreign ministers to meet in Vienna today - 13 July: Hamas rejects Egyptian ceasefire proposal - 20 July 2014: 'United' Nations agency UNRWA handed 20 missiles found in Gaza school back to Hamas, not to International Criminal Court - 21 July: UN Security Council 'concerned' by growing Gaza conflict casualties - 28 July: After Israeli and PA criticism of John Kerrys handling of the Gaza crisis UN security council agrees on demand for Gaza cease-fire, but Hamas rocket fire continues - 30 July: In Israel, 79-year-old Holocaust survivor worries about her Gazan daughter

July 2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 shot down: 17 July 2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 shot down near Hrabove with a surface-to-air missile - 18 July: UN meets as world leaders call for global inquiry into the explosion of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 - 18 July: UN demands full MH17 inquiry but armed Russian separatists block access to crash site destroying all links to air atrocity - 19 July: Amid reports that pro-Russia separatists accused of shooting down MH17 flight remove corpses themselves and are looting credit cards and other possessions, Dutch PM Mark Rutte and more global politicians round on Vladimir Putin as separatists continue to block international inspectors attempting to identify and repatriate bodies - 20 July: As inspectors still denied access and anger mounts towards Russian regime, that is not yet ready to abandon separatists, UN considers resolution on Ukraine crash site access - 21 July: UN to vote on international access to MH17 crash site - 21 July: USA has evidence of Russia's involvement in terrorist attack against MH17 Boeing, John Kerry says - 22 July: After the passing of Australia’s UN resolution for a full investigation into the MH17 crash Australia and Netherlands join in pledge 'to bring our people home'

August 2014: 6 August: UN Security Council supports Ukraine, points to Russia as a source of military crisis - 8 August: UN Security Council urges governments to help Iraq cope with a humanitarian crisis sparked by a jihadist offensive that has left hundreds of thousands of Iraqis on the run - 15/16 August: UN security council votes unanimously to adopt a resolution to blacklist those who finance, recruit or supply weapons to Islamic State IS militants in Iraq and Syria amid reports of IS militants killing dozens of residents in besieged ethnic Yazidi areas and fears for thousands kidnapped women, men and even babies

September 2014: 18/19 September: Ebola outbreak a threat to world peace, says UN security council, as Sierra Leone launches controversial Ebola shutdown and the Guinean Ebola team deadly attacked by stone-throwing locals - 24 September: UN adopts resolution to crack down on flows of foreign terrorist fighters - 28 September 2014: World leaders demand Security Council reform - Reform of the UN Security Council

October 2014: 16 October 2014: Angola, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain and Venezuela to join UN Security Council with non-permanent seats - 24 October 2014: UN Security Council meeting due to situation Ukraine - 31 October 2014: UN Syria envoy urges action plan in embattled country

December 2014: 23 December 2014: UN Security Council has held its first-ever debate on North Korea's human rights abuses - 30 December: UN security council rejects resolution calling for an independent state of Palestine to be established within 1967 borders

January 2015: 6 January: Lithuania and UK to convene UN Security Council meeting in January on the situation in Ukraine - 14 January: The UN Security Council condemns the terrorist shelling of the passenger bus near Volnovakha in Donetsk region on Tuesday, killing 11 civilians and injuring 17 others, including women and children - 16 January: UN Security Council reportedly ready to hold meeting on Ukraine on January 21 - 21 January: UN Security Council condemns Yemen attack, voicing support for President Hadi - 25 January: Russia prevented the UN Security Council from criticizing aggressive statements by pro-Russian separatists in Ukraine and condemning their offensive against Mariupol killing dozens of civilians and wounding over one hundred - 26 January: UN Security Council condemns Japan hostage's murder by 'Islamic State' calling for the immediate release of a second hostage - 26 January: UN Security Council to urgently consider impact of terrorist attack in Mariupol - 27 January: A senior UN official told emergency Security Council meeting that the deadly rocket barrage on Mariupol came from pro-Russian controlled territory and sought to strike a civilian population - 28 January: Ahead of Security Council meeting, USA condemns Hezbollah’s attack on IDF, saying Israel has right to self-defense against Hezbollah - 29 January: UN Security Council condemns death of Spanish peacekeeper following Hezbollah’s attack on IDF and Israel's response - 29 January: Assad continues barrel bombing of civilians although a UN resolution calls for an end to the indiscriminate employment of weapons, UN's Kyung-wha Kang says during a briefing of the UN Security Council as Assad's war enters its fifth year

February 2015: 16 February: UNSC demands Iranian-backed Houthi militia in Yemen 'immediately and unconditionally' withdraw from government - 16 February: UN Security Council vote on resolution on conflict in east Ukraine postponed - 18 February: As Ukraine's president Poroshenko calls on UN Security Council to prevent full-scale war amid intensified attacks of Russian-backed militants in eastern Ukraine, UN Security Council adopts resolution 'welcoming' the declaration of Ukraine, France, Germany, and Russia, announced on February 12 in Minsk - 27 February: Following a proposal by EU's France and Germany to discuss the implementation of the Minsk Agreements and reports of the OSCE, the UN Security Council will hold an emergency meeting on the situation in Ukraine today - 27 February: Statement by OSCE ambassadors at the meeting on the situation in Ukraine

March 2015: 6 March: UN Security Council to vote on a resolution to condemn the use of chlorine as a weapon in Syria and threaten to take action if such arms are used again in the conflict - 7 March: Fourteen Security Council members, including Russia but not Venezuela, adopt a resolution condemning the use of chlorine as a weapon in Syria and 'threatening' to take action - that is another resolution in the event of non-compliance - if such arms are used again in the conflict, which is now in its fourth year - 18 March 2015: The Syrian Coalition sent a letter to the UN Security Council calling for punishing Assad under Chapter VII of UN Charter after regime's latest chlorine gas attack on Sarmin in rural Idlib on Monday - 19 March: Russia refuses to participate in UN Security Council meeting on Crimea - 20 March: UN Security Council meeting on Crimea stresses importance of monitoring human rights in Crimea and eastern Ukraine, Russia, China, Angola and Venezuela refused to participate - 21 March 2015: Russia to block UN mission in Donbas and will not vote in the UN Security Council on the draft resolution to deploy peacekeepers, regime's Lavrov says - 22 March 2015: UN Security Council to meet on Sunday on a request from embattled Yemeni President Hadi for an 'urgent intervention' - 23 March: UN backs Yemen's Hadi as Huthis seize key airport in Taez - 25 March 2015: Assad regime's helicopters drop barrel bombs loaded with chlorine gas on Binnish near Idlib, and conducted seven attacks using chlorine gas in less than 20 days since the adoption of UN Security Council resolution 2209 without any prosecution by UN Security Council, Syrian Coalition says - 27 March 2015: Following Syrian American Medical Society's report, UN has more than doubled its estimate of Syrians who are living in besieged areas — and risk death by starvation, dehydration and the lack of medical care — to roughly 440,000 - 27 March: Gulf states ask UN Security Council for arms embargo on Yemen's Shi'ite rebels

April 2015: 1 April: More than 25,000 foreign fighters from some 100 countries are linked to al-Qaida and Islamic State, with Syria and Iraq comprising a 'veritable international finishing school for extremists', UN experts reported to the Security Council - 3 April: UN Security Council members call to investigate the latest allegations of the use of chlorine as a chemical weapon in Syria - 7 April: UN Security Council demands aid access to Yarmouk Camp on the outskirts of Damascus - 10 April: UN vote as early as Friday on Yemen arms embargo - 11 April: Saudi-Arabia says UN could vote soon on Yemen sanctions resolution aiming to end the Houthis' attempt to take over the country - 14 April: In a resolution approved in a 14-0 vote without Russian support, UN Security Council imposes arms embargo on Houthi rebels in Yemen, also demanding all Yemeni factions to end violence and resume UN-brokered negotiations - 17 April: UN envoys hear doctors' accounts of Syria chemical attacks - 17 April: Assad attacks Idlib with chlorine gas as UN Security Council looks into evidence of previous chemical attacks - 21 April: UN Security Council demands aid access for Syria's Yarmouk camp

May 2015: 8 May 2015: A majority of UN Security Council members supports USA bid to lay blame in Assad regime's chlorine attacks as activists and a doctor report of new chemical attacks in Syria's northwestern province of Idlib - 13 May 2015: After evidence given by the CIJA, Syrian Coalition calls for holding an urgent UN Security Council meeting, saying that the international community and the members of the UN Security Council bear full responsibility of the catastrophic situation in Syria - 15 May 2015: After weeks of violence in Burundi, UN Security Council on Thursday 'condemned both those who facilitate violence of any kind against civilians and those who seek to seize power by unlawful means' - 28 May 2015: UN security council urges end to impunity for attacks on journalists

June 2015: 5 June: Today UN Security Council will hold an emergency meeting because of the deterioration of situation in the east of Ukraine - 5 June: 28 people including 9 civilians killed in recent Maryinka battle, as Russian-backed forces launched a new offensive near Donetsk, UN's Jeffrey Feltman reports at the UN Security Council - 19 June 2015: Over 70 countries demand that Assad regime stops deadly aerial attacks against the Syrian people, especially 'the systematic use of barrel bombs', as May 2015 seen as deadliest month yet in over four years of fighting, with hundreds killed by regime bombardment - 26 June: More than 80 international human rights and aid groups are urging the UN Security Council to take real, immediate action against Assad's continuing use of barrel bombs in Syria

July 2015: 8 July: UN Security Council vote on Srebrenica massacre delayed until Wednesday after Russian veto threat - 9 July: Russia blocks UN condemnation of Srebrenica as genocide - 10 July: In a letter to the Security Council, Syrian National Coalition calls attention to the grave situation in Zabadani, where inhabitants suffer under a joint offensive by Syrian regime force and foreign fighters from Hezbollah and calls to condemn in the strongest terms Hezbollah’s acts of aggression inside Syria - 11 July: Syrian Coalition's Marwa says that the USA’s circulation of a draft UN resolution that aims to establish an accountability mechanism for chemical weapons attacks in Syria is late - 20 July: Security Council adopts resolution 2231 on Iran’s nuclear programme - 21 July 2015: United Nations must be made fit for purpose, says UNDP head Helen Clark - 30 July: Russia's position on setting up an MH17 international criminal tribunal to prosecute those responsible isolates the country on the international stage, Ukrainian FM Pavlo Klimkin says, after the lone 'no' vote was cast by Russian regime

August 2015: 7/8 August 2015: UN Security Council votes unanimously to set up a panel to identify who is behind deadly chlorine gas attacks in Syria, which the West blames on Assad’s regime - 18 August: UN Security Council backs new Syria peace initiative as the death toll in Assad regime air strikes on Douma neighbourhood of Damascus nears 100, sparking global outrage - 19 August 2015: SNHR records 125 Assad regime breaches of UNSC resolution 2118, stating that 'in the event of non-compliance with this resolution, measures shall be imposed' - 19 August 2015: The Syrian Coalition calls for implementation of UN Security Council's resolutions to take immediate action in the besieged Douma district, urging the enforcement of resolution 2165 which calls for delivering humanitarian aid to besieged areas without the need for permission from the Assad regime - 22 August 2015: Israel’s Ambassador to the UN Ron Prosor calls for the UN to condemn Syrian-Iranian Thursday’s rocket fire on Israel, and not simply make do with a general statement, calling for both sides to 'exercise maximum restraint'

May 2016: 4 May 2016: UN Security Council condemnation of North Korea's latest missile tests has been delayed by Russian regime - 5 May: An an emergency meeting of the Security Council UN's Feltman calls for referring Syrian Assad regime to ICC, charging the regime with war crimes - 7 May 2016: Russia blocks UN statement on Syria airstrikes - 13 May 2016: UN Security Council expressed its outrage at recent attacks in Syria targeting civilians and medical facilities, stressing these actions may amount to war crimes, as the SNHR said that it had documented 23 massacres by regime and Russian forces, hundreds of barrel bomb attacks, that claimed the lives of hundreds of civilians, and the death of 26 detainees killed under torture in April - 14 May 2016: Assad regime and Russian forces stepped up airstrikes on rural Idlib, concentrated on populated areas and vital civilian facilities on Friday, killing 20 civilians and injuring at least 35 - 18 May 2016: The UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office accuses the Assad regime of directly violating UN Security Council Resolution 2268 by seizing medical aid bound to civilians trapped in the besieged areas and preventing the evacuation of those in urgent need for treatment - 29 May: The number of Syrians living under siege has grown by some 75,000 to total 592,700, underscoring the worsening plight of civilians in the five-year war, the UN aid chief Stephen O’Brien tells the Security Council, saying that the use of siege and starvation as a weapon of war was 'reprehensible' and 'must stop immediately'

June 2016: 1 June 2016: Hospitals are now normal targets of war, Médecins Sans Frontières' Michiel Hofman says, describing permanent members of the UN security council as complicit in killings, after Russia blamed for new strikes which targeted two hospitals and other parts of Idlib city, killing scores - 2 juin 2016: Le Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU a condamné les trois récents tirs manqués de missiles balistiques effectués par la Corée du Nord - 14 June: Saudi Arabia-backed Syrian High Negotiations Committee's Agha slams Russia's attempts to postpone political transition, saying that the UN Security Council resolution 2254 has been ignored by Russia and rejected by the Assad regime - 21 June 2016: After Russian jets on Monday bombed the towns of Huraytan, Hayyan, Anadan, Kafar Hamra, Maaret Alartiq, Urm Alqubra, Messibin, Babees and Anjara in rural Aleppo, reportedly using cluster munitions and killing at least 21 civilians and injuring dozens more, Syrian Coalition calls for UN action to stop Russia’s use of banned weapons in Syria - 24 June 2016: 12 civilians were killed and dozens more injured in Aleppo in airstrikes by Russian jets, using internationally banned weapons, most notably incendiary and cluster munitions - 24 June 2016: Saudi Arabia-backed HNC urges UN to protect Syrian civilians from Russian incendiary bombs, as UN's Stephen O’Brien says that the use of barrel bombs in the Syrian conflict 'constitutes indiscriminate attacks' against civilians, adding that their sole purpose is 'to terrorize and punish the civilian population'

July 2016: 11 juillet 2016: 'Le Conseil de sécurité s'est reposé sur la bonne volonté des dirigeants du Soudan du Sud' et 'a brandi des menaces vides d'embargo sur les armes et de sanctions individuelles' et a ainsi échoué à empêcher les violences dans la crise au Soudan du Sud, selon Human Rights Watch - 11 juillet 2016: Le Conseil de sécurité a sollicité dimanche l'aide des pays de la région pour mettre fin aux combats au Soudan du Sud et leur a demandé en particulier de fournir des Casques bleus supplémentaires à sa mission dans le pays - 16 July 2016: Syrian Coalition calls for emergency UNSC meeting to address Assad’s military escalation and the dangerous deteriorating situation on the ground in Syria in particular in Aleppo and Daraya

August 2016: 2 August 2016: One year after the UN security council adopted a resolution that set a 12 month-deadline to identify the perpetrators of chlorine attacks in Syria, dozens injured in a chemical attack using a gas cylinder laced with chlorine and targeting the town of Saraqeb in Idlib province, which is under opposition control, and near where a Russian helicopter was shot down on Monday - 2 August 2016: Syrian Coalition demands UN action under chapter VII following Assad regime chlorine attacks on Saraqib in Idlib province - 4 August 2016: Daraya local council calls on the United Nations to immediately enforce provisions set out in international resolutions pertaining to the situation in besieged areas, as Assad helicopters drop Napalm-filled barrels on Daraya and the humanitarian situation deteriorates - 8 August 2016: As Syria’s Assad regime and Russian regime are carrying out daily airstrikes, MSF's Silvia Dallatomasina demands an immediate end to attacks on hospitals, pointing that four out of five UN security council members were participants in the war in Syria, after hospital supported by Doctors Without Borders in rebel-held northern province of Idlib that specialized in pediatrics hit by series of airstrikes in broad daylight, leaving four staff and five children dead and injuring six other hospital staff members, and after UN said it had recorded 44 attacks on health facilities in Syria in July alone - 9 August 2016: UN Security Council warns Russia's proposed 'Safe Passages' are risky - 10 August 2016: Medical workers in Syrian liberated areas say that Russian and Assad regime air forces targeted around 36 medical facilities within the last 40 days in blatant violation of UN Security Council Resolution 2286 adopted on 3 May 2016, strongly condemning attacks on medical facilities and personnel - 10 August 2016: Alwaer residents appeal to UN as Assad regime tightens siege, violating UN resolutions - 12 August 2016: With 11 votes and four abstentions UN approves increase in peacekeeping force in South Sudan, as an additional 4,000 peacekeepers will be dispatched, making the total deployment 17,000 troops, that will be asked to take more 'proactive' measures to protect civilians - 16 August 2016: Over 100 barrel bombs hit Daraya in rural Damascus, some filled with napalm, as the local council callsd on the United Nations and international organizations to intervene immediately to stop the war crimes - 16 August 2016: Syrian Coalition's Bashar says that the UN has so far failed to enforce own resolutions passed on Syria, only offering flawed proposals - 17 August 2016: Assad regime and Russian terrorist air forces continue to brutally bomb Aleppo, Idlib and Daraya, killing over 400 civilians in the past week, using internationally banned weapons, most notably cluster bombs, vacuum bombs, napalm and barrel bombs - 18 August 2016: The injuring of five-year-old Omran Daqneesh 'is a daily fact of Russian and Syrian government airstrikes' and 'they take turns bombing civilians in Aleppo before the whole world', 'this child is a representative of millions of children in Syria and its cities', Aleppo-based journalist Mustafa al-Sarout says - UN World Humanitarian Day 19 August 2016 - 22 August 2016: 'I'm angry, very angry...this callous carnage that is Syria has long since moved from the cynical, to the sinful', UN's Stephen O'Brien tells the UN Security Council, adding that Aleppo is being bombed every day and has become 'the apex of horror' in 'the greatest crisis of our time', that 'you have the power with a pen - a simple pen stroke - to allow food to people' - 24 August 2016: Reports by independent human rights groups indicate that the Assad regime has used chemical weapons 136 times since the adoption of UN Security Council resolution 2118 on 27 September 2013, as Syrian Coalition calls upon the UN Security Council to re-open the file of the 2013 Ghouta Massacre and refer it to the ICC - 24 August 2016: International inquiry accuses Syrian Assad regime of using chemical weapons, setting the stage for a Security Council decision of the five veto-wielding powers over whether sanctions should be imposed, as the Syrian Coalition repeats its call for referring the chemical weapons dossier in Syria to the International Criminal Court - 26 August 2016: As Syrian Coalition's Nyrabiya urges UNSC to refer chemical attacks case to ICC, warning that blocking this move will encourage the culture of impunity prevalent in Syria and will give a green light to perpetrators to carry out more crimes using internationally banned weapons, USA permanent representative to the United Nations S. Power calls the use of chemicals 'a barbaric tool, repugnant to the conscience of mankind' and urges the UN to take 'strong and swift action' - 30 August: Syrian Coalition's letter to UN Secretary General on Assad regime’s use of the UN as a 'cover' for mass displacement aimed at bringing about a demographic change in Syria - 30/31 August 2016: Russian air force carried out dozens of airstrikes on Idlib city and its countryside, using internationally banned weapons, including napalm and white phosphorus

September 2016: 1 September 2016: Human Rights Watch calls on the UN Security Council to urgently impose sanctions on the Assad regime for chemical weapon attacks in Syria and refer the situation to the International Criminal Court - 3 September: Syrian Coalition sent a letter to the UN Secretary-General concerning the third report of the OPCW-UN Joint Investigative Mechanism on the use of chemical weapons in Syria, calling for action against Assad - 6 septembre: L'ONU condamne les tirs nord-coréens - 8 September 2016: As chemical weapons watchdog chief says Aleppo gas attack disturbing, the UN Security Council is due to discuss a report by the UN and the watchdog group OPCW, blaming Assad regime forces for previous toxic gas attacks - 16 September 2016: UN-led international inquiry has identified two Syrian Assad regime air force helicopter squadrons and two other military units it holds responsible for chlorine gas attacks on civilians - 17 September: UN Security Council cancels meeting on Syria - 18 September: USA ambassador to the UN Samantha Power describes Russia’s call for an emergency closed-door security council meeting over an incident, that possibly killed through an error Assad regime military personnel, a 'stunt' that was 'uniquely cynical and hypocritical' as Russia had for years blocked UN punitive measures against the Syrian Assad regime and its perpetrators for the barrel bombing of civilian populations in rebel-held cities - 19 September 2016: At least eight civilians were killed and dozens more injured in Assad regime barrel bombs attacks on the southern Daraa province - 20 September 2016: USA blames Russia after UN aid convoy in Syria targeted by air attack and UN official says 'inexplicable' attack could amount to a war crime if bombing which killed aid workers proved to be deliberate - 20 September 2016: Red Cross president says attack on UN and Red Crescent convoy delivering supplies is unacceptable violation of international law and UN suspends all aid convoy movements in Syria after airstrike - 20 September: The UN said 18 of the trucks were damaged or destroyed and insisted that the damage to them had been caused by airstrikes, as bystanders at the scene of the attacks reported multiple airstrikes, and airstrikes in the area are realized only by Russian and Assad warplanes - 21 September 2016: Russian planes dropped bombs that destroyed UN aid convoy and killed at least 20 people in opposition-controlled Urem al-Kubra in Syria, according to USA officials also saying two Russian Sukhoi SU-24 warplanes were in the sky above the aid convoy at the precise time it was struck - 21 September: Speaking at UN Security Council meeting on Syria, USA secretary of state John Kerry accuses the Syrian Assad regime of dropping barrel bombs on children and bombing hospitals, adding that the council members know that these are flagrant violations of international law - 24 September: Syrian Coalition condemns the barbaric onslaught launched by the Assad regime and Russian forces on Aleppo, slamming the inaction of the international community and its failure to stop heinous crimes in Syria, despite promises and condemnations repeated again, again and again - 25 September 2016: UN security council to meet on Syria amid intense bombardment, appearing to include extremely powerful 'bunker buster' bombs, by Assad and Russian forces that left dozens dead and nearly 2 million without water in the city of Aleppo - 25 September: Russia accused of war crimes in Syria at UN security council session, as the ambassadors from the USA, Britain and France walk out of the council chamber in protest against Assad regime's Ja’afari and the regime's war crimes - 27 September 2016: Syrian photographer code-named Caesar wins 2017 Nuremberg International Human Rights Award for exposing torture in Assad’s prisons - 28 september 2016: As Unicef counts 96 children killed and 223 injured since Friday, the two largest hospitals in besieged eastern Aleppo, which serve a quarter of a million civilians, bombed out of service by Russian and Assad regime airforces, in what doctors describe as a catastrophic campaign that is testing the conscience of the world, giving account that 'children ... are coming to us as body parts' - 28 September 2016: Condemning Russian and Assad regime's attacks on the two largest hospitals in eastern Aleppo as 'war crimes', UN's Ban Ki-moon says that 'those using ever more destructive weapons know exactly what they are doing' - 29 September 2016: Daily life in Aleppo will descend into hell within a month under air strikes from the regime and its Russian ally, civil defense official Meshal warns - 29 September: UN's Stephen O’Brien asks the Security Council 'whether there is any level of disaster and death that can be visited upon the Syrian people that might prompt the parties to this conflict, and by extension the international community, to identify a red line that will not be crossed', as the UN itself has come under intense scrutiny in recent months, with aid organisations, human rights groups and NGOs accusing it of being too close to the Assad regime without scruple and its accomplices to murder - 30 September 2016: Syrian Coalition’s legal committee submits a memorandum to the UN Security Council on the genocidal war the Assad regime as well as its Russian and Iranian allies wage on Aleppo

October 2016: 1 October 2016: Syrian Coalition’s Michel Kilo says that the international community must deter Russian aggression on Syria, warning that Russia is drawing the world to the precipice of chaos and mayhem and that Russia’s actions threaten the creation of the same conditions Hitler’s policies created and which led to the breakout of World War II - 8 October 2016: UN to vote on rival Syria resolutions and likely veto both - 9 October 2016: French foreign minister Ayrault compares Aleppo's likely fate to Guernica during the Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, Srebrenica during the Bosnian war and the Chechen capital Grozny destroyed by the Russian army in the mid-1990s, saying 'it is the annihilation of Aleppo', declaring that the continued bombing by Russian and Assad forces will leave the city in ruins, a place where citizens will be left to their 'executioners', as Russian regime vetoes French-drafted UN Resolution demanding immediate halt to Aleppo bombing, and a number of ambassadors walked out, including the representatives of Britain, France, Ukraine, the USA, when Assad regime's UN ambassador Ja'afari started speaking - 11 October 2016: UN's Ban Ki-moon on Monday again asked the Security Council to formally request that the International Criminal Court ICC begin investigations of war crimes in Syria - 12 October: At least 62 countries signed a letter calling on the UN Security Council to prevent further deaths resulting from a 'calculated campaign' by the Assad regime and its allies on Aleppo - 13 October: New Zealand circulated to the 15-member UN Security Council a draft resolution that would demand an end to all attacks that kill civilians in Syria, particularly air strikes in Aleppo, just days after Russia vetoed a similar text - 14 octobre 2016: Le Royaume-Uni va présenter un projet de résolution au Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU réclamant un cessez-le-feu immédiat au Yémen après le carnage perpétré dans la capitale Sanaa lors d'une cérémonie funéraire - 19 October 2016: Russian convoy of warships, including an aircraft carrier carrying fighter bombers, passes Britain on its way to Syria, monitored by governments and politicians, since nearly 6 years concerned about their discussion threads with brutal Russian, Iranian and Assad terrorists and not about the victims, where it is thought they will participate in a final assault on the besieged city of Aleppo, where children are coming as body parts to surviving doctors in out bombed hospitals - 21 October 2016: The Syrian Coalition and the Free Syrian Army say that the UN continues to ignore Russia’s crimes and its violations of international law in Syria - 22 October 2016: International inquiry has found Syrian Assad regime forces responsible for a third toxic gas attack in Qmenas in Idlib governorate on 16 March 2015, according to a fourth report submitted to the UN Security Council, after the third report by the inquiry in August blamed Assad for two chlorine attacks in Talmenes on 21 April 2014 and Sarmin on 16 March 2015, following Ghouta chemical attacks in August 2013 on opposition-controlled areas in the suburbs around Damascus using chemical agent sarin, and after in September 2013 the USA Senate filed a resolution to authorize use of military force against Assad's military in response, averted when the murderous regime accepted a USA–Russian negotiated deal to turn over 'every single bit' of its chemical weapons stockpiles for destruction, but has in reality encouraged Assad to escalate his war against the Syrian people, to invite the Russian regime and its murderous military to join Assad's terrorism and to annihilate the Syrian democracy and any opposition against dictatorship - 27 October 2016: UN humanitarian chief Stephen O’Brien calls the failure of the UN security council, and Russia in particular, to stop the bombing of eastern Aleppo and the mass killing of civilians 'our generation’s shame', as envoys from France,the UK and USA come to the UN’s defence against a Russian regime's envoy, who should not sit in New York but in The Hague's ICC for complicity, as Russian or Assad's warplanes in their recent terror attack kill at least 26 people, most of them schoolchildren, teachers and rescue workers, in Syria's Idlib - 27 October 2016: The USA directly accuses either Syria or Russia of being behind airstrikes that destroyed a school complex in Idlib province on Wednesday, as rescue workers describe details of the attack that levelled much of the area, killing almost 40 people, and as a doctor who treated many of the wounded says most of the dead were children aged six to 15 as well as female teachers, putting the number of injured at more than 100 and describing that many of the children who had arrived at the hospital had lost limbs - 28 October 2016: SOHR condemns the massacres committed by the Russian and Syrian warplanes against the Syrian citizens in Syria and in Idlib's Has, murdering in the recent school attack at least 37 civilians including 15 students, 4 teachers, 3 females, and a doctor, who died wounded after the aerial bombardment, as regime forces and allies are perpetuating their terror attacks on the towns of Safohin and al-Mozara in Idlib province and across the country, despite international condemnation, due to inactivity and complicity of some states, regimes and parties - 9 November 2016: As the Assad regime’s mass forced displacement operations, which amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity, Syrian Coalition's Mohammed Jojah criticizes the international community’s failure to take action against the regime’s policies, saying that apart from shy calls by some friendly countries to end the conflict, the international community has not yet assumed its responsibility to put an end to the crimes of the Assad regime and its allies - 16 November 2016: New report by human rights group SNHR claims Assad regime is responsible for the death of 188,729 civilians, over 90% of all victims from nearly six years of war in Syria, also saying that the responsibility for war crimes also moved just weeks after the outbreak of the popular uprising in Syria in 2011 to the international community, to take collective measures in accordance with Articles 41 and 42 of the UN charter, but did not lift a finger because of Russian and Chinese protection for the Syrian regime - 16 November 2016: Bringing the total number of hospitals targeted by Russian warplanes on Monday in Aleppo's countryside to three, Russian murderous air strikes are targeting and destroying the Baghdad hospital, killing and wounding dozens and burying others under the rubble, while civil defense forces are working to lift the rubble to save the survivors and remove the corpses - 16 November 2016: Canadian FM Stephane Dion welcomes Syrian opposition leader for talks as meetings are touching on ways to circumvent Russia's veto power at the UNSC in order to end the bloodshed of Syrian civilians - 18 November 2016: UN Security Council approved a one-year extension of an international inquiry to determine blame for chemical weapons attacks in Syria - 19 November 2016: Syrian Coalition’s Bassam Abdullah says that the international community has a political, legal and moral responsibility to force the Assad regime and Russia to stop the horrific massacres they are committing in Syria - 21 November 2016: The Council of Free Aleppo Governorate calls upon the UN and human rights organizations to assume their responsibilities towards the protection of civilians in Aleppo from the fierce bombing campaign by the Assad regime and Russia forces - 21 November 2016: Assad's military commanders were involved in 'killing and injuring civilians' since 2011 with assaults on schools, hospitals and homes, says USA ambassador to the UN Samantha Power, reading out names and the military units to a meeting of the UN security council - 22 November 2016: Israeli activists launch awareness campaign to express their solidarity with the civilians in the face of a military escalation being carried out by Russia, Assad and his allied militias, calling for communal prayers on Jewish holiday for the 'hundreds of Syrians who are dying daily in Syria, men, women and children, while the world is silent' - 22 November 2016: Aleppo siege is 'war of extermination', a doctor in eastern Aleppo says, who was wounded earlier this month in an airstrike, adding that 'everything is being exterminated with the collusion of the United Nations, they all see and hear, but they will not answer, and they cannot stop this war machine' - 28 November 2016: Syrian Coalition urges international action to end Assad regime's siege of Al-Tal saying threat must not be ignored as Assad regime has already proven willingness to commit crimes of unimaginable proportions to achieve its goals - 29 November 2016: France calls for UN Security Council meeting over Aleppo saying 'we need to urgently put in place means to end the hostilities and to allow humanitarian aid to get through unhindered', as terror group Hezbollah and allied Iranian militants announce huge victory - 30 November: Syrian Coalition's letter to UN and UN Security Council presses for stopping Assad’s and Russia’s onslaught on Aleppo

December 2016: 1 December 2016: While UN's Stephen O’Brien tells an emergency session of the UN security council that Aleppo becoming 'one giant graveyard', the recent offensive by Assad regime forces, by Russian air power, Iranian ground forces, militia fighters from Iran, Iraq and Lebanese terror group Hezbollah hasn’t just cost the opposition two-thirds of their held areas, but also displaced more than 20,000 civilians and killed hundreds - 1 December: UN tightens sanctions on North Korea after largest nuclear test yet - 2 December 2016: As the Russian and Assad regime onslaught on Aleppo continues causing an untold humanitarian catastrophe, over 220 civil society organizations from 45 countries have issued a declaration saying that the UN Security Council has 'failed to uphold its responsibility to protect the Syrian people' - 3 December 2016: Thousands of Syrians took to the streets in many towns and cities across Syria to denounce the war crimes being committed by the Assad regime and Russia as well as the Iranian-backed foreign militias in Aleppo, also chanting slogans denouncing 'the international silence' over such crimes - 5 December 2016: 38 civilians confirmed dead including 5 children and 6 persons from the same family including a woman, by Russian airstrikes targeting the city of Maara al-Nuaman in Syria's Idlib province, rising the number of murdered civilians by aerial bombardment to 73 today - 6 December 2016: Syrian opposition calls on international community to shoulder its responsibility to end the bombardment and slaughter in Syria, especially Aleppo, and actively seek to deliver humanitarian aid, as Aleppo medics convert basements into operation rooms to evade airstrikes - 6 December: Syrian Coalition's Ghadbian condemns Russia’s vetoing UN Security Council resolution, drafted by New Zealand, Spain and Egypt, calling for the imposition of a 7-day cease-fire in Aleppo so that humanitarian aid could reach the city’s besieged eastern neighborhoods - 7 December 2016: Assad regime warplanes carried out dozens of air raids using vacuum bombs on the towns and villages of the Idlib countryside, killing six civilians and wounding 15, some of them seriously, as schools in Idlib province have suspended teaching after the regime and Russia’s deadly aerial campaign killed around 70 people, including many children, over the past four days, and as in Aleppo dozens of corpses are still in the streets from Shaar neighborhood, because the ambulances and rescue teams are not able to pull the corpses due to the murderous Russian and Assad's military operations - 8 December: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Turkey issued a statement calling on the UN to hold an emergency special session of the General Assembly to end the Aleppo crisis, also condemning dealing with the Syrian crisis like it was an ordinary event, and critizising the international institution’s incapability to perform the tasks it was established for following World War II - 8 December 2016: Western diplomats have conceded that there are no technical obstacles to a plan to deliver airdrops of food and medicine to Aleppo using a GPS-guided parachute system, but the scheme has been stalled in the face of reluctance among military commanders and an absence of political will - 14 December 2016: 'Aleppo should represent the end of the quest for military victory, not the start of a broader military campaign in a country already ravaged beyond all recognition by five years of war', UN's Ban Ki-moon told an emergency meeting of the Security Council - 18 December: UN Security Council to vote Sunday on Aleppo observers, as thousands look to flee besieged areas of war-ravaged city, and as the Assad regime and Iran were trying to impose new conditions to the evacuation deal - 20 December: UN Security Council unanimously called for UN officials and others to observe the evacuation of people from eastern Aleppo and monitor the safety of civilians who remain in the rebel-held part of the city - 24 December 2016: Confusing the council with a delayed committee of the murderous Roman Empire, UN Security Council condemns Israeli settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, destroying the last remainder of UN's credibility, completely incapable to deal with proceeding war crimes against the Syrian people since 6 years - 24 December 2016: Rejecting UN Security Council's resolution which describes the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem and the Western Wall as occupied territory and condemns Israel's settlement policy, Israel's PM Netanyahu says with the necessary clarity, that 'half a million Syrians are being slaughtered in Syria, tens of thousands are butchered in Sudan, the Middle East is up in flames, yet the Obama administration and the UN Security Council choose to set upon the only democracy in the Middle East', but forgets to mention his own recent meetings with war criminal Putin in Moscow, also encouraging the Russians, Iranians and Hezbollah to commit more war crimes - 28 December 2016: Israel’s absence at the UN General Assembly on resolution A/71/L.48 to collect, consolidate, preserve and analyse evidence of violations of international humanitarian law and human rights violations and abuses in Syria since 2011, reportedly the result of 'a cynical deal' between Jerusalem and Moscow

January 2017: 2 January 2017: Syria clashes test fragile truce after UN Security Council approved a resolution supporting a Russian and Turkish initiative - 8/9 January 2017: Jerusalem terror attack by an Israeli Arab citizen, who rammed a truck deliberately into a group of Israeli soldiers disembarking from a bus in the Israeli settlement Armon Hanatziv Esplanade in Jerusalem, killing 4 and injuring 15, condemned by the UN Security Council, emphasizing 'need for those responsible for this reprehensible act of terrorism to be held accountable' - 9/10 January 2017: Syrian Coalition urges the UN Security Council to adopt a resolution calling for the immediate withdrawal of all foreign militias from Syria and to require all parties to stop supporting or providing political and legal cover for the actions of these militias, violating the ceasefire agreement - 10 January 2017: At least 271 people, including 25 women and 34 children, reportedly killed as a result of 399 ceasefire breaches by the Assad regime and Iranian-backed militias since 29 December - 13 January 2017: UNSC urged on Thursday to discuss accountability for chemical weapons attacks in Syria - 14 January 2017: For the first time in a report published Friday, joint international team of investigators for the UN and the OPCW determined that Syrian regime's Bashar Assad and his brother Maher are suspected of being tied to several chemical weapons attacks carried out in the country in 2014 and 2015, according to a document seen by Reuters, as an ICC spokesman says, that 'the only way that (the) ICC would have jurisdiction over the situation would be through a referral by the Security Council' - 19 January: Syrian Coalition urges Russia to adopt resolution under Chapter VII to hold truce violators accountable - 27 January 2017: UN officials urged the UN Security Council to do more to ensure the delivery of life-saving aid to civilians in the besieged areas, as nearly 700,000 people still under siege across Syria and as Assad regime continues to block aid - 31 janvier 2017: Le Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU se réunira en urgence après un tir de missile iranien

February 2017: 1 February 2017: UN Security Council's representatives, including Russian regime's, express grave concern about the dangerous deterioration of the situation in eastern Ukraine and its severe impact on the local civilian population, also calling for an immediate return to a ceasefire regime, as the Trilateral Contact Group's representatives, including Russian regime's, will meet in Minsk today - 8 February 2017: Syrian Coalition’s Muhammed Jojah renews calls to refer the situation in Syria to the International Criminal Court and to hold the Assad regime accountable for war crimes, especially after further evidence on the scale of torture and murder perpetrated by the regime against civilian detainees has emerged in a rights group's report in February - 8 February 2017: UN reportedly 'horrified' about Amnesty’s report on Saydnaya prison - 14 February 2017: The Assad regime forces conducted coordinated chemical attacks in opposition-controlled parts of Aleppo during the final month of the battle for the city, according to Human Rights Watch - 15 February 2017: France calls on UN Security Council to respond over the Assad regime’s use of chemical weapons in Syria with a resolution that would punish those responsible for repeated attacks - 20 February: Russia is breaking promise to investigate civilian casualties of airstrikes in Syria, Human Rights Watch says - 23 February 2017: Human Rights Watch's official Whitson confirms Assad regime responsible for Sarin attack on Eastern Ghouta in 2013 - 24 February 2017: UN Security Council is likely to vote next week on a draft resolution proposing some sanctions on the Assad regime over the use of chemical weapons, but Russia is almost certain to veto the symbolic measures proposed by Britain, France and the USA, including a ban on the sale of more helicopters and a travel ban on 11 Assad regime officials

March 2017: 1 March 2017: France, UK and USA want sanctions on Syria's Assad regime over chemical weapon use, but Russia and China veto UN resolution - 6 March 2017: Call made for emergency UN security council meeting after North Korea's missile launches on Monday shocked international community - 15 March 2017: Syrian Coalition calls for an emergency UN Security Council session to discuss the serious findings of the UN Independent Commission of Inquiry on Syria - 30 March 2017: Syrian Coalition slams Russia’s support for Assad as dozens killed in airstrikes in rural Idlib, saying that Russia, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, is responsible for maintaining international peace and security and is obliged to respect the Syrian people

April 2017: 1 April 2017: Airstrikes hit a hospital supported by medical aid group in Latamnah in Hama province last week, killing two people, with evidence chemical weapons were used, according to Medecins Sans Frontieres - 4 April 2017: At least 35 people have been killed in a suspected chemical attack on the rebel-held town of Khan Sheikhun in the central province of Idlib, according to SOHR - 5 April 2017: Syrian opposition blames international community for allowing conditions for further attacks on civilians after reported chemical attack in Khan Sheikhoun, demanding to hold the perpetrators of these crimes accountable and to take urgent action to protect civilians from the daily crimes committed against them since March 2011 - 5 April 2017: Warplanes thought to be Russian carried out heavy and concentrated airstrikes on rescue centers and medical facilities which were treating victims of the chemical attack in Khan Sheikhoun, Civil Defense in Idlib countryside says - 10/11 April 2017: Russian air force have intensified bombing raids on towns and villages in the provinces of Hama and Idlib in revenge attacks, causing dozens of civilian casualties and using internationally banned weapons - 12 April 2017: Using its veto power the eighth time to protect the Assad regime, Russian regime vetoed a UN draft resolution expressing the council’s full backing of OPCW's investigation and demanding the Assad regime's cooperation with the investigators of the sarin gas attack on Khan Sheikhun in Syria's Idlib province - 13 April 2017: USA intercepted communications between Syrian military and chemical weapons experts discussing plans for Khan Sheikhun poison gas attack in Idlib province, according to USA media, citing an intelligence official, as samples taken from the chemical weapons attack in Syria last week tested positive for the nerve agent sarin by British delegation to OPCW and as OPCW's investigators are already testing samples from Khan Sheikhun deadly poison gas attack - 14 April 2017: Asking 'how long can the UN endure the shame of chemical attacks on Syrian citizens?', France's and UK's foreign ministers urge the international community to 'go further' in punishing those responsible for the chemical weapons attack in Syria on 4 April 2017 - 19 April 2017: Considering the situation in the Ukrainian Crimea, occupied by Russia, and Donbas, Ukraine’s delegation has called on the UN Security Council members to pay special attention to the observance of human rights on the temporarily territories

June 2017: 3 June 2017: UN Security Council expanded targeted sanctions against North Korea after its repeated missile tests, adopting the first such resolution agreed by the USA and North Korea's only major ally China - 17 June 2017: Syrian Coalition's Riad Seif sends letter to UN, international organizations and 26 countries to urge action to stop the brutal onslaught being waged by the Assad regime and its allies on Daraa and surrounding towns and villages

July 2017: 5 July 2017: UN Security Council to hold emergency meeting on North Korea, after the regime had tested its first intercontinental ballistic missile, a new threat

August 2017: 5 August 2017: On the eve of Hiroshima Day and aimed at increasing economic pressure on North Korean regime to return to negotiations on its nuclear and missile programs, UN Security Council unanimously approved tough new sanctions against the regime including a ban on coal and other exports totaling more than $1 billion, a huge bite in its total exports, valued at $3 billion last year - 7 August 2017: Carla Del Ponte resigns from UN’s independent Commission of Inquiry on Syria, decrying Security Council inaction to hold criminals accountable in the war-battered country, saying 'for five years we’ve been running up against walls', 'the states in the Security Council don’t want justice' - 12 August 2017: Blaming Russia for blocking solution in Syria by using its repeated use of its veto power in the UN Security Council, Carla del Ponte held the council partly responsible for the continued tragedy in Syria as it has not yet put pressure on Putin regime - 14 August 2017: Enough evidence to convict Assad of war crimes, according to del Ponte, saying that 'the preparatory work has been done', but 'there is no prosecutor and no court' - 16 August 2017: UNSC discussed sending an instigative mission to determine responsibility for the April 4 sarin attack on the town of Khan Sheikhoun in rural Idlib, as rights group SNHR issued its 27th report on the use of chemical weapons in Syria - 22 August 2017: Two shipments of North Korean chemical weapons bound for Syria's Assad regime and part of a Damascus-Pyongyang arms deal have reportedly been intercepted by UN member states in the past six months, as activities between Assad and North Korean regime under investigation includes Scud missile programs and surface-to-air missiles systems - 30 August 2017: UN strongly condemns the latest ballistic missile launch by the North Korean regime, which flew over Japan, as well as the series of launches that took place on 25 August

September 2017: 3 September 2017: The international community including the UN security council should react quickly and firmly to North Korea’s latest nuclear test, democratic countries demand - 4 September 2017: At an emergency session the USA urged the UN Security Council to impose the 'strongest possible measures' against North Korea in response to its sixth and most powerful nuclear test - 6 septembre 2017: Des enquêteurs de l’ONU ont indiqué pour la première fois que le régime de Damas était responsable de l’attaque au gaz sarin sur la localité de Khan Cheikhoun le 4 avril en Syrie, qui avait fait 87 morts - 11 September 2017: UN security council unanimously agrees new North Korea sanctions including ban on the country’s textile exports and capping imports of crude oil, after USA watered down initial tougher version to avoid veto by China - 29 September 2017: The Syrian opposition calls on the UN to act urgently to stop war crimes being committed by Syrian and Russian air forces, as warplanes continue to bomb towns and villages in the liberated areas

October 2017: 24 October 2017: The international community, especially the UN Security Council, is obliged to shoulder its responsibilities to put an end to the ongoing suffering of civilians in eastern Ghouta, Syrian Coalition says - 24/25 October 2017: After UN war crimes investigators said last month they had evidence that Assad regime's air force was behind the nerve gas attack in Khan Sheikhun murdering more than 87 people, Russian regime's veto puts an end to Syria chemical weapons probe, as USA Ambassador says Moscow again siding 'with the dictators and terrorists who use these weapons', as 11 countries back extending the mandate, Bolivia joins Russia in voting against and China and Kazakhstan abstain from the vote - 26 October 2017: Head of Amnesty International’s UN office Sherine Tadros says that the 'routine abuse of the veto has become the equivalent of a green light for war crimes' and that 'UN Secretary General as well as Security Council members can no longer idly stand by' - 26/27 October 2017: Syria’s Assad forces are responsible for the deadly sarin gas attack on the rebel-held town of Khan Sheikhun that killed scores of people in April, UN expert panel’s report says, as USA reaffirms Assad’s rule must end

November 2017: 8 novembre 2017: La Russie, soutien de Damas, s'est à nouveau opposée aux Occidentaux sur l'implication du régime syrien dans des attaques chimiques, lors d'une réunion mardi à l'ONU sur le mandat des enquêteurs internationaux chargés d'en désigner les auteurs - 9 November 2017: Facing 'the largest famine the world has seen for many decades', according to the UN, following Iranian-backed Houthi militia's 2015 coup d'état, UN Security Council reiterates the need for the Houthis and the anti-Houthi coalition 'to provide full, safe, rapid and unhindered access for humanitarian supplies and UN personnel to the population of all affected governorates, including by air, land and sea' - 13 November 2017: Roundly rejecting Russian aspersions against the task force, Israel endorses a UN watchdog report on Assad regime’s use of chemical weapons, saying it 'unequivocally' proves Assad used poison gas and must therefore be punished by the international community - 17 November 2017: In response to Russia’s vetoing of the draft resolution calling for the extension of the mandate for the UN-OPCW investigation panel, Syrian Coalition’s Ahmad Ramadan says 'it is a disgraceful day in the history of humanity that the UN Security Council failed once again to redress thousands of victims of chemical weapons in Syria or hold war criminals accountable' - 18 novembre 2017: La Russie a opposé vendredi un deuxième veto en deux jours contre une résolution présentée devant le Conseil de sécurité, qui visait à renouveler de 30 jours le mandat de la commission d'enquête sur l'utilisation d'armes chimiques en Syrie, un message clair que Moscou n'accorde aucune importance aux victimes des attaques chimiques en Syrie, selon Mme Haley - 23 November 2017: After refusing to back extension of investigative mechanism that blamed Assad for April attack, Russian regime declares 'death' of body probing Syria chemical attacks, saying it will only discuss replacing expert panel, fearing itself investigation after Putin-Assad coalition committed war crimes in Syria, among others during aerial bombing campaign of opposition-controlled territory in Aleppo in 2016 - 29 November 2017: UN Security Council scheduled an emergency meeting for Wednesday afternoon at the request of Japan, South Korea and the USA following the launch of North Korean nuclear-capable intercontinental missile

December 2017: 1 December 2017: Remnants of four ballistic missiles fired into Saudi Arabia by Yemen's Houthi rebels from May to November 2017 appear to have been designed and manufactured by Iranian regime, despite regime denying it supplies Houthis, a confidential report by United Nations sanctions monitors said, bolstering a push by the USA to punish the Tehran government - 2 décembre 2017: Le Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU se réunira le 15 décembre pour évoquer le programme d'armement de la Corée du Nord, une autre réunion prévue le 11 décembre sera consacrée aux violations des droits de l'homme du régime de Pyongyang

15/23 December 2017: 15 décembre 2017: Autorisée par l’ONU, la Russie s’apprête à livrer des armes à la Centrafrique, malgré l’embargo imposé au pays depuis 2013 - 23 décembre 2017: La Russie a obtenu du Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU une exemption à l’embargo sur les armes imposé à la Centrafrique - Since 2014 Wagner Group, a Russian paramilitary organisation and Putin-linked military company, whose contractors take part in various conflicts, including operations in Assad's war against the Syrian people, in the War in Donbass against the Ukrainian people and since 2017/2018 in the Central African Republic

Since 18/19 December 2017: 18/19 December 2017: USA vetoes a UN Security Council draft resolution condemning the USA's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel’s capital, as Ambassador Haley defends USA's sovereignty and explains the honest and courageous recognition of reality, also noting that the USA has given more than $5 billion to the Palestinians since 1994, more than any other country, as Israel's PM Benjamin Netanyahu thanks the USA for vetoing the resolution, saying 'truth defeated lies' - 23 December 2017: UN Security Council slapped new sanctions on North Korean regime that will restrict oil supplies vital for its missile and nuclear programs, also ordering North Korean workers abroad back home and a crackdown on smuggling, after latest regime's ballistic missile launch - 23 December 2017: UN Security Council condemns this week’s ballistic missile attack by Iran-backed Houthis in Yemen against Saudi Arabia’s capital 'in the strongest possible terms', calling on Houthis to cease announced further attacks and urging implementation of arms embargo on group - 30 décembre 2017: Des navires russes ont fourni ces derniers mois des produits pétroliers à la Corée du Nord au moins à trois reprises en octobre et en novembre, en violation des dispositions adoptées à l'ONU - 31 December 2017: North Korean regime vows to press on with nuclear agenda as Russian regime denies trade violations

January 2018: 5 January 2018: After the USA asked the council to show support for anti-regime protesters, UN Security Council to meet on 2017/2018 Iranian protests - 5 January 2018: UN Security Council discusses deadly protests across Iran, told about rising poverty after the Iranian regime had spent $6 billion every year propping up the regime in Syria, as Iranian Nobel laureate Shirin Ebadi urges USA and the international community to support the nationwide protests in Iran with sanctions, but not economic measures that could hit the general population - 6 January 2018: During 2017 129 massacres were committed by Assad regime forces, 83 by the Russian forces, and 113 by the international coalition forces, according to SNHR, calling on the UN to refer the situation in Syria to the International Criminal Court and stop blocking the UN resolutions - 12 January 2018: Iran has violated a UN arms embargo by failing to block supplies to Yemen's Houthi rebels of ballistic missiles that were fired at Saudi Arabia, according to a UN experts' report - 19 January 2018: In the eighth year of Assad's Iranian-Russian backed war against the Syrian people, UN's Guterres renews calls for revival of Syria chemical weapons probe to punish those responsible, adding that the use of chemical weapons in Syria had challenged the 'global taboo' against these weapons of mass destruction - 23 January 2018: UN-Security Council discussed Turkey's aggression against Kurds in Syria and the worsening humanitarian crisis in the country, but did not condemn or demand an end to the Turkish military operation, as USA's ambassador Nikki Haley did not attend the meeting - 27 January 2018: UN's Antonio Guterres is again calling on the UN Security Council to refer Syria to the International Criminal Criminal Court, pointing to 'serious violations' including blocking aid deliveries and medical care to millions

February 2018: 2 February 2018: Between 2012 and 2017 North Korea has supplied weapons to Syria and Myanmar, according to a confidential report by independent UN monitors which also said Pyongyang's regime violated UN sanctions to earn nearly $200m in 2017 and ballistic missile and chemical weapons programmes may have benefited - 6 February 2018: The UN Security Council failed to adapt a resolution to stop such attacks or to adopt a draft resolution on the use of chemical weapons, as ferocious onslaught by the Assad regime forces and Iranian militias backed by the Russian air force continues to target civilians in many parts across Syria, and as UN's Panos Moumtzis says 'We can no longer stay silent', calling for a one-month ceasefire to ease an 'extreme situation' that 'we haven’t seen before' at any point during the war, which is soon to enter its eighth year - 9 February 2018: Damascus provincial council called upon the UN Security Council to take action to address the deteriorating humanitarian situation in the suburb of eastern Ghouta and put an end to the Assad regime's relentless bombardment of civilians - 9 February 2018: As many as 45 local non-government aid groups have issued a joint statement calling for an end to the systematic targeting of health facilities by the Assad regime forces and their allies - 9 February 2018: The suffering in Syria grows and the world turns away, the British 'Guardian' says, as the UN warns of unprecedented levels of suffering in the country that has already witnessed so many crimes and such desperation in 7 years, but as its calls for a ceasefire are ignored - 10 février 2018: Suède et Koweit tentent de faire examiner par le Conseil de sécurité une résolution visant une trêve d'un mois à des fins humanitaires, mais le régime russie, alliée du régime d'Assad, a de manière répétée bloqué toute initiative du Conseil qui viserait Assad - 13 February 2018: UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric says 'that we are witnessing (in Syria) some of the worst fighting of the entire conflict, with reports of hundreds of civilian deaths and injuries, massive displacement and the destruction of civilian infrastructure, including medical facilities' and that 'history will record failure to stop the fighting and will lay the blame on those responsible' - 14 February 2018: UN once again calls for Syria cease-fire, as UN's 'Deputy regional humanitarian coordinator for the Syria crisis' Rajasingham says it is 'very possible' - 16 February 2018: Amid military escalation by the Assad regime and its allies in many parts across Syria, described by the UN as the worst throughout the course of Assad's war in Syria, Sweden and Kuwait presented a revised draft UN Security Council resolution calling for a 30-day ceasefire, revised to obtain backing by Russian war criminals - 16 February 2018: Russia bombs seventh hospital in Syria in 2 weeks in the village of Hass in Idlib province - 21 February 2018: Fears and outrage over bloodshed in Syria, also described as a 'hell on earth' by the UN, but once again no action of the UN disabled by the Russian perpetrator (11 vetoes), China and others, as families in Ghouta take to basements in attempt to survive, and as Ghouta's desperate civilians say they've been abandoned to their fate with aid groups denied access to the devastated Syrian enclave - 23 February 2018: As Assad regime and Russian war criminals are destroying eastern Ghouta's healthcare, systematically targeting hospitals, and as Médecins Sans Frontières say 13 hospitals it supported had been destroyed or damaged in the past three days alone, Russian Putin regime blocks UN resolution on eastern Ghouta ceasefire - 23 February 2018: After 5 days of massacres which left about 2,550 civilian casualties and wounded, the escalation continues on the Eastern Ghouta by the Assad regime and its allies - 24 February 2018: Over 400 people killed and 1,000 injured as UNSC fails to stop carnage in Eastern Ghouta, according to UN, as SOHR reports about 520 civilian casualties and more than 2,500 wounded in the vicious attack on the Eastern Ghouta - 24 February 2018: Blocked by Russian perpetrators, UN Security Council once again delayed a vote on demanding a 30-day ceasefire in Syria to Saturday at noon, as USA's ambassador asks 'how many more people will die before the Security Council agrees to take up this vote', as Syrian Coalition calls for preventing Russian perpetrators from voting on Syria-related resolutions at UN Security Council, and as deaths mount in Syria - 24 February 2018: Syrian teenager tweeting the horror of life in Ghouta - 24 février 2018: Les bombes du régime syrien ont encore frappé la Ghouta orientale dans la nuit de vendredi à samedi, 21 civils sont morts - 24 February 2018: UN Security Council unanimously approved a resolution demanding a 30-day cease-fire across Syria 'without delay' to deliver humanitarian aid to millions and evacuate the critically ill and wounded, after many countries have been pressing for immediate UN action as deaths mount in an Assad bombing campaign in eastern Ghouta and as USA's Nikki Haley was sharply critical of Russian regime for delaying the vote, saying it cost lives - 25 February 2018: New regime strikes hit Eastern Ghouta on Sunday despite UN Security Council demand for a ceasefire, as residents doubt Security Council resolution will be implemented, while UN diplomats say it was 'watered down' to avoid Russia veto - 25 February 2018: Iranian and Syrian Assad regime will continue attacks on Damascus suburbs despite February 2018 UN resolution demanding a 30-day truce across Syria - 26 February 2018: The wording of UNSC resolution let Russia resume bombing within hours, sidelining the UN as a decision maker and setting up Putin and his military as ultimate arbiters of who gets fed, or killed - 27 February 2018: Russian regime ordered a daily five-hour 'humanitarian pause' in the besieged eastern Ghouta, effectively replacing UN security council resolution that had demanded a month-long ceasefire in the embattled region, replaced by a choice of forced displacement and decline or being killed in Russian-backed bombardment and siege - 27 February 2018: Russian Putin regime vetoed a British-drafted UN resolution that promised action against violations of a UN arms embargo on Yemen and pointed to a report by experts that cited Iran as a violator, as the vote was 11 in favor, Russia and Bolivia opposed, and China and Kazakhstan abstaining, as 17 million people in Yemen, 60% of the total population, are in need of food aid, of whom seven million are on the brink of famine - 28 February 2018: USA and three European allies condemned Iran, after the UN found Iranian regime had violated the arms embargo on Yemen by failing to block supplies of missiles and drones to Houthi rebels, but Russia vetoed British-drafted resolution

March 2018: 1 March 2018: Speaking at a monthly Security Council meeting devoted to the Syrian conflict, UN under secretary general for humanitarian affairs Mark Lowcock says there has been no access for humanitarian convoys, nor authorization by the regime to go into the besieged areas, nor medical evacuations, on the contrary, the bombings have continued, and deaths and wounded have mounted, since the Security Council resolution was passed - 5 March 2018: USA slams Russia, Iran over 'brutal’ assault on Syria’s Eastern Ghouta, accusing them of killing 'innocent civilians under the false auspices of counterterrorism operations', as shelter still withhold by the international community and homemade shelters are tombs for the living - 5 March 2018: Residents in the besieged Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta have begun using UN aid bags as shrouds for children killed in the devastating bombardment by the Assad regime to express their frustration over the organization's inaction - 9 mars 2018: 'Le Conseil de sécurité a échoué à l'égard du peuple syrien' en raison d'oppositions de la Russie, selon l'ambassadeur britannique adjoint à l'ONU Jonathan Allen - 10 March 2018: UN aid barely suffices 25% of eastern Ghouta residents as Syrian Coalition reiterates calls for implementation of UNSC resolution 2401 - 10 March 2018: Terrifying escalation in the death toll of the Eastern Ghouta raises it to about 1,100 civilian casualties, including 227 children and 154 women, killed by aerial, rocket and artillery shelling, more than half of them since UNSC resolution, and 4,378 wounded citizens, including hundreds of children and women - 12 March 2018: Following repeated violations by the Syrian regime of the previous ceasefire resolution passed a fortnight ago, the USA demands to end chemical attacks and 'inhuman suffering', as it proposes a new binding resolution imposing an immediate 30-day ceasefire in Eastern Ghouta and signals readiness to act unilaterally, as when it attacked airbase last year - 14 March 2018: The UK has called for an urgent meeting of the UN security council to update council members on the investigation into the 'Novichok' nerve agent attack in Salisbury - 15 March 2018: Describing a pattern of Russian regime's behavior and calling to take action, allies back UK at UN security council and condemn Russia, as the Russian regime, denying known facts and Russian chemist Vil Mirzayanov's evidence of novichok, claims that it never made or even researched novichok nerve agents, and laughs at the victims suggesting that the British government might have carried out the attack itself in an effort to 'tarnish' Russia ahead of the football World Cup this summer, as attacked people are fighting for their lives, once again also in British hospitals - 16 March 2018: Tens of Russian airstrikes target the southern section of the Eastern Ghouta leaving 10 casualties and tens of wounded in Saqba - 17 March 2018: Air strikes by Assad regime and Russian jets on Eastern Ghouta killed at least 30 civilians on Saturday, according to SOHR, as rights group slams seven years of 'catastrophic failure' of the international community in Syria - France and Britain urge UNSC to enforce resolution 2401, warning of massacres in eastern Ghouta - 17 March 2018: Doctors and civil leaders among signatories to open letter to the UN, demanding action to stop massacre by Russian-backed Assad forces - 20 March 2018: Syrian Coalition calls for sending urgent commission of inquiry to eastern Ghouta - 20 March 2018: At least 738 civilians, including 116 children killed by the Assad and Russian forces in eastern Ghouta since adoption of UN Security Council resolution 2401, according to SNHR and SOHR - 20 March 2018: Russian warplanes reportedly hit a school basement in eastern Ghouta, killing at least 15 children, as in New York the UN human rights chief was blocked from addressing the Security Council on the carnage in Syria - 22 March 2018: Syrian Coalition sends letter to UK urging action against use of chemical weapons stressing that the failure of the international community had encouraged the use of chemical weapons on both Syrian and British territory - 22 March 2018: UN High Commissioner for Human Rights al-Hussein calls on the UN Security Council to refer human rights violations being committed by the Assad regime and its allied militias in Syria to the International Criminal Court ICC - 22 March 2018: Syrian Coalition calls on international community to hold Russia and Assad regime accountable for their crimes - 26 March 2018: Syrian Coalition's Mohammed Yahya Maktabi said that the mass forced displacement taking place in the Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta is a 'war crime' as he condemned Russian’s major role in these crimes, adding that regime forces, the Iranian militias, and Russian air force are killing civilians, targeting popular markets, residential areas and public facilities and bombing hospitals, medical centers, and rescue workers - 26 March 2018: The UN has come under fire for sharing the coordinates of hospitals in the Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta with Russia, only for one of them to be bombed days later killing at least one patient by what medics suspected to be a 'bunker-buster' bomb, according to 'The Telegraph' - 26 March 2018: 871 civilians killed in eastern Ghouta since adoption of UN-security council resolution 2401, according to SNHR - 30 March 2018: The International community and the UN failed to solve humanitarian crises in Syria and other countries, outgoing UN Undersecretary General for Political Affairs Jeffrey Feltman said Friday - 31 March 2018: Despite fierce opposition by Israel and the USA, and requests to postpone the meeting until after the Passover holiday, the UN Security Council convenes during the Passover Seder to discuss the situation in Gaza and renewed deadly Gaza-Israel border clashes, as Israeli army says fatalities include Hamas gunmen trying to breach fence and warns of further escalation amid an already-disastrous humanitarian situation worsened after the West Bank-based Palestinian Authority refused to pay for Gaza’s electricity, in part to press it’s political rival Hamas to loosen control of the area

April 2018: 1 April 2018: USA blocks UN resolution condemning Israel for deaths in Gaza clashes, as Israeli military on Saturday night identified 10 of the 16 people reported killed during violent protests along the Gaza security fence as members of Palestinian terrorist groups, and published a list of their names and positions in the organizations, also saying it only shot at protesters charging Gaza border

United Nations General Assembly

Emergency special sessions of the General Assembly of the United Nations, under the resolution 377 A 'Uniting for peace' adopted by the General Assembly on 3 November 1950 an 'emergency special session' can be convened within 24 hours and shall be called if requested by the Security Council on the vote of any seven members, or by a majority of the Members of the United Nations because of lack of unanimity of the permanent UNSC members, fails to exercise its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security in any case where there appears to be a threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression

United Nations fact-finding missions

United Nations conferences

Science: Science - History of science - Scientific revolution - emergence of modern science during the early modern period

Since 1992 UN's Memory of the World Programme to safeguard the documentary heritage of humanity against collective amnesia, neglect, the ravages of time and climatic conditions, and willful and deliberate destruction - UN's Memory of the World Register by continent and country

Human rights museums - Since the ancient Western Asia (so-called near or middle East by colonial powers) and since the ancient Africa history of human rights

Slavery museums - Apartheid museums

Holocaust museums, documenting and remembering the genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe

Genocide museums

Museums by country

Education is the teaching or learning of knowledge, especially to develop the reasoning, judgement and skill required in adult life and professional occupations - History of education

Social movements: Social movements, Internet, World Wide Web

Journalism and media: News media and Journalism, the work and distribution of reports on the interaction of events, facts, ideas, and people that are the news of the day or a longer period

Freedom of the press, freedom of speech and freedom of information

Since 2012 Bellingcat website founded by the British citizen journalist Eliot Higgins, publishing the findings of citizen journalist investigations into war and the criminal underground, also publishing guides to their techniques and case studies, after in March 2012 Eliot Higgins started a blog demonstrating that the Syrian regime was using cluster munitions and chemical weapons - 'Bellingcat' website

Since 2010 Bureau of Investigative Journalism, a nonprofit news organisation based in London - 'Bureau of Investigative Journalism' website

Since 1997 International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, an independent Washington D.C.-based international network - 'International Consortium of Investigative Journalists' website

Since 1985 Reporters Without Borders, or Reporters Sans Frontières RSF, is an international non-profit, non-governmental organization that promotes and defends freedom of information and freedom of the press - 'Reporters Without Borders' website - The Press Freedom Index is an annual ranking of countries compiled and published by 'Reporters Without Borders' based upon the organisation's own assessment of the countries' press freedom records in the previous year

Citizen journalism is based upon public citizens 'playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing, and disseminating news and information' - Crowdsourcing

Collaborative journalism, a mode of journalism where multiple reporters or news organizations, without affiliation to a common parent organization, report on and contribute news items to a news story together, practiced by both professional and amateur reporters

Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing, and an investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report - Lists of investigative journalists by country

Democracy: Democracy - History of democracy - Election - Suffrage - State - Government

International law and international human rights law: International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations - International human rights law is primarily made up of treaties, agreements between sovereign states intended to have binding legal effect between the parties and designed to promote human rights on social, regional, and domestic levels - Sources of international law - Customary international law - Customary international humanitarian law - Crimes against humanity

Right to work - Right to food - Human right to water and sanitation - Environmental protection

September 2018: 23 septembre 2018: La quinzaine de femmes ministres des Affaires étrangères d'Afrique du Sud, d'Andorre, de la Bulgarie, de Canada, du Costa Rica, de Croatie, du Ghana, du Guatemala, d'Indonésie, du Kenya, de Namibie, de Norvège, du Panama, de Sainte-Lucie, de Suède et de l'Union européenne réunies vendredi et samedi à Montréal pour un premier sommet ont promis de se retrouver régulièrement pour faire prévaloir une 'perspective féminine' dans la politique internationale

October 2018: 5 October 2018: The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Congolese doctor Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad, a Yazidi former captive of the Islamic State terrorist group, for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict

Since 1938 Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe: Since 1938 Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe

Resistance during World War II: Resistance movements during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and propaganda, to hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns

February 2018: 22 février 2018: Le monde subit les conséquences effroyables de discours de haine qui menacent de normaliser la discrimination contre des groupes marginalisés, souligne l'ONG Amnesty International dans son rapport 2017/18 sur les droits humains dans le monde

April 2018: 19 April 2018: Paying homage to the hundreds of Jewish fighters who took up arms in the 1943 rebellion against the German forces that occupied Poland during World War II in the April-May Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Polish survivor of the Warsaw ghetto Marian Kalwary says 'I am terrified by the rebirth of fascism and nationalism and I can see nationalism being glorified and put on a pedestal as something noble'

Economic sanctions: Economic sanctions

Current sanctions and arms embargo by targeted regime and country: Current sanctions by targeted regime and country - Arms embargo

1977 UN Security Council Resolution 418: 1977 UN Security Council Resolution 418 and sanctions against apartheid

1999 UN Security Council Resolution 1267: 1999 UN Security Council Resolution 1267 and sanctions against all Al-Qaida-terrorists and Taliban-associated individuals

Economic sanctions against Myanmar (Burma): Economic sanctions against Myanmar's regime (Burma)

Arms embargo on China: Arms embargo on Chinese regime

November 2018: 13 November 2018: After the USA announced reinstatement of sanctions earlier this month to force Iranian regime to curb its nuclear and missile programs as well as its support for proxy forces in Yemen, Syria, Lebanon and others in the Middle East, the USA will step up enforcement of sanctions as Tehran tries to find ways to evade the restrictions in oil trade and in banking

List of environmental organizations: List of environmental organizations, international and by country

Since 1969 Greenpeace: Since 1969 Greenpeace, a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over 39 countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam

Since 1969 Friends of the Earth: Since 1969 Friends of the Earth International, an international network of environmental organizations in 74 countries

Since 1984 Environmental Investigation Agency: Since 1984 Environmental Investigation Agency - EIA is working with civil society collecting information, deeply entrenched in research and data analysis, and at international negotiating platforms poised to propose solutions that work to protect threatened wildlife, forests, and our global climate, according to its website

Since 1993 Global Witness: Since 1993 Global Witness, an international NGO that works to break the links between natural resource exploitation, conflict, poverty, corruption, and human rights abuses worldwide - Global Witness exposes the hidden links between demand for natural resources, corruption, armed conflict and environmental destruction, according to its website