2012/2013: 9. April 2012: Laut ILO (International Labour Organization) wächst die Arbeitslosigkeit weltweit - 30 April 2012: ILO warns global employment situation is 'alarming' - 22 May 2012: Youth unemployment rising, ILO report warns - 22 January 2013: World unemployment figures set to rise in 2013, claims UN labour agency

2015: 13 October 2015: Global inequality is growing, with half the world’s wealth now in the hands of just 1% of the population, according to a new report

2016: 19 January 2016: Unemployment worldwide will rise by about 2.3 million this year to 199.4 million, making existing jobs vulnerable and fuelling potential social unrest as the global economy slows, an International Labour Organization's report warns - April 2016 'Panama Papers', period of release 1970s–2016

2018: 2 June 2018: Citizenship for sale, how tycoons can go shopping for a new passport

Wage labour - Wage slavery refers to a social relation where a person's livelihood depends on wages or a salary, especially when the dependence is total and immediate

2014/2015: 27 May 2014: Half of developing world's workers trapped in vulnerable jobs, says ILO - 24 July 2014: More than 2.2 billion people are 'poor or near-poor', amid financial crises, natural disasters, soaring food prices and violent conflicts, UNDP's report says - 19 mai 2015: Une étude de l'Organisation internationale du travail indique que seulement un quart des travailleurs à travers le monde a un emploi stable - 13 October 2015: Global inequality is growing, with half the world’s wealth now in the hands of just 1% of the population, according to a new report

2016: 18 January 2016: The vast and growing gap between rich and poor has been laid bare in a new report showing that the 62 richest billionaires own as much wealth as the poorer half of the world’s population, as a global network of tax havens further enables the richest individuals to hide $7.6 trillion, according to Oxfam - 19 January 2016: Unemployment worldwide will rise by about 2.3 million this year to 199.4 million, making existing jobs vulnerable and fuelling potential social unrest as the global economy slows, an International Labour Organization's report warns

2017: 6 April 2017: The risk of human rights tainted tungsten, tin, tantalum and gold (3TG) entering the supply chains of tech firms is extending well beyond the traditional home of 'conflict minerals', DR Congo and the Great Lakes Region of Africa, according to new research from risk analysis firm Verisk Maplecroft - 7 April 2017: Tech companies must do more to avoid using minerals tainted by rights abuses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Colombia, Peru, Myanmar and elsewhere, according to Verisk Maplecroft

2015: 19 January 2015: The gap between the richest people and the majority of the world's population is widening fast as wealth accumulated by the richest one percent will exceed that of the other 99 percent in 2016, British Oxfam charity says

2016: 18 January 2016: The vast and growing gap between rich and poor has been laid bare in a new Oxfam report showing that the 62 richest billionaires own as much wealth as the poorer half of the world’s population, as the wealth of the poorest 50% dropped by 41% between 2010 and 2015, despite an increase in the global population of 400m

2017: 16 January 2017: The world’s eight richest billionaires control the same wealth between them as the poorest half of the globe’s population, Oxfam says blaming rising inequality on aggressive wage restraint, tax dodging and the squeezing of producers by companies, adding that businesses were too focused on delivering ever-higher returns to wealthy owners and top executives - 28 septembre 2017: Les grosses fortunes ont proliféré dans le monde en 2016, selon Capgemini - 14 décembre 2017: Europe, Afrique, Asie ou continent américain, 'les inégalités ont augmenté dans presque toutes les régions du monde', assure un 'rapport sur les inégalités mondiales', qui compare de façon inédite la répartition des richesses au niveau mondial et son évolution depuis près de quatre décennies

2018: 22 January 2018: The world’s richest one percent raked in 82% of the wealth created last year while the poorest half of the population received none, according to Oxfam report, calling for action to tackle the growing gap between rich and poor, as report shows that 42 people hold as much wealth as the 3.7 billion who make up the poorest half of the world’s population - 7 April 2018: The world’s richest 1% are on course to control as much as two-thirds of the world’s wealth by 2030, according to an alarming projection produced by the House of Commons library that has lead to a cross-party call for action

2015-2017: 2015 Global Hunger Index map and scores by country - 2017 Global Hunger Index - global, regional and national trends

2016: 5 June 2016: Drought drives global rise in hunger, as millions of people are suffering the impact of severe drought across three continents

2017: 11 March 2017: The world faces the largest humanitarian crisis since 1945 with more than 20 million people in countries in Africa and the Middle East facing starvation and famine, UN official says - 15 September 2017: World hunger rising for first time this century, sparking concern that conflict and climate change could be reversing years of progress, according to the state of food insecurity and nutrition in 2017, a report produced by five UN agencies

2018: 22 mars 2018: L'intensification des conflits et la sécheresse persistante dans plusieurs régions du monde ont fait grimper à 124 millions le nombre de personnes jugées à la merci d'une famine à la fin 2017, une augmentation de 15% comparé à l'année précédente, selon UE, FAO et PAM

October 2013: 30 October 2013: Assad regime's 'starvation until submission campaign', blocking food and medicine from entering and people from leaving besieged areas of Syria, causing starvation and death, according to residents and medical staff

March 2014: 10 March 2014: Assad's army has been using starvation as a 'weapon of war' in its siege of the Yarmuk Palestinian refugee camp on the outskirts of Damascus, according rights group, saying nearly 200 people have died since an army siege was tightened in July 2013 and access to food and medicine cut

Since 2015: Use of starvation as weapon during Assad's war against the Syrian people, since 2015 in Madaya

January 2016: 7/8 January 2016: Siege and starvation in Madaya, immediate medical evacuations and medical resupply essential to save lives

November 2017: 24 November 2017: Children starve in siege of Syria's former breadbasket Rif Damashq province, as the siege by Assad forces of eastern Ghouta, which also suffered in the deadly 2013 sarin gas attack, has continued for years with conditions getting steadily worse

Since 2016 in Yemen: Since 2016 Famine in Yemen

October 2016: 4 October 2016: Yemen famine feared as starving children fight for lives in hospital

November 2017: 16 November 2017: International aid group 'Save the Children' says an estimated 130 children or more die every day in war-torn Yemen from extreme hunger and disease

September 2018: 19 September 2018: More than five million children are at risk of famine in Yemen as the ongoing war causes food and fuel prices to soar across the country, according to charity 'Save the Children'

October 2018: 15 October 2018: Yemen on brink of 'world's worst famine in 100 years' if war triggered by Iranian-backed Houthis continues, as UN warns that famine could overwhelm country in next three months, with 13 million people at risk of starvation

October 2017 D.R of Congo: 29 October 2017: Millions face starvation in the D.R. of Congo, UN warns

September 2018: 10 September 2018: Starvation being used as a weapon of war has become the new normal, according to Save the Children, saying that more than half a million infants in conflict zones could die of malnutrition by the end of the year if they do not receive treatment

2015: 5 June 2015: Women worldwide are the backbone of healthcare with few rewards for $3tn contribution, report says - 9 September 2015: Women’s economic opportunities and working rights still widely subject to restrictive legislation in 155 countries, having at least one law that limits women’s economic opportunities, while 100 states put restrictions on the types of jobs women can do and 18 allow husbands to dictate whether their wives can work at all, World Bank report says

March 2018: 9 March 2018: International Women's Day was celebrated across the world on Wednesday at a time when the women of the Eastern Ghouta are hiding in the cellars with their children to escape a brutal campaign waged by the Russian and Iranian-backed Syrian regime on the area

Violence against women - Causes of sexual violence - Violence against women by country - International rape statistics - Domestic violence - Honor killing - Refugee women and children

2013/2014: 20 june 2013: More than one woman in three around the globe is a victim of domestic violence, the WHO says - 10 June 2014: A four-day summit on sexual violence in war is to begin in London - 30 October: UN's Ban Ki-moon backs Guardian’s global media campaign against FGM

2016: 5 February 2016: On the eve of the international day of zero tolerance for FGM, UN says that at least 200 million girls and women alive today have undergone some form of FGM, as the countries with the highest prevalence are Somalia 98%, Guinea 97% and Djibouti 93%

2016: 8 March 2016: Syrian Coalition's Suheir al-Atassi says Syrian women have been going through unspeakable suffering, whether due to displacement, loss of loved ones, detention, sexual violence, and death by starvation or under torture or in bombardment by the Assad regime

2018: 28 June 2018: India is the world’s most dangerous country for women due to the high risk of sexual violence and being forced into slave labour, according to a Thomson Reuters Foundation survey of 548 experts, ranking Afghanistan and Syria second and third, followed by Somalia and Saudi Arabia and the the USA the only western nation in the top 10

Infant mortality - List of countries by infant mortality rate - Child mortality

Child labour and poverty: Child labour - Child labour by country - - List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor - Child labour law

Child poverty

2014: 28 October 2014: Child poverty has increased in 23 countries in the developed world since the start of the global recession in 2008, Unicef says

2017: 19 September 2017: The ILO have released a companion estimate of child labour, which confirms that about 152 million children, aged between 5 and 17, were subject to child labour in 2016

Child slavery: Child slavery

Child abduction, laundering and trafficking of children: International child abduction - Child laundering - Trafficking of children

Crimes and violence against children and military use: Crimes and violence against children - Military use of children

2014: 5 September 2014: No country immune from violence against children that is tolerated and even accepted as normal in many parts of the world, Unicef report says - 21 October 2014: One child dies every five minutes as a result of violence, but only a minority die in war zones, Unicef report says

2016: 28 juillet 2016: En Syrie, en Irak et au Nigéria, des milliers d'enfants sont torturés et détenus sous couvert de lutte contre le terrorisme, selon Human Rights Watch - 8 September 2016: As chemical weapons watchdog chief says Aleppo gas attack disturbing, the UN Security Council is due to discuss a report by the UN and the watchdog group OPCW, blaming Assad regime forces for previous toxic gas attacks

March 2017: 6 March 2017: Children in Syria are suffering from 'toxic stress', a severe form of psychological trauma that can cause life-long damage, as 5.8 million of the country’s children are in need of aid in Assad's war against the Syrian people since 2011, according to a study of 'Save the Children' and its partner agencies in Syria

October 2017: 5 October 2017: Millions of children caught in conflict, victims and targets of despicable harm, as children from countries such as Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Somalia, South Sudan, Syria and Yemen, suffer an unacceptable level of violations by parties to conflict, according to UN's 2016 Annual Report on Children and Armed Conflict - 1 novembre 2017: Trois quarts des enfants âgés entre 2 et 4 ans, environ 300 millions de filles et de garçons dans le monde sont victimes de violences domestiques, selon Unicef

December 2017: 28 December 2017: Children caught in war zones are increasingly being used as weapons of war, recruited to fight, forced to act as suicide bombers, and used as human shields, according to Unicef, summarising 2017 as a brutal year for children caught in conflict and stating that parties to conflicts were blatantly disregarding international humanitarian law

August 2018: 8 August 2018: SNHR said in a report that there were 4,360 incidents of attacks hitting 1,356 schools in Syria since 2011, which caused about half of them to go out of service, documenting the deaths of 528 civilians as a result of attacks on schools and educational institutions, as the Assad regime attacked 996 schools, the Russian forces are responsible for attacking 169 schools and the international coalition forces are responsible for attaching 87 schools

Child abuse: Child abuse

School corporal punishment and corporal punishment in the home: School corporal punishment - Corporal punishment in the home

Street children and orphanages: Street children is a term for children experiencing homelessness who are living on the streets of a city, town, or village - Orphanage, a residential institution devoted to the care of children whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to care for them

Child marriage: Child marriage - Child marriage by region and country

2017: 11 October 2017: Early marriage not only deprives girls of education and opportunities, but also increases the risk of death or serious childbirth injuries, as at least 20,000 girls around the world are married off illegally each day, with child marriage often deeply rooted in tradition despite being outlawed in a growing number of countries, according to new analysis

2016: 14 March 2016: No place for children - the impact of five years of war on Syria's children and their childhoods, Unicef report - 7 September 2016: Child refugee figures have jumped by 75% in five years and children now make up more than half of the world’s refugees, Unicef says calling for urgent action to protect the 50 million child migrants worldwide

September 2018: 2 September 2018: 'Home – Drawings by Syrian Children' is a book filled with the truest international language that we big people need to listen to closely and seriously, documenting journeys of escape, fleeing unimaginable horror, murderous men and the end of their homeland

Since 1914-1918: First World War 1914-1918, caused by the German Empire and Austria-Hungary, uprooted millions of European civilians who were made refugees either by enemy occupation or by the state’s forcible deportation, the resulting crisis had profound consequences, not only for the individuals directly affected but also for officials and relief workers who attempted to relieve their suffering and for communities that hosted refugees and not ending in 1918

1933-1945: Between Germany's NSDAP rise to power in 1933 and Germany's surrender in 1945, more than 340,000 Jews emigrated from their country, but after Germany annexed Austria in March 1938 and particularly after the German November pogroms 1938 nations in western Europe and the Americas feared an influx of refugees, placing limits on immigration and often turning back desperate people - MS St. Louis German ocean liner trying to find homes for 908 Jewish refugees from Germany in 1939, but after denied entry to Cuba, Canada, and the USA, the refugees were finally accepted in various European countries, and historians have estimated that approximately a quarter of them died in German death camps during World War II - 'Exodus 1947' was a ship that carried 4,515 Jewish emigrants from France to British Mandatory Palestine in July 1947, mostly Holocaust survivors, but the British Royal Navy seized the ship in a battle and deported all its passengers back to Europe and Germany detaining refugees in camps likened to German concentration camps

1942: 18 April 2017: Allies of World War II Soviet Union, United Kingdom and USA, that together opposed the Axis powers' aggression and war crimes, knew of Holocaust in 1942, 2 years before previously assumed, UN documents prove, shedding damning light on refusal to take in refugees - The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945, and in which Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma, ethnic Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, as well as political opponents, 'incurably sick', homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses

Since 1945: During World War II, NSDAP ruled Germany deported between seven and nine million Europeans, mostly to Germany and after Germany's surrender in May 1945, the Allies repatriated to their home countries more than six million displaced persons, but most Jewish survivors, who had survived concentration camps or had been in hiding, were unable or unwilling to return to eastern Europe because of postwar antisemitism and the destruction of their communities during the Holocaust

Following World War II and since 1950s: Since 1950s refugee crises in Africa, in the Americas, in Asia, in Europe, in the Near and Middle East - List of UNHCR registered refugees by country/territory of origin between 2006 and 2014

2016/2017: 22 May 2017: Extent of the hidden crises, that forced 31 million people to flee within their countries in 2016, revealed by Norwegian Refugee Council report

June 2018: 19 June 2018: Record 68.5 million people fleeing war or persecution worldwide, including 25.4 million refugees, 40 million internally displaced and 3.1 million asylum seekers, as UNHCR sees five countries accounting for two-thirds of all refugees including Syria (6.3 million), Afghanistan (2.6 million), South Sudan (2.4 million), Myanmar (1.2 million) and Somalia (986,400)

Since 1948: Since 1948 Palestinian refugees - Palestinian diaspora - Palestinian refugee camps were established after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War to accommodate the Palestinian refugees who fled or were expelled during the 1948 Palestinian exodus

Causes of refugee crises include war and civil war, human rights violations, environment and climate crises, economic hardship - 2008-2016 list of refugees and total population of concern by UN region, including 21,288,728 people in Africa in 2016, 31,168,078 people in Asia in 2016, 8,061,269 people in Latin America in 2016, and 6,210,994 people in Europe in 2016 - Migrant motives in the European refugee and migrant crisis since 2014/2015 - primarily credited to the inundation of refugees due to political and social conflicts in regions such as Syria, the greatest number of refugees fleeing to Europe originate from Syria - 5,645,518 total registered Syrian refugees on 7 June 2018

Arms industry, budgets, exports etc. - History of weapons - Weapons by country - Since 19th/20th century development of modern physics and chemistry linked with industrial revolution and history of technology - History of military technology and world wars - Modern military technology

Outline of war - List of ongoing armed conflicts - Causes of war - War, history of war and types of war - Lists of wars by date - time is the same for all, but not lifetime - History of military technology

State crime, Crimes against humanity, War, War crime

War crimes of dictator Assad's armed forces in Syria since 2011 - Casualties of Assad's war against the Syrian people - Daily updated timeline of war crimes in Syria committed by Assad, Iranian, Hezbollah and Russian forces since 2011

Targeted killing by the Russian regime since 1996

26/27 September 2018: 26/27 September 2018: Anatoliy Chepiga, a Colonel in the GRU, who served in Chechyna and has received the highest honour usually awarded personally by Russian regime's Putin, is one of the suspects in the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal and the killing of Dawn Sturgess, having travelled to the UK under the name Ruslan Boshirov, according to British investigative website Bellingcat and its partner The Insider

2014/2016 flight MH17 shootdown: 28 September 2016: Dutch-led joint investigation team including representatives from Australia, Malaysia, Ukraine, and Belgium states that there is 'irrefutable evidence' that a Russian Buk 9M38 missile downed the Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 in 2014, killing all 298 people on board, also concluding that the Buk missile system was brought across the border from Russia and later transported back escorted by several other vehicles and by 'armed men in uniform', according to witnesses, photographs, video, damning intercepted telephone calls, radar data, forensic examinations, tests and reconstructions - Cause of MH17 crash

2016 Ukrainian casualties: 31 May 2016: 10,000 Ukrainians killed by Russian-terrorist forces, more than 20,000 have been wounded and 1.8 million forced to flee their homes over the past two years, according to Ukrainian Defence Council - Casualties of the Ukrainian crisis and the Russian military intervention

2014-2018 MH17 shot down by Russian army: 24 May 2018: Joint Investigation Team, comprising the authorities from Australia, Belgium, Malaysia, the Netherlands and Ukraine announces that the missile launcher used to shoot down flight MH17 in July 2014, killing 298 passengers and crew from 17 countries, was Russian army, specifically Russia's 53rd anti-Aircraft Brigade

May 2018 MH17 victims families' open letter to the Russian people: 22 May 2018: In an open letter to the Russian people families of the victims in downing of MH17 hold the Russian regime as ultimately responsible for the deaths of their family members, expressing confidence in the thoroughness and impartiality of the work conducted by the Joint Investigation Team, and condemning reports on MH17 coming out of the Russian regime and state media, asking 'do Russian people really want to live in a country where the truth has ceased to exist'

December 2015: 20 December 2015: Russian air strikes kill at least 73 people in rebel-held Idlib - 23 Decembert 2015: Amnesty International says Russian air strikes in Syria may amount to war crimes after gathering reports on, hundreds of civilians killed in their homes, medical facilities and other public spaces

2016: 24 January 2016: Intense Russian and Syrian bombing raids reportedly killed scores of children and civilians in recent days - 30 June 2016: Thanks in no small part to Russia, Hezbollah is now a full-fledged army, learning Russian methods of war, becoming familiar with advanced Russian weaponry, coming to understand the latest Russian technologies, and in some cases actually fighting alongside Russian special forces - 29 September 2016: Syria hospital attacks are 'war crimes', UN's Ban Ki-moon says - Daily updated timeline of war crimes in Syria committed by Assad, Iranian, Hezbollah and Russian forces since 2011

March 2018: 26 March 2018: The 'United Nations' has come under fire for sharing the coordinates of hospitals in the Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta with Russia, only for one of them to be bombed days later, according to 'The Telegraph' - 26 March 2018: Syrian Coalition's Mohammed Yahya Maktabi said that the mass forced displacement taking place in the Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta is a 'war crime' as he condemned Russian’s major role in these crimes, adding that regime forces, the Iranian militias, and Russian air force are killing civilians, targeting popular markets, residential areas and public facilities and bombing hospitals, medical centers, and rescue workers - 27 March 2018: As more than half million people killed in seven years of brutal ground and aerial bombing by the Assad regime and its allies, and as Syrian children have taken the biggest share in the horrible death toll, the unstoppable roar of Russia's warplanes has caused a heart attack for Lojain Said, taking the life of the schoolgirl who lived in the northwestern town of Jisr al-Shughour, the Civil Defense rescue group says

August 2018: 22 August 2018: Russian regime's military have been key to propping up Syrian Assad regime and helping him reclaim key ground, as Russian ministry said Wednesday that over 63,000 Russian troops, including 434 generals, have fought in Syria and about 90% of Russian combat pilots have flown in Syria, using the operation to test some of its most advanced weapons, including the latest jets and cruise missiles, helping turn the tide of war in Assad’s favor and the Assad regime in August 2018 five years after the Ghouta chemical attack controls nearly two thirds of the country, compared to just one third back in 2014

September 2018: 30 September 2018: More than 18,000 people, nearly half of them civilians, have been killed in Russian air strikes on Syria since Putin regime began its assault three years ago, according to SOHR

2016: 27 January 2016: Syrian children 'protest' against Iranian intervention, increased since Rouhani came to office

August 2018: 27 August 2018: Ex-mayor of Tehran Karbaschi sentenced to year in jail for panning Iran’s actions in Syria, telling rally in Isfahan in 2017 there must be better way to help Syrians than by 'killing and pounding'

Since 2011 terrorist group Hezbollah's involvement in Assad's war: Since 2011 terrorist group Hezbollah's involvement in the Syrian Civil War has been substantial, and turned into active support and troops deployment since 2012 in support of the Assad regime forces across Syria

Since 2011 timeline of war crimes in Syria committed by Assad, Iranian, Hezbollah and Russian forces: Daily updated timeline of war crimes in Syria committed by Assad, Iranian, Hezbollah and Russian forces since 2011

January 2018: 21 January 2018: SOHR documented the death of 6 citizens including a child under the age of 8, because of the aerial bombardment by the Turkish warplanes, which targeted today areas in Afrin city and its countryside, as Turkey bring more military reinforcements amid continued aerial and missile shelling on the area, and as UN officials underscore the obligation on all parties to the conflict in Syria and the international community, to protect civilians from atrocity crimes, as dozens of people in eastern Ghouta and Idlib province have been killed in recent airstrikes, and schools and hospitals are being deliberately destroyed by the Assad regime and its allies

September 2013: 17 September 2013: 'Unspeakable atrocities' reported by UN-mandated human rights inquiry on DPR Korea

Since 2014 Xinjiang extralegal detention centers: Since 2014 'Reeducation camps' operated secretly and outside of the legal system by the Xinjiang local government, people can be locked up without any trial and local authorities are reportedly holding hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs and Muslims from other ethnic minorities in these camps

USA's 'Disposition Matrix' developed by the Obama Administration since 2010, going beyond existing kill lists, and creates a blueprint for tracking, capturing, rendering, or killing suspected enemies of the USA government - USA drone strikes in Pakistan 2004-present - List of drone strikes in Pakistan since 2004 - 'Unmanned: America's Drone Wars' documentary film released in October 2013

2014: 24 November 2014: Attempts to kill 41 men resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1,147 people as of 24 November, one of the facts of the Obama administration's drone strikes, revealed by new analysis of data in Yemen and Pakistan and study by legal charity 'Reprieve'

2015: 16 October 2015: Snowden and Ellsberg hail leak of drone documents from new whistleblower, as classified documents on USA assassination program confirm, that the administration firmly prefers kill over capture despite claiming the opposite, that the USA does not know who it's killing, and that the military labels unidentified people it kills in targeted strikes as 'enemies killed in action', although victims may be family members or associates of actual targets or may just have been nearby, or mistakenly targeted

2016: 20 July 2016: 2004 to present CIA and USA military drone strikes just in Pakistan resulting in 172-207 killed children, 424-966 killed civilians, 2,499-4,001 total killed people, 1,161-1,744 injured people

July 2016: 18 July 2016: To July 18th 2016, an overall total of between 3,181 and 4,267 civilian non-combatant fatalities had been alleged from 493 separate reported incidents in Iraq and Syria, of these Airwars presently estimates that a minimum of 1,422 civilians are likely to have died in USA-led coalition actions

2016; 19 juillet 2016: Près de 60 civils, dont 11 enfants, morts et des dizaines de blessés mardi dans des raids de la coalition menée par les Etats-Unis près du village d'al-Toukhar tenu par Daech dans la province d'Alep, selon l'OSDH - 20 July 2016: USA airstrikes on a Syrian village have killed at least 73 civilians, a majority of them women and children, activists say

1994: United Nations accepted failing their responsibility to prevent the Rwandan genocide in 1994

1995/2002: 10 April 2002: UN and the Netherlands blamed over 1995 Srebrenica massacre, for failing to give the troops the support they needed to defend the local population and for handing over Bosnian Muslim civilians to Serb forces, according to the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation

2009: UN admits Sri Lanka civil war failure during the final months in 2009

Since August 2016: 29 August 2016: UN paid and pays tens of millions to Assad regime, paying more than $13m to the Syrian murderous regime to boost farming and agriculture, despite the EU has banned trade with the departments in question for fear of how the money will be used, also paying at least $4m to the state-owned fuel supplier, which is also on the EU sanctions list, also partnering with the Syria Trust charity under both USA and EU sanctions, spending a total of $8.5m etc. - 30 August 2016: UN under pressure to set up inquiry into Syria aid programme, as human rights groups say UN needs to restore trust after the British newspaper 'Guardian' revealed contracts had been awarded to agencies linked to dictator Bashar al-Assad

October 2016: 28 October 2016: UN hires Assad's friends and relatives for Syria relief operation, as almost two-thirds of the emergency health supplies needed in Syria have gone to regime-held areas and 64% of the kits and medicines provided by the WHO since January have been delivered to areas held by or supporting Assad regime, only 13% of WHO supplies have reached Syria’s 'besieged' areas, according to documents seen by the Guardian newspaper

2016/2017 UN payments to Assad regime's companies: 1 August 2017: The UN paid at least $18 million in 2016 to companies with close ties to Bashar Al Assad, some of them run by cronies of the Syrian dictator who are on USA and EU blacklists

February 2018 UN's Guterres supports Assad regime: 23 February 2018: With support of UN head Guterres Assad regime’s Bashar Ja’afari elected to the UN’s Special Committee on Decolonization, as Hillel Neuer, executive director of the Geneva-based human rights group UN Watch, says that 'it is incomprehensible for the UN on one day to lament the Syrian regime’s killing and wounding of hundreds of thousands of Syrians - to declare the regime guilty of a 'monstrous campaign of annihilation’ of its own people - and to then hand this gift of false legitimacy to the mass murderer Bashar al-Assad'

March 2018 UN supports Russian attacks on hospitals: 26 March 2018: The 'United Nations' has come under fire for sharing the coordinates of hospitals in the Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta with Russia, only for one of them to be bombed days later, according to 'The Telegraph'

Civilian casualty ratio is the ratio of civilian casualties to combatant casualties or total casualties in armed conflicts, list of war since World War I, statistics and estimations - The so-called collateral damage is a term for deaths, injuries, or other damage inflicted on an unintended target

War casualties by war - War casualties by nationality

January 2018: 8 January 2018: In a jump of 42% in a year, more than 15,000 civilians were killed by explosive weapons in 2017, a rise driven by airstrikes, which killed almost double the number of civilians in 2017 compared with the previous year, according to a global survey seen by the Guardian, also saying that the worst impacted countries were Syria, where civilian deaths increased by 55% to 8,051, Iraq, where there was a 50% increase, to 3,271, and Afghanistan, where 994 non-combatants died

August 2018: 30 August 2018: About 8,000 civilians including 3,123 children and woman are among more than 18,000 people killed by the Russian strikes in 35 months of military operations in Syria, according to SOHR, as in seven years, the casualties of Russian and Iranian backed war have grown from the first handful of protesters shot by Assad's forces to hundreds of thousands of dead - 31 August 2018: Poland says it lost more than 5 million citizens, including 90% of Poland's Jewish population, and over $54 billion dollars worth of assets under the Nazi German occupation of the country during World War II

Since September/October 2015 Russian–Syrian hospital bombing campaign: Since September/October 2015 Russian–Syrian hospital bombing campaign - 29 September 2016: Syria hospital attacks are 'war crimes', UN's Ban Ki-moon says

Since September/October 2015: 29 October 2015: The escalation of attacks by Russia’s air forces, which began in late September, had targeted 12 hospitals in Idlib, Aleppo and Hama provinces, including six supported by Médecins Sans Frontières, a MSF statement says - 2 November 2015: 'Doctors Without Borders' is urging the permanent member states of the UN Security Council to comply with the responsibility to protect mandate to stop the escalating aerial massacres in Syria as quickly as possible

1 December 2015: A hospital supported by Médecins Sans Frontières in Homs partially destroyed in a 'double-tap' barrel bombing, killing seven people including a young girl and wounding many, latest in apparent escalation of strikes on medical facilities by Russian and Assad terror warplanes - 2 December 2015: Doctors Without Borders reported two barrel bombing attacks against one of their hospitals in Zafarana in Syria’s Homs Province, which left at least 7 people dead and 47 others wounded, including 23 women and children under the age of 15

2016: 9 February 2016: An airstrike hit Tafas field hospital, some 12 km from the Jordanian border in southern Syria, that is supported by Médecins Sans Frontières, killing three people including a nurse and wounding six - 15 février 2016: Un hôpital à Hadiyé dans la région de Maaret al-Noomane, lié à MSF, a été bombardé, neuf personnes, dont un enfant, ont été tuées lors de frappes de l'aviation, vraisemblablement russe - 18 February 2016: Hospitals in opposition-held parts of Syria are refusing to share GPS coordinates with Russian and Syrian authorities because of repeated attacks on medical facilities and workers, Médecins Sans Frontières and humanitarian workers on the ground say - 23 February: Survivors of MSF Hospital targeted by warplanes in Maarat al-Nouman recount their stories - 9 May 2016: Attacks on hospitals and medical facilities by the regime and Russian forces continue unabated, as Assad’s jets on Sunday bombed a hospital in Kafrnaha in rural Aleppo which is supported by Doctors Without Borders destroying three ambulances and causing damage to the hospital building

June 2016: 1 June 2016: Hospitals are now normal targets of war, Médecins Sans Frontières' Michiel Hofman says, describing permanent members of the UN security council as complicit in killings, after Russia blamed for new strikes which targeted two hospitals and other parts of Idlib city, killing scores

July 2016: 24 juillet 2016: Des bombardements aériens, menés par la Syrie et la Russie, ont touchés les établissements dans les quartiers est de la ville, assiégés depuis le 17 juillet par le régime - 24 July 2016: Four makeshift hospitals and a local blood bank in Syria's battered Aleppo city have been hit by regime air raids in the past 24 hours, including the children's hospital in a besieged eastern neighbourhood, where the bombardment killed a two-day-old baby, according to a group of doctors - 26 July 2016: Russian warplanes fired vacuum missiles and cluster bombs at residential neighborhoods, hitting Atareb's main hospital and medicine stores and wounding 45 more people - 29 July 2016: An airstrike has hit a maternity hospital in a rebel-held area of Idlib province supported by Save the Children, killing two people and injuring several others including a woman, who was six months pregnant and who lost her leg, and several babies, when their incubators crashed to the floor in the attack - 31 July 2016: Four new-born babies reportedly killed after a recent triple airstrike, which aid workers said came from Syrian government warplanes, hit besieged Aleppo’s last children’s hospital run by a group of Syrian doctors, the Independent Doctors’ Association, and backed by the charity Unicef - 31 July 2016: It rose to 9 (including 3 citizens, a child, a pharmaceutical and the deputy director of Jassem hospital) the number of people who were killed when the warplanes bombed areas of Jassem in the countryside of Daraa, where one of the raids targeted the town’s hospital area, as the Syrian Center for Policy Research puts the death toll from the six-year Assad war against Syrians at more than 470,000 people

August 2016: 8 August 2016: Hospital supported by Doctors Without Borders in rebel-held northern province of Idlib that specialized in pediatrics hit by series of airstrikes in broad daylight, leaving four staff and five children dead and injuring six other hospital staff members - 11 August 2016: Facing an attack on a medical facility every 17 hours, 15 of the last 35 doctors in rebel-held eastern Aleppo have written a letter to USA's Obama with an urgent plea for intervention to stop the bombardment of hospitals in the besieged city by the Russian-backed Syrian air force, saying 'we do not need tears or sympathy or even prayers, we desperately need a zone free from bombing over eastern Aleppo to stop the attacks', as some doctors refused to sign the letter because they had no wish to make any more appeals to the west - 13 August 2016: Russian jets destroy pediatric and maternity hospital in Kafar Hamra in Aleppo province - 17 August 2016: Russian fighter jets destroy hospital in Daret Izza, rural Aleppo

2017: 16 February 2017: The Assad regime and Russian forces were behind airstrikes that hit two hospitals in northeastern Syria in February 2016, according to an investigation initiated by Doctors Without Borders, also saying that 25 people, including an MSF staff member, were killed and 11 others wounded in the attack - 1 April 2017: Airstrikes hit a hospital supported by medical aid group in Latamnah in Hama province last week, killing two people, with evidence chemical weapons were used, Medecins Sans Frontieres said - 22 September 2017: At least four hospitals were targeted by Assad regime and Russian strikes as warplanes conducted more than 105 raids within a 24-hour period, deliberately attacking medical facilities in northern Hama and southern Idleb province

January 2018: 4 January 2018: Russian jets on Tuesday bombed Hasan al-A'araj Hospital in the town of Ma'arat al-Nu'man in rural Idlib, destroying large parts of the hospital and putting the facility out of service - 8 January 2018: SNHR says that as many as 112 medical personnel and civil defense workers were killed in Syria in 2017, 51 of whom were killed in attacks by the Assad regime and 23 others in Russian airstrikes

March 2018: 26 March 2018: The United Nations has come under fire for sharing the coordinates of hospitals in the Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta with Russia, only for one of them to be bombed days later, according to 'The Telegraph' - 26 March 2018: Syrian Coalition's Mohammed Yahya Maktabi said that the mass forced displacement taking place in the Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta is a 'war crime' as he condemned Russian’s major role in these crimes, adding that regime forces, the Iranian militias, and Russian air force are killing civilians, targeting popular markets, residential areas and public facilities and bombing hospitals, medical centers, and rescue workers - 27 March 2018: As more than half million people killed in seven years of brutal ground and aerial bombing by the Assad regime and its allies, and as Syrian children have taken the biggest share in the horrible death toll, the unstoppable roar of Russia's warplanes has caused a heart attack for Lojain Said, taking the life of the schoolgirl who lived in the northwestern town of Jisr al-Shughour, the Civil Defense rescue group says

April 2018: 2 April 2018: Russian forces have targeted a medical center in rural Idlib province as the province has become home to about two million people, half of whom were forcibly displaced by the Assad regime and its Russian and Iranian allies

May 2018: 2 May 2018: Strikes of warplanes destroy the building of Kafr Zita Hospital in the northern countryside of Hama and leave casualties

August 2018: 20 août 2018: L'humanitaire, activité de plus en plus risquée, selon le centre de recherches indépendant Humanitarian Outcomes

October 2018: 5 October 2018: String of own goals by Russian spies exposes a strange sloppiness, as GRU seems to have lost its way in the age of internet search and as bungling agents leave Putin exposed in the global spotlight, after hatefully saying 'traitors will kick the bucket'

2007/2008 cyberattacks on Estonia and during the Russo-Georgian War: 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia - 2008 Cyberattacks during the Russo-Georgian War

Since 2013 'Trolls from Olgino' and Russian–Ukrainian cyberwarfare: Since 2013 'Trolls from Olgino' and 'Olgino's trolls' have become general terms denoting trolls who spread pro-Russian propaganda - Since 2013 Russian–Ukrainian cyberwarfare

2016 Russian interference in the USA elections: Russian interference in the 2016 USA elections

2017 suspected Russian interference in the French elections: 7 May 2017: Russian effort suspected in French election hacking attack, as Paris’ cybersecurity agency begins to probe leak of Macron campaign documents and as expert notes ‘Cyrillic script in the metadata’ of hacked files - 7 May 2017: WikiLeaks finds Russian trace in hacker attack on Macron's headquarters

2017: 23 June 2017: To stop Russia and other hackers, we need to overhaul the internet, says Israeli cyber expert Prof. Isaac Ben-Israel says ahead of next week’s Tel Aviv University 'Cyber Week 2017', calling for a radical overhaul of the internet in order to counter cyber warfare

Cyberwarfare by Iran

Computer crime - Computer security - Outline of computer security - Computer systems at risk - Computer vulnerability

List and timeline of cyberattacks: List of cyberattacks - List of data breaches - Timeline of computer security hacker history

2013: 10 May 2013: Hackers steal $45 million in global plot involving bank databases, debit cards and cash machines

2017: May 2017 WannaCry malware cyber attack, infecting over 75,000 computers in 99 countries, demanding ransom payments - 12 May 2017: Computers in thousands of locations have apparently been locked by a program that reportedly demands $300 in Bitcoin - 15 May 2017: Microsoft warns governments against storing computer vulnerabilities like the leaked one at the heart of the global cyberattack that has crippled computers in more than 150 countries, partly laying blame with the USA government and its agencies for the weekend assault - June 2017 global Petya cyberattacks, primarily targeting Ukraine - 27 June 2017: 'Petya' ransomware attack strikes companies across Europe and USA - 23 August 2017: Researchers who warned robot manufacturers in January about vulnerabilities in their home, business and industrial robots, say only a few of the problems have been addressed

19 December 2017: North Korea is 'directly responsible' for the so-called WannaCry cyber attack that crippled hospitals, banks and other companies across the globe earlier this year, according to USA official

Organized crime - Organized crime by country - Transnational organized crime

September 2012: 27 September 2012: Organised crime is a big player in illegal logging, which accounts for up to 30% of all wood traded globally, the UN and Interpol are warning

July 2013: 24 juillet 2013: Le crime organisé international rapporte 870 milliards de dollars par an grâce aux trafics de drogue et d'êtres humains et à la cybercriminalité, selon une estimation de l'ONU

March 2017: March 2017: The fight against transnational crime needs to be redirected to combatting the money the crimes generate and shutting down the global shadow financial system that facilitates the moving and secreting of illicitly generated funds

December 2017: 7 December 2017: The global homicide rate rose last year for the first time in more than a decade, according to 'Small Arms Survey’s report', estimating that 385,000 people were killed in homicides across the world in 2016

October 2018: 16 October 2018: USA designates terrorist organization Hezbollah a transnational crime threat, having a sprawling network involved in money-laundering, drug trafficking, and organized crime as well as terrorism, whose reach extends across Africa and into Central and South America, and also well-documented links with drug cartels

2011/2012: 3 novembre 2011: 'Marchand de mort' Viktor Bout reconnu coupable de trafic d'armes - 6 April 2012: Russian arms dealer Viktor Bout sentenced to 25 years in prison by a New York judge after being convicted on terrorism charges

2012: 30. Januar 2012: Friedensforschungsinstitut Sipri prangert fehlende Kontrollen von Waffenschmuggel und Transportverboten an

2015: 8 décembre 2015: Les transferts irresponsables d'armes effectués vers l'Irak depuis des décennies sont à l'origine du redoutable arsenal utilisé par le groupe Etat islamique, provenant d'au moins 25 pays dont une bonne partie de Russie, selon un ONG rapport

Human trafficking - Human trafficking by country

2012: 25 September 2012: USA President Obama has decried human trafficking as 'modern slavery'

Contemporary slavery refers to the institutions of slavery that continue to exist in the present day - Contemporary slavery by continent and country

2013: 17 octobre 2013: 30 millions de personnes réduites en esclavage dans le monde

2016: 31 May 2016: More than 45 million men, women and children globally are trapped in modern slavery, far more than previously thought, with two-thirds in the Asia-Pacific, a 'Walk Free Foundation' study shows

2017: 19 September 2017: An estimated 40.3 million people were victims of modern slavery in 2016, a quarter of them children, according to new global slavery statistics released by UN’s International Labour Organisation and the Walk Free Foundation

2018: 19 July 2018: The Global Slavery Index, that describes modern slavery as a complex and often hidden crime that crosses borders, sectors and jurisdictions, reports an estimated 40.3 million global total number of enslaved people with most victims in Asia, published by the 'Walk Free Foundation'

Illegal drug trade - Illegal drug trade by country - Drug cartels, criminal organizations with the intention of supplying drug trafficking operations, ranging from loosely managed agreements among various drug traffickers to formalized commercial enterprises

Since 2009, 2017: 18 December 2017: The Obama administration covertly derailed a campaign by the USA Drug Enforcement Administration that targeted the Iranian-backed Hezbollah terrorist group and its weapons and drug trafficking practices in order to help solidify the 2015 Iran nuclear accord, according to an investigative report by Politico

Tax evasion - Tax avoidance - Tax haven - List of offshore financial centres - OECD's List of Unco-operative Tax Havens

Since 2002 tax haven Monaco: Tax haven Monaco's absence of a personal income tax has attracted to it a considerable number of wealthy 'tax refugee' residents who derive the majority of their income from activity outside Monaco - 24 October 2002 Franco-Monégasque treaty greatly increases Monaco’s ability to conduct it own foreign relations, alleging that the Principality is an independent and sovereign State - Franco-Monégasque economic and political ties, including an agreement that French citizens with less than five years of residence in Monaco and companies doing more than 25% of their business outside the country would be taxed at French rates

In 2012/2013 up to $32 trillion of hidden financial assets in offshore tax havens: 23 July 2012: Rich individuals have at least $20 trillion - perhaps up to $32 trillion - of hidden financial assets in offshore tax havens, a study says - private 'elites' of 139 developing countries also putting wealth beyond the reach of local tax authorities - 3 April 2013: ICIJ investigating a cache of 2.5 million files cracks open the secrets of more than 120,000 offshore companies and trusts, exposing hidden dealings of politicians, con men and the mega-rich

Since April 2013 Offshore Leaks: April 2013 Offshore Leaks, the name of a report originating from the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, disclosing details of 130,000 offshore accounts in and called the biggest hit against international tax fraud of all times

Since November 2014 'Luxembourg Leaks': November 2014 'Luxembourg Leaks' financial scandal based on confidential information from 2002 to 2010, making available to the public tax rulings for over three hundred multinational companies based in Luxembourg

Since February 2015 'Swiss Leaks': February 2015 'Swiss Leaks' journalistic investigation of a giant tax evasion scheme allegedly operated with the knowledge and encouragement of the British multinational bank HSBC via its Swiss subsidiary HSBC Private Bank Suisse

June 2015 Profit-shifting and tax abuse deprive countries of resources needed to combat poverty: 2 June 2015: Profit-shifting and tax abuse by multinational corporations deprives developing countries of resources needed to combat poverty, says report by NGOs

Since April/May 2016 'Panama Papers': April 2016 'Panama Papers' set of 11.5 million leaked documents detailing financial and attorney–client information for more than 214,000 offshore companies associated with the Panamanian firm Mossack Fonseca - 3 May 2016: The Netherlands, Luxembourg along with the USA, Britain, Switzerland and Ireland were among the top destinations for funds from corporations seeking to avoid tax last year, as the British Virgin Islands and Cayman Islands received $72bn of investment becoming a focus for businesses in Russia, China, the USA and Hong Kong, according to the UN - 10 May 2016: 'International Consortium of Investigative Journalists', that has published the names of thousands of offshore companies at the heart of the Panama Papers, makes data on 200,000 entities available on its website - List of people named in the 'Panama Papers'

July-September 2017: 25 July 2017: Almost 40% of corporate investments channelled away from authorities and into tax havens travel through the UK or the Netherlands, according to a study of researchers at the University of Amsterdam, showing the importance of developed countries cleaning up their financial sectors - 12 September 2017: Slow UK aid for hurricane-hit islands linked to tax haven ties, as Anguilla’s ex-attorney general Rupert Jones says UK government may fear exposing its role in Caribbean territories’ tax arrangements

Since November 2017 'Paradise Papers': November 2017 'Paradise Papers', a set of 13.4 million leaked documents relating to offshore investment, among those whose financial affairs are mentioned are Queen Elizabeth II and USA Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross - List of people named in the November 2017 'Paradise Papers' - 5 November 2017: The world’s biggest businesses, heads of state and global figures in politics, entertainment and sport who have sheltered their wealth in secretive tax havens are being revealed in a major new investigation 'Paradise Papers' into Britain’s offshore empires - 6 November 2017: Reaction around the world to release of 'Paradise Papers'

December 2017 EU's 'blacklist' and 'grey list': 5 December 2017: EU named and shamed 17 countries in its first ever tax haven blacklist and put a further 47 on notice, including British overseas territories and the crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man

January 2018: 23 January 2018: The firm 'Appleby' at the heart of the Paradise Papers leak provided offshore services to FBME bank accused of facilitating terrorist financing, transnational organised crime and the Syrian government’s chemical weapons programme

October 2018: 16 October 2018: A blacklist of 21 countries, including the 3 European countries Malta, Monaco and Cyprus, whose so-called 'golden passport' schemes, fast-expanding $3bn citizenships turning nationality into a marketable commodity, threaten international efforts to combat tax evasion, has been published by the OECD

Money laundering - Offshore financial centre

Since 1989 FATF: Since 1989 'Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering' FATF

Since 2000/2008: Since 2000 Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes - OECD 'gray list' - 2 April 2009: A progress report on the jurisdictions surveyed by the OECD global forum in implementing the international agreed tax standard

September 2018 Russian oligarch Abramovich case: 26 September 2018: Abramovich, one of the closest businessmen to Russian regime's Novichok/Polonium/Sarin-Putin, who once referred to him in an interview as 'our oligarch', known for 'suspicion of money laundering and presumed contacts with criminal organisations', seen as 'a danger to public security' by Swiss police, as Russian regime since 1990s has become a 'mafia state'

Terrorism financing - State-sponsored terrorism - countries - State Sponsors of Terrorism - USA list - List of charities accused of ties to terrorism

Since 1979 Iranian regime's state-sponsored terrorism: Since 1979 the Iranian regime has been accused by members of the international community of funding, providing equipment, weapons, training and giving sanctuary to terrorists

Since 2000/2001 global fight against terrorist financing: Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering FATF blacklist issued since 2000 of 'Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories', perceived to be non-cooperative in the global fight against money laundering and terrorist financing

2017: 23 June 2017: In its on-going review of compliance with the AML/CFT standards, the FATF identifies jurisdictions that have strategic AML/CFT deficiencies - 23 June 2017: The FATF remains concerned by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea’s failure to address the significant deficiencies in its anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regime and the serious threat this poses to the integrity of the international financial system

September 2018: 25 September 2018: EU said its members would set up a payment system to allow oil companies and businesses to continue trading with the Iranian regime in a bid to evade sanctions, siding with its state-sponsored terrorism and war once again, as Iran video threatens missile strikes on UAE and Saudi Arabia, also threatening Israel

Financial crimes - Securities fraud - Insider trading - Binary option operations, fraud and regulations

Illicit financial flows - Capital flight

Corruption - Corruption by country - Bribery

Since 1995 Corruption Perceptions Index: Corruption Perceptions Index since 1995, annually ranking countries 'by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys' - The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, promoting public awareness about how countries manage their oil, gas and mineral resources

2011 Russia and China come bottom of bribe-paying: 2 November 2011: Russia and China come bottom of bribe-paying Transparency-International survey

2013 dirty money leaving developing world jumped: 12 December 2013: Amount of dirty money leaving developing world jumped 14% in 2011, Global Financial Integrity report says - 2013 Corruption Perceptions Index

2014: 2014 Corruption Perceptions Index - Eritrea, Libya, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iraq, South Sudan, Afghanistan, Sudan, North Korea, and Somalia highest rankings

2015: 2015 Corruption Perceptions Index - 68% of countries worldwide have a serious corruption problem, half of the G20 are among them, not one single country is corruption-free

2016 tax havens: 9 May 2016: More than 300 leading economists from 30 countries have today written to world leaders warning that there is no economic justification for allowing tax havens to continue, and urging them to bring an end to offshore financial secrecy - 12 May 2016: To end corruption, start with the USA and UK, allowing it in broad daylight, British newspaper says - 12 May 2016: British PM Cameron casts doubt at the close of 2016 'corruption summit' in London on whether the USA could be truly considered part of a coalition committed to the fight against corruption, saying some USA states fall far short on tax transparency and are less open than the United Kingdom’s crown dependencies

2016/2017 UN payments to Assad regime's companies: 1 August 2017: The UN paid at least $18 million in 2016 to companies with close ties to Bashar Al Assad, some of them run by cronies of the Syrian dictator who are on USA and EU blacklists

2017 Transparency-International's Corruption Perceptions Index: 25 January 2017: Transparency-International's Corruption Perceptions Index 2016, shows growing levels of public sector corruption and more countries declining than improving compared with figures for last year - 17 février 2017: Les procureurs généraux de 11 pays se sont engagés jeudi à créer des équipes de travail communes pour coordonner leurs enquêtes sur le scandale de corruption d'Odebrecht, le groupe de BTP brésilien

Political corruption - Forms of political corruption include Bribery, Cronyism, Crony capitalism, Electoral fraud or vote rigging, Extortion, Graft (politics) Influence peddling, Kleptocracy, Lobbying, Nepotism, Patronage, Plutocracy, and Slush funds - Repression of political opponents and political repression, Police corruption and general police brutality also considered political corruption

2002: Worldwide Governance Indicators annually updated since 2002

2012: 18 February 2012: Germany's president quits over corruption charges

Since 2014 Crony-capitalism index: Crony-capitalism index since 2014

2016 UN payments to Assad's regime: 29 August 2016: Saying that it is perverse that UN and its agencies committed to human rights are throwing a lifeline to a regime that has no qualms about burning the entire country just to stay in power, expert in war studies Leenders reveals that UN agencies had paid 'lucrative procurement contracts to Syrian regime cronies who are known to bankroll the very repression and brutality that caused much of the country’s humanitarian needs', as the UN calls Assad's war against the Syrian people the 'world’s largest humanitarian crisis' but as brave and principled UN aid workers who were kicked out by the regime for refusing to comply with illegal restrictions on humanitarian access receive no support from their headquarters, as UNHCR is the biggest customer of the 'Four Seasons' in Damascus spending $6,822,445 at the hotel since the start of Assad's war crimes, as UN paid and pays tens of millions to Assad regime, as UN's $4bn aid effort in Syria, called morally bankrupt, and UN operations have quietly secured deals with individuals and companies under both Europe and USA sanctions - 8 September 2016: More than 70 aid groups have suspended cooperation with the UN in Syria and have demanded an immediate and transparent investigation into its operations because of concerns Syrian dictator al-Assad has gained 'significant and substantial' influence over the relief effort

2016/2017 UN payments to Assad regime's companies: 1 August 2017: The UN paid at least $18 million in 2016 to companies with close ties to Bashar Al Assad, some of them run by cronies of the Syrian dictator who are on USA and EU blacklists

2017 USA payments against Paris climate accord: 1 June 2017: Twenty-two senators and Republicans who urged Trump to pull out of Paris climate accord writing a letter to the president when he was said to be on the fence about backing out, are big oil darlings and received more than $10m from oil, gas and coal companies the past three election cycles

May 2018 Spanish PP's Bárcenas jailed: 24 May 2018: Spain’s ruling party PP has suffered a major blow after its former treasurer Bárcenas was jailed for 33 years for fraud and money laundering, and the party itself was found to have profited from an illegal kickbacks-for-contracts scheme, in a case that has become emblematic of political corruption in Spain

October 2018: 11 October 2018: Trump announces investigation concerning Jamal Khashoggi, who vanished at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, but says he won't halt Saudi arms sales, triggering questions and troubling memories of governments' recent decisions not to punish 'ruthless' regimes in China, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Russia, Syria etc. for fear of jeopardising lucrative deals and due to obsequiousness

March 1914: March 1914: German newspapers beat the war drums

August 1914 German massacres of hundreds of unarmed Belgian civilians in Dinant: On 21/22 August 1914 German infantry and pioneers advanced into Dinant, killing seven civilians and burning 15–20 houses, on 23 August 1914 the Germans massacred 674 unarmed Belgian civilians in Dinant, civilians were lined up against a wall and shot, including men over 70, women or girls, children under 14 and even babies, 1,200 houses were burned down and 400 people were deported to Germany as an area of Dinant was systematically looted and burned down by the Germans, also destroying public and historic buildings, including the collegial church and the town hall - 1914/1915 official report of massacres of peaceable citizens, women and children by the German army and testimony of eye-witnesses - 1915/1917 'Le sac de Dinant et le légendes du livre blanc allemand du 10 mai 1915', par M. Tschoffen, procureur du roi de l'arrondissement de Dinant - 12 May 1915 Bryce Report into German Atrocities in Belgium

1914 Western Front German massacres: Atrocités allemandes en 1914 en Wallonie, en Flandre et en France

1914 Unterstützung der Massaker von Dinant durch die SPD und ihre Presse: 1914 verfassen Adolf Köster, Redakteur des SPD-Zentralorgans Vorwärts sowie des Hamburger Echos, und Gustav Noske, SPD-Abgeordneter im Reichstag, Chefredakteur der Chemnitzer Volksstimme und Wehrexperte der Partei, eine Schrift, die die Massaker von Dinant unterstützt und den Standpunkt des deutschen Heeres teilt

1918-1945: The propaganda used by the German NSDAP in the years leading up to and during Adolf Hitler's dictatorship of Germany 1933–1945 was a crucial instrument for acquiring and maintaining power, and for the implementation of NSDAP, SS and Gestapo policies

1933-1945 and since 1945: Peter Köpf, 1995: Schreiben nach jeder Richtung - Goebbels-Propagandisten in der westdeutschen Nachkriegspresse

2015: 16 March 2015: Corruption in the media is killing ethical journalism, European Federation of Journalists EJN says - 17 March 2015: The conflict of interest between advertiser power and journalism revealed by Peter Oborne, who walked out of Britain's Daily Telegraph accusing the management of censoring stories about HSBC bank and tax evasion, is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to corruption inside media

2016: 18 July 2016: In 'a message to an obsessed world' Syrian artist Mohamed Youssef has taken advantage of the global preoccupation with the Pokemon game, featuring Pokemon in his designs alongside the tragic life Syrians are living, amid military operations and continuous bombardment, in an attempt to draw attention to a country where 9 million people have been forced to flee their homes and where cities have been obliterated by Assad’s regime, Russia, and allied militias, especially those backed by Iran

April 2018: 13 April 2018: Hungarian journalists admit role in forging anti-migrant 'atmosphere of fear' ahead of Victor Orbán’s election victory this week, as the 'Guardian' spoke to several employees of the taxpayer-funded MTVA network to hear the inside story of how its channels pumped out government messaging, and at times false stories, with the goal of winning support for Orban's anti-immigration message

2015: 17 December 2015: Echoes of famous films, including Nazi propaganda, in USA's 2015 'Star Wars' movie

2002: 2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal

2015/2016: 2015/2016 FIFA corruption case - 19 April: USA judge released transcripts of guilty pleas from three prominent defendants in the Fifa corruption investigation in which they expressed regret and suggested that bribes in the organization were standard practice

2016: 11 May 2016: 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games corruption claims bring scandal back to the IOC - 18 July 2016: Wada's devastating and damning report into Russian sport has found that the country’s government, security services and sporting authorities colluded to hide widespread doping across 'a vast majority' of winter and summer sports - 25 July 2016: IOC’s decision against imposing a ban on the Russian Olympic contingent is a declaration of bankruptcy in the fight against doping, the winners are those who cheat, journalist says, who exposed the systematic doping in Russian athletics, adding that in the end the IOC kowtowed to the Russian regime - 31 July 2016: 13 national anti-doping organisations, including those from the USA, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands and Japan have given a damning verdict on the IOC’s 'hasty and ill-conceived' response to state-sponsored doping in Russia and accused its leaders of being open to political and commercial influence at the expense of clean sport - 1 August 2016: Rio Olympic boxing tournament hit by corruption allegations - 4 August 2016: Wada-commissioned lawyer Richard McLaren accuses IOC of misrepresenting his doping report and findings, which were never designed to prove individual doping cases, but is about state-sponsored systemic doping over a period of four years across the majority of Olympic sports, manipulation of results, swapping of samples, preparation of wash-up schemes

2017: 5 December 2017: Russia’s Olympic Committee banned from the Winter Olympics in 2018 for doping and 'unprecedented attack on the integrity of the Olympic Games and sport' - 22 December 2017: Two ex-soccer officials found guilty in New York on multiple charges of corruption - 26 December 2017: Russian deputy PM Vitaly Mutko, who was banned for life from the Olympics this month, quits football role before 2018 World Cup

April 2018: 18 April 2018: After Fifa’s Gianni Infantino favoured Crimean Shampanskoye over Millennium Hotel's tea, fantastical diversions emerge to stop fretting about Russia and to start meddling with Qatar

June 2018: 9 June 2018: Fifa’s World Cup is toxic, British Guardian/Observer columnist Nick Cohen explains, after Zurich’s masters of corruption Fifa handed the World Cup first to kleptomaniac murderers who run Russia and then to the overseers of a serf economy in Qatar - Der Kick des Geldes, Frankfurt/M. 2015, von Jens Berger

'Fake news' is a type of hoax or deliberate spread of misinformation in social media or traditional news media with the intent to mislead in order to gain financially or politically - Fake news by country, said to have influenced political discourse in multiple countries - Fake news websites deliberately publish hoaxes, propaganda, and disinformation purporting to be real news — often using social media to drive web traffic and amplify their effect

Disinformation, intentionally false or misleading information that is spread in a calculated way to deceive target audiences - Propaganda - Propaganda techniques

November 2017: 14 November 2017: Governments of 30 countries around the globe are using armies of so-called opinion shapers to meddle in elections, advance anti-democratic agendas and repress their citizens, a new Freedom House report shows

December 2017: 31 December 2017: Syria Campaign’s report 'Killing the Truth: How Russia is fuelling a disinformation campaign to cover up war crimes in Syria' found, that co-ordinated groups of 'bots' and trolls linked to Russian Putin regime have reached millions during key moments of 2016 and 2017

April 2018: 19 April 2018: Russian regime's leaks have revealed its use of disinformation over the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 in 2014, as hacked emails linked to senior Russian officials contained a briefing document that set out eight separate messaging 'lines to take' over the crash which killed 298 people, sought to blame Ukraine for the crime although the Boeing airliner was shot down by a Russian BUK surface-to-air missile

1490-1914 genocides in Africa: 1490-1914 genocides in Africa, including 1885-1908 Atrocities in the Congo Free State under the rule of King Leopold II of Belgium, 1827-1857 French conquest of Algeria, 1904-1908 Herero and Nama genocide, a campaign of extermination and collective punishment by the German Empire in South West Africa (now Namibia) and considered the first genocide of the 20th century, 1815-1840 Mfecane, a period of widespread chaos and warfare among indigenous ethnic communities in southern Africa, following the Portuguese introduction of maize, a ten-year drought and a resulting competition for land and water resources among the peoples of the area

1490-1914 genocides in Americas: 1490-1914 genocides in Americas, including since the early 1500s colonialism and genocide in the Americas by England, France, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain, later Great Britain and the USA, also responsible for the, California Genocide, the violence, relocation, and starvation that led to a decrease in the indigenous population of California as a result of the USA occupation of California

Since 16th century, 1900-1957 Brazil: Genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil since 16th century - In modern Brazil over 80 indigenous tribes disappeared between 1900 and 1957, and of a population of over one million during this period 80% had been killed through repression, disease, or murder

Since 16th century colonialism and genocides by the British Empire: Since 16th century Colonialism and genocides by the British Empire - in places like North Americas, Australia, New Zealand, settler colonialism caused the indigenous population to decrease by over half after becoming a British colony, foreign land viewed as attractive for settlement was declared as terra nullius or 'nobody's land', the indigenous inhabitants were therefore denied any sovereignty or property rights in the eyes of the British, justifying invasion and the violent seizure of native land to create colonies populated by British settlers causing a large decrease in the indigenous population from war, newly introduced diseases, massacre by colonists and attempts at forced assimilation, the gradual violent expansion of colonies into indigenous land could last for centuries

Since the 1640s Russian conquest of Siberia: Since the 1640s Russian conquest of Siberia, accompanied by massacres due to indigenous resistance to colonization by the Russian Cossacks, who savagely crushed the natives

Since 1869 Japanese colonization of Hokkaido: Since 1869 Japanese colonization of Hokkaido

Since the early 1900s German crimes against humanity in Africa: Decades before Nazi Germany tried to annihilate the Jews, German colonialists in Southwest Africa dehumanized, built death camps for, and slaughtered tens of thousands of tribespeople in a systematic genocide, 'subhumans', 'cattle car transports', even the 'Final Solution' have their sinister antecedents in Africa in the early 1900s

1914-1918 War goals of the German empire and crimes: 1914-1918 War goals of the German empire included making the French economy dependent on Germany, ending trade between France and the British Empire, annexation of Belgium or making it a 'vassal state', annexation of Luxembourg, making the Netherlands dependent on Germany, creation of buffer states carved out of the western Russian Empire, such as Poland, which would remain under German sovereignty 'for all time', creation of a 'Mitteleuropa economic association' dominated by Germany, expansion of the German colonial empire first in central Africa ('Mittelafrika') at the expense of the French and Belgian colonies - World War I crimes by Imperial Germany

Since 1933 Nazi Germany and 'Aryanization': Since 1933 Nazi Germany and 'Aryanization', the term coined during Nazism referring to the forced expulsion of so-called 'non-Aryans', resulting in mass murders and genocide - Racial policy of Nazi Germany, targeting Jews, Sinti and Roma, Afro-Germans, Poles, Russians, other Slavs, and other groups

1939-1945 War goals of the German empire: 'New Order of Europe' ('Neuordnung Europas'), the political order which Nazi Germany wanted to impose on the conquered areas under its dominion, publicly proclaimed by Adolf Hitler in 1941 - 'Generalplan Ost' was the Nazi German government's plan for the genocide and ethnic cleansing on a vast scale, and colonization of Central and Eastern Europe by Germans - Hunger Plan ('Hungerplan'), a plan developed by Nazi Germany during World War II to seize food from the Soviet Union and give it to German soldiers and civilians, entailing the death by starvation of millions of so-called 'racially inferior' Slavs following Operation Barbarossa, the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union

1939-1945 German war crimes: 27. Juli 2009: Die 'Wehrmacht' des nationalsozialistischen Deutschlands verletzte systematisch - in Deutschland jahrzehntelang geleugnet und verdrängt - die Genfer Kriegskonvention und verübte z.B. 1940 aus rassistischen Motiven Kriegsverbrechen, die der Historiker Raffael Scheck anhand von Dokumenten beschreibt, die belegen wie Wehrmachtseinheiten innerhalb nur eines Monats, zwischen dem 24. Mai und dem 24. Juni 1940 mindestens 3.000 schwarze Soldaten Frankreichs ermordeten, obwohl die sich bereits ergeben hatten oder verwundet waren und nicht mehr im Kampf standen - War crimes of the Wehrmacht

Antisemitism - Antisemitism by country or region - Geography of antisemitism - Timeline of antisemitism, since Antiquity - Antisemitic attacks and incidents

Boycotts of Israel - Antisemitic boycotts and history - Boycotts of Israel by organizations

Religious violence and Sectarian violence - Sectarian violence among Christians - Sectarian violence among Muslims

Impunity refers in the international law to the failure to bring perpetrators of human rights violations to justice - Command responsibility

People indicted for international crimes

List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court

Since 2007 Impunity Watch, online publication and interactive website dedicated to inform the world about state violations of citizens' and human rights, operating as a law review, message board, and blog to of give a voice to people who are silenced

CPJ’s Campaign Against Impunity

Lawlessness - Crimes against humanity - Global politics without conscience

History of law, the study of how law has evolved and why it changed, closely connected to the development of civilisations and set in the wider context of social history - International law - Conflict of laws

Victim blaming occurs when the victim of a crime or any wrongful act is held entirely or partially responsible for the harm that befell them - Historical negationism or denialism is an illegitimate distortion of the historical record

Abuse of the legal system - Legal abuse - State crime

Capital punishment - Use of capital punishment by country

Endangered freedom of the press, freedom of speech and freedom of information

Air pollution

Deforestation - Deforestation by region - Illegal logging

Overfishing - EU revamps fishing policy to save depleted stocks

Environmental disaster - List of environmental disasters

Toxic waste is any material in liquid, solid, or gas form that can cause serious harm to humans as well as animals and the environment - Hazardous waste is waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment

Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents - Nuclear and radiation accidents - List of nuclear power accidents by country - List of nuclear and radiation fatalities by country - List of civilian nuclear accidents - List of military nuclear accidents - Nuclear fallout - Radioactive contamination

Environmental impact of transport (Lokomotionsindustrie und Ortsveränderung) - Diesel exhaust is the gaseous exhaust produced by a diesel type of internal combustion engine, plus any contained particulates - Environmental impact of aviation

Environmental impact of agriculture, pesticides, insecticides and chemical herbicides

Genetically modified organism - Genetic engineering and agriculture - Genetically modified food controversies

Environmental crime

Global Witness exposes the hidden links between demand for natural resources, corruption, armed conflict and environmental destruction

2015: 27 August 2015: Between 2002 and 2013, at least 448 environmentalists were killed in Brazil, according to Global Witness

2016: 4 March 2016: New data of Global Witness on the murder rate of environmental and land activists in Honduras, the highest in the world, for taking a stand against destructive dam, mining, logging and agriculture projects - 20 June 2016: 2015 became deadliest year for environmental activists, as at least 185 activists were killed, anti-mining activities were the most deadly with 42 deaths related to protests, according to 'Global Witness' - 21 October 2016: As last year was the deadliest on record for environmental campaigners and more than three people were killed each week in 2015 by police, private security or hired assassins, states and investors must take steps to tackle this human rights crisis, UN special rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders Michel Forst says in a report for the UN general assembly

2017/2018: 2 February 2018: 197 people killed last year for defending land, wildlife or natural resources, new Global Witness data reveals - 2 March 2018: As the Guardian and Global Witness revealed that almost four environmental defenders were murdered every week in 2017, War on Want learned of two more killings through our Latin American partner organisations - 19 mars 2018: En 2017, près de 200 personnes, activistes, leaders indigènes, scientifiques ou simples villageois, ont été tuées pour avoir voulu protéger l’environnement, première responsable l’industrie agroalimentaire, selon Global Witness

Extinction risk from global warming - Habitat destruction is the process in which natural habitat is rendered unable to support the species present, habitat destruction by human activity is mainly for the purpose of harvesting natural resources for industry production and urbanization - Overexploitation refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns

2016: 14/16 September 2016: Humanity is driving an unprecedented extinction of sealife unlike any in the fossil record, hunting and killing larger species in a way that will disrupt ocean ecosystems for millions of years, scientists have found - 27 October 2016: World facing biggest mass extinction since dinosaurs, with two thirds of animals wiped out in 50 years, report by the World Wildlife Fund and the Zoological Society of London says

Colony collapse disorder causes significant economic losses because many agricultural crops worldwide are pollinated by honey bees - List of crop plants pollinated by bees

2010: 2 May 2010: Fears for crops as shock figures from America show scale of bee catastrophe

2017 global contamination by bee-harming pesticides: 5 October 2017: Honey tests reveal global contamination by bee-harming pesticides, as neonicotinoid insecticides are found in 75% of global honey samples and half contain a cocktail of chemicals - 6 October 2017: Nerve agents in honey

Poaching, the illegal hunting, killing, or capturing of wild animals, usually associated with land use rights - Illegal wildlife trade over the world - Wildlife smuggling

2015: 19 June 2015: The rate of extinction for species in the 20th century was up to 100 times higher than it would have been without man’s impact, scientists say in their study 'Accelerated modern human–induced species losses'

2016: 12 August 2016: Elephants on the path to extinction as the world’s population of elephants is nearing a critical point - 3 October 2016: A bid to give the highest level of international legal protection to all African elephants was defeated at a 'Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species' global wildlife summit of 182 nations in Johannesburg, after the EU played a pivotal role in blocking the proposal, which was fought over by rival groups of African nations - 8 December 2016: Giraffes facing extinction after suffering a devastating decline in numbers resulting from illegal hunting, habitat destruction, changes through expanding agriculture and mining, deforestation, pollution and civil wars, with nearly 40% of giraffes lost in the last 30 years, according to the latest IUCN 'red list' analysis

Environmental effects of urbanization - Urban heat island is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities

Urban ecology, the scientific study of the relation of living organisms with each other and their surroundings in the context of an urban environment - Sustainable urbanism

Urban planning - Urban design

Architecture - Herrschaftsarchitektur (ruling-class architecture) - Skyscraper - Sustainable architecture

Population on the earth seven billion on 31 October 2011 - UN sets out challenges in 2011 report - UN Global Sustainability Panel (January 2012)

Since 1945/1946 UN Security Council - UN Security Council (Website) - List of members of the UN Security Council and members of Regional Groups

May 2014 193 UN member states and regional groups: As of May 2014 192 of the 193 UN member states are divided into five regional groups including the African Group, with 54 member states, the Asia-Pacific Group, with 53 member states, the Eastern European Group, with 23 member states, the Latin American and Caribbean Group, with 33 member states and the Western European and Others Group WEOG, with 28 member states, plus 1 member state USA as an observer state

UN Security Council subsidiary organs - UN Security Council mandates - UN Military Staff Committee, a Security Council subsidiary body whose role, as defined by the UN Charter, is to plan UN military operations and assist in the regulation of armaments - Since 2005 UN Peacebuilding Commission - Vetoed UN Security Council resolutions

Timeline of the UN Security Council's resolutions - UN Security Council resolutions by year

1960 UN resolution 138 following Argentine complaint: In June 1960, after a complaint that the transfer of Adolf Eichmann to Israel from Argentina constituted a violation of the latter's sovereignty, UN Security Council declared in its resolution 138, approved by eight votes, that such acts could endanger international peace and security and requested that Israel make the appropriate reparation in accordance with the UN Charter, but Israel held the view that the matter was beyond the Council's competence and should instead be settled via direct bilateral negotiations, as the capture of Eichmann caused alarm at the USA's CIA and West German Bundesnachrichtendienst, which had known for at least two years that Eichmann was hiding in Argentina, but did not act, fearing what Eichmann might say in his testimony about West German national security advisor CDU Hans Globke, who had coauthored several antisemitic Nazi laws, according to documents declassified in 2006, also revealing that both agencies had used some of Eichmann's former Nazi colleagues to spy on European countries

2011: 28. April 2011: UN uneins gegen Assad - 4. Juni 2011: Blutbad im syrischen Hama - 9 June 2011: European nations demand UN resolution condemning Syria's violent actions - 3. August 2011: Keine UN-Resolution zu Syrien - China, Indien und Rußland blockieren

Since 2011 vetoed UN Security Council resolutions on Syria, vetoed by Russia and China: List of vetoed UN Security Council resolutions on Syria, vetoed by Russia and China since 2011

September 2015: 3 September 2015: Russia delaying start of Syria chemical weapons probe - 7 September 2015: UN's Ban Ki-moon admits that the UN security council is failing Syria, urging Russia and China to stop blocking proposals to end a conflict that has cost hundreds of thousands of lives and driven the biggest refugee exodus in a generation - 11 September: UN to hold inquiry on Syria chemical attacks, diplomats say, as new evidence of Syria chemical attacks emerges - 18 September: UN Security Council expresses 'grave concern' over Jerusalem violence and is calling for restraint and calm - 23 September: USA has warned that Russia’s continued blanket use of its UN veto will jeopardise the security council’s long-term legitimacy and could lead the USA and like-minded countries to bypass it as a decision-making body

October 2015: 1 October: United Nations veto ban proposal gains support, as some 75 countries in Europe, Africa, Latin America and Asia have already backed the proposal - 2 October: Syrian Coalition's Khoja calls on UNSC for taking immediate action to stop Russia’s brutal air raids on Damascus, Homs, and Hama, where civilian homes, hospitals, and mosques are destroyed by these attacks - 14 October 2015: The head of the UN women’s agency Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka is criticising the low level of women’s inclusion at peace tables, 15 years after a landmark UN resolution that called for women to be included in decision-making positions at every level of peacemaking and peace building - 16 October: Ukraine elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council - 16 October: Security Council to hold emergency talks on Jerusalem violence - 16 October: At Security Council meeting, Israel rejects any international intervention at Temple Mount - 16 October: DRC's Julienne Lusenge addressed the security council saying that seven years earlier she described to the council the rapes, murders and massacres ravaging her country, asking for action, and in 2015 almost nothing had changed and neither research on the benefits of female involvement for peace-building nor a UN resolution have ended the routine exclusion of women from negotiations - 21 October: Syrian Coalition calls on the UN Security Council to take 'firm and effective' action to stop the Russian aggression on the Syrian people following the horrible massacre committed by the Russian air force yesterday in rural Latakia where 80 people were killed - 22 October: Britain, France, Germany and the USA asked UN Security Council sanctions committee to investigate Iran’s recent missile test on October 10, branding it a serious violation of UN resolutions - 24 October 2015: France will submit a new draft resolution to the UN Security Council calling on the Assad regime to stop using barrel bombs as well as condemning other 'indiscriminate attacks' against civilians - 27 October: UNSC must condemn Russia’s targeting of civilians and hospitals in Syria, Syrian Coalition says, stating that Russian airstrikes have killed 1,511 civilians, including women and children as of October 26

November 2015: 2 November 2015: Assad regime’s air force is dropping dozens of barrel bombs on areas across Syria, just one day after Russia's ambassador to the UN Vitaly Churkin’s announcement that the Assad regime stopped the use of barrel bombs - 2 November 2015: 'Doctors Without Borders' is urging the permanent member states of the UN Security Council to comply with the responsibility to protect mandate to stop the escalating aerial massacres in Syria as quickly as possible - 10 November: Security Council must condemn Russia’s use of cluster bombs against populated areas in many villages and towns, Syrian Coalition demands - 11 November: Syrian Coalition calls on the UN Security Council to include the militant groups trained and funded by Iran, most notably Hezbollah, Abu al Fadl al Abbas Brigade, Fatimiyoun Brigade and Zainabiyon Brigade on the lists terrorist organizations - 17 November 2015: UN's Ban Ki-moon renews calls that the situation in Syria be referred to the International Criminal Court in the 21st report he submitted to the UN Security Council - 21 novembre 2015: Le Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU a adopté à l'unanimité une résolution française qui permet de 'prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires' pour combattre le groupe Etat islamique, une semaine après les attentats à Paris

December 2015: 5 December: USA to lead UN Security Council meeting on terror financing - 8 December: China and Russia oppose UN council meeting on human rights in North Korea accused by a UN inquiry, which has the backing of the nine council members Chile, France, Jordan, Lithuania, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain, UK and the USA - 9 December 2015: The Syrian Coalition calls upon the UN Security Council to intervene immediately to stop bombing of civilians and hospitals by both Assad and Russia - 12 December: USA accuses Russian regime of attempting to suppress public discussion of facts about the nearly two-year-old agression against Ukraine - 12 December: Syrian Coalition sends letter to the UNSC condemning Russia’s escalating attacks on FSA and civilians, including public markets, bakeries, and residential buildings - 16 December: Iran violated sanctions with missile test, capable of delivering nuclear weapons, says UN panel - 18 December 2015: UN Security Council adopts resolution to cut off Islamic State terrorists funding with measures such as asset freeze, travel ban and arms embargo, targeting corrupt states, banks and organizations - 18 December 2015 UN Security Council Resolution 2254 concerning the conflict in Syria - 19 December 2015: UN security council adopts resolution on Syrian peace process calling for the UN to present the council with options for monitoring a ceasefire within one month, as Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carry out more airstrikes in Lattakia province, killing more children, in Aleppo province, killing civilians, in Idlib province, trargeting the city of Jeser al-Shogour west, killing at least 7 children and 7 women in a massacre, one of them pregnant, and again in Idlib province, targeting the town of al-Najiyyah and as a group of protesters, some holding Syrian revolutionary flags, gather in front of UN headquarters, harbouring Russian regime's Lavrov and Assad regime's Jaafari - 21 December 2015: Russian airstrikes on Idlib, targeting health and public services centers as well as apartment buildings in the city center, killing 50 civilians and wounding 170 others, violates UNSC resolution 2254, Syrian Coalition says - 22 December 2015: After less than 48 hours since the Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 2254, the Assad regime and Russian forces jointly escalated their war on civilians across Syria, killing innocent men, women and children through indiscriminate aerial attacks, the Council was briefed on the humanitarian situation in Syria for the twenty-third time since the adoption of resolution 2139 in February 2014, only leading to an increase in civilian death and a worsening of Syria’s humanitarian situation - 23 Decembert 2015: Amnesty International says Russian air strikes in Syria may amount to war crimes after gathering reports on hundreds of civilians killed in their homes, medical facilities and other public spaces - 23 December 2015: Assad regime forces targeted Moadamiya with sarin-filled shells, killing ten people, including women and children, and injuring over 30 others in another war crime condemned by the Syrian Coalition calling upon the UN Security Council for measures under Chapter VII - 25 December 2015: Amnesty International responds to Russia's denial of committing war crimes in Syria, saying that the organization has compelling evidence that Russian airstrikes targeted civilians in markets, hospitals, mosques and populated areas and evidence of the use of cluster bombs

January 2016: 7 January 2016: UN Security council meets over 'clear threat to international peace', but fails to agree on immediate measures against North Korean regime after it claimed to have tested a hydrogen bomb, which triggered seismic shocks around the region - 8 January 2016: Failure to enforce UN Security Council resolutions encourages Assad to starve civilians, Syrian Coalition says in a letter - 14/15 January 2016: Security Council calls emergency meeting on Syria to lift sieges on towns where hundreds of thousands have been cut off from aid and many are starving amid lack of will to bring about political transition in Syria - 18 January 2016: UN Security Council's inaction emboldens Assad to violate UN resolutions and to use starvation as a weapon of war, Syrian Coalition says, as more civilians including an entire family of 12 members were killed in Russian airstrikes on Syria on Sunday - 22 January: Syrian Coalition says, that 'the Assad regime’s siege and bombardment of civilians violate UN Security Council resolutions...(and that) Assad has been committing these crimes under military and political cover by Russia

February 2016: 7 February 2016: South Korea, USA and Japan are requesting an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, after North Korea fired long range rocket despite UN ban - 7 February 2016: UN security council condemns North Korea rocket launch, promising to take punitive steps - 9 February 2016: Mass deaths of detainees in Syrian Government jails amounts to crime of 'extermination', UN commission of inquiry on Syria says in its report calling on the UN security council to impose sanctions against Syrian officials in the civilian and military hierarchy responsible for or complicit in deaths, torture and disappearances in custody - 18 February: UN's Ban Ki-moon tells Security Council that states and regimes must choose between implementing ceasefire or continuing to 'pursue the bankrupt logic of a military victory' - 20 February: In a letter to the UN Security Council Syrian Coalition's President Khoja condemns Russia’s latest attacks on Aleppo and its deliberate targeting of Syrian hospitals, medical facilities and schools, demands the immediate withdrawal of Russian forces from Syrian territory and also calls for ensuring accountability for all committed war crimes - 22 February: At least 19,947 barrel bombs have been dropped by the Assad regime on rebel-held areas across Syria since the adoption of UN Security Council resolution 2139 on 22 February 2014, SNHR says - 22 February 2016: War crimes in Syria's five-year-old conflict are widespread and Syrian government forces and Islamic State militants continue to commit crimes against humanity in the face of inaction by the international community, UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry says in its latest report - 25 February: Syrian Coalition urges UN Security Council to condemn the recent escalation of aerial bombardment on Aleppo, to break the sieges across Syria, finitely protect civilians from indiscriminate aerial bombardment, and ensure accountability for war crimes - 27 February: In response to the UN Security Council’s adoption of resolution 2268 on the 'cessation of hostiles' in Syria, the Syrian Coalition supports efforts to protect civilians and to achieve a political solution away from Assad - 27 February: Callng on the UN Security Council to respond to the Assad regime’s violations of the ceasefire agreement, the Syrian Coalition says that the Assad regime bombed 15 rebel-held areas across Syria with heavy machine-guns, artillery and barrel bombs in Damascus, Rural Damascus, Daraa, Aleppo, Homs, Hama and Lattakia province - 29 February: In a letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Syrian opposition is warning attacks by Russian warplanes backing government forces are threatening fragile truce

March 2016: 3 March 2016: After the UN security council approved the toughest sanctions against North Korean regime in two decades over its nuclear and rocket tests, it fires a volley of short-range missiles into the sea off its east coast - 13 March: UN adopts resolution on combating sex crimes by its peacekeepers - 13 March: Israel calls for world powers to take 'immediate punitive steps' against Iran following its ballistic missile tests last week, adding that it would be 'a test for the powers' ability to enforce the 2015 nuclear agreement - 18 March: Russia's illegal annexation of Ukraine's Crimea on the agenda at closed-door UN Security Council meeting, as Crimean Tatar leader Dzhemilev calls for increase in sanctions against Russian regime and as human rights abuses in Crimea under Russian occupation are revealed in seperate meetings - 30 March: By launching nuclear-capable missiles Iran has defied a UN Security Council resolution that endorsed last year's historic nuclear deal, the USA and its European allies say in a joint letter

April 2016: 26 April 2016: Security Council asks UN's Secretary-General to submit a broad plan within 30 days detailing how his Yemen envoy can help the warring Yemeni parties move towards peace - 29 April: Ukraine's Vadym Prystaiko said at a meeting of the UN Security Council that the Russian Federation had concentrated a 34,000-strong hybrid military force in the occupied part of Donbas

Environmental law and international environmental agreements: Environmental law by subject and country - International environmental law - Environmental impact assessment - Environmental protection agencies - International environmental agreement - List of international environmental agreements

List of environmental lawsuits: List of environmental lawsuits

Renewable resource - Non-renewable resource - Exploitation of natural resources - Natural resource management - Sustainable development - Participation

Greenpeace: Greenpeace, non-governmental environmental organization founded by Canadian activists in 1971 with offices in over 40 countries, with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, and stating its goal is to 'ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity' and focusing its campaigning on worldwide issues such as climate change, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling, genetic engineering, and anti-nuclear issues - Greenpeace international website and latest updates - Greenpeace news

United Nations Secretariat and Secretary-General of the United Nations - UN Secretary-General selection - a candidate must receive the votes of at least 9 members of the UN Security Council, with no vetoes from permanent members, and a majority vote of the UN General Assembly, but the General Assembly has never refused to appoint the person recommended by the Security Council - 1 May 2016: Despite the alleged truce and the data of Mistura, 3,116 people including 859 civilians were killed during the second month of it, documented by the SOHR during the month of April - 2 May: Russian regime offering the Syrian people 'two hard choices', accepting Assad’s terms or the bombing and destruction of whole cities and vital civilian facilities, Syrian Coalition's Nyrabia says, as Russian regime is directly involved in the massacres, also bombing hospitals as strategy of war - 3 May: Russia deceiving international community to keep Assad in power, Syrian Coalition’s Nora al-Ameer says - 6 May: Assad regime accused of bombing a Syrian refugee camp near Sarmada, a town in Idlib province, that left dozens of civilians dead and wounded and the camp in ruins, with one witness describing a scene of horror, with tents on fire and body parts strewn around the area - 6 May: Syrian Coalition urges UN to visit Hama prison, warns of imminent massacre - 6 May: Assad regime forces prevent UN aid convoys from entering the district of Al-Waer in Homs - 9 May: Syrian Coalition's Abu Hatab slams international community’s reluctance to establish no-fly zone to protect hospitals, as health services in the liberated areas have seriously deteriorated as a result of the continued deliberate targeting of hospitals and medical facilities by regime and Russian forces - 11 May: During meeting with Friends of Syria Group in Paris Riyad Hijab says that the political process can only continue by immediately and unconditionally implementing UN resolutions related to the cessation of violence - 11 May: Assad continues to bomb Aleppo, as UN investigators demand halt to attacks on civilians, as 10 people, including women and children, are killed in airstrikes by regime forces on the town of Binnish in rural Idlib and Alzoabi says that Russia and USA are unable to stop Assad’s crimes - 14 May 2016: Assad regime and Russian forces stepped up airstrikes on rural Idlib, concentrated on populated areas and vital civilian facilities on Friday, killing 20 civilians and injuring at least 35 - 16 May: International Syria Support Group ISSG should raise Russia’s aggression during next meeting in Vienna on Tuesday, Riad Nassan Agha says - 19 May: Alzoabi says that the statements made by the Assad regime and its allies on a political solution in Syria are just a smokescreen behind which they hide their real intentions and plans - 21 May: Russia is offering the Syrian people a choice between Assad or continued killings, head of the opposition’s negotiation delegation Alzoabi says, criticizing the role of the UN's Mistura in the negotiations, saying Mistura listens to decisions by Russia and the USA and serves the interests of major powers - 24 Mai 2016: Assad regime continues to block aid convoys to besieged civilians, UN's Dujarric says - 25 May: Forming a transitional governing body will help defeat terror in Syria, Syrian coalition's Hisham Marwa says - 29 May: Fears of UN reversal over aid airdrops plan to send food and urgent medicine to besieged towns in Syria, as British MP's ask whether the words of the international community are meant to mean anything - 30 May: Chief negotiator of Syria's main opposition umbrella group Mohammed Allush resigns over the failure of UN-backed peace talks, the continued shelling of rebel-held areas by al-Assad's regime, and over 'international community’s lack of seriousness'

June 2016: 1 June 2016: Russia blamed for overnight strikes which targeted two hospitals and other parts of Idleb city, killing scores including several children, in the latest incident in a systematic aerial campaign against medical personnel and facilities that has gone unpunished despite its intensification over the last year and a half - 1 June 2016: Hospitals are now normal targets of war, Médecins Sans Frontières' Michiel Hofman says, describing permanent members of the UN security council as complicit in killings - 1 June 2016: Sources from Idlib province have confirmed that Russian air forces were responsible for targeting Idlib Monday 30 May, killing and injuring scores while causing destruction to vital infrastructure - 2 June: Syrian opposition has proposed a nationwide truce on the occasion of Ramadan, as a UN aid convoy entered the besieged towns of Daraya and Moadamiya, reaching besieged suburb of the Syrian capital in a first delivery since 2012, but according to reports 'there is no indication that there is a true move towards loosening the sieges and allowing an end to the starvation strategy' - 6 June 2016: At least 53 civilians, including women and children, were killed and many more wounded in intense bombardment of Aleppo by the Assad regime and Russian forces on Sunday - 13 June: Russia’s continued aggression on Syria disrupted Geneva negotiations, Syrian Coalition says in Brussels - 17 June 2016: 80 civilians killed by Russian airstrikes on Aleppo despite 48-hour truce, Syrian Coalition says that Russian regime has lost its credibility as a sponsor of negotiations and that the regime proves day after day it cannot claim to be a guarantor of the political process as it is directly complicit in the crimes and terrorism perpetrated against the Syrian people - 24 June 2016: UN urged to protect Syrian civilians from Russian incendiary bombs - 27 June 2016: Syrian Coalition's Muwaffaq Nyrabiya says, UN reluctance to hold Assad accountable risks shattering political process - 28 June 2016: UK envoy to Syria Bayley says reports of Russian strikes on civilian areas constitute a violation of the UN-backed cessation of hostilities agreement, as Russian warplanes continue to target Deir-ez-Zor civilians

July 2016: 18 July 2016: Syrian Coalition's Maktabi says that the USA continues to ignore the terror practiced by the Russians in cooperation with the Iranians and the Assad regime in Syria, criticizing the absence of the international will to hold the Assad regime accountable for the war crimes and the inability of the international community to stop those crimes - 19 juillet 2016: Près de 60 civils, dont 11 enfants, morts et des dizaines de blessés mardi dans des raids de la coalition menée par les Etats-Unis près du village d'al-Toukhar tenu par Daech dans la province d'Alep, selon l'OSDH - 19 July 2016: As at least 500 civilians were killed in aerial attacks by the Assad regime and Russia forces on Aleppo and its countryside between 11-19 July mainly directed on the rebel-held areas, Syrian Coalition's Yahya says that the Syrian people lost confidence in the international community as more get killed every day - 22 July 2016: Asa’ad Alzoabi says the Hezbollah militias have been recruiting children to fight alongside the Assad regime, calling on the international community to take action in order to stop the flow of foreign fighters to Syria - 25 July: Bombing of hospitals by Assad and Russian regime disprove claims they agree to political solution, Syrian Coalition's Steifo says - 26 July 2016: Russian warplanes fired vacuum missiles and cluster bombs at residential neighborhoods, hitting Atareb's main hospital and medicine stores and wounding 45 more people - 26 July 2016: Syrian Coalition's Alabdah calls on International Syria Support Group to take urgent action after regime and Russian air forces escalated their attacks with systematic targeting of vital civilian infrastructure; particularly medical facilities - 28 July 2016: 5,188 civilians killed since start of 'Cessation of Hostilities', SNHR says - 28 July 2016: The regime forces with full Russian air cover control the entire factories of Leiramon and large parts of Bani Zaid neighborhood north of Aleppo, as Assad's helicopters also dropped barrel bombs on areas at Bab al-Hadid neighborhood - 31 July: UN's Syria envoy urges Russia to leave so called 'humanitarian corridors' to UN - 31 July 2016: Four new-born babies reportedly killed after a recent triple airstrike, which aid workers said came from Syrian government warplanes, hit besieged Aleppo’s last children’s hospital run by a group of Syrian doctors, the Independent Doctors’ Association, and backed by the charity Unicef

August 2016: 1 August 2016: Syrian Coalition's Bashar says that the international community standing by as Russian and Assad regimes destroy Aleppo - 8 August 2016: Russian warplanes are attacking the town of Saraqeb, its vicinity and countryside until today with more than 105 airstrikes causing destruction of homes, schools, public facilities, institutions of electricity and water and medical points, leaving four casualties at least including a child, and about 70 wounded - 8 August 2016: Hospital supported by Doctors Without Borders in rebel-held northern province of Idlib that specialized in pediatrics hit by series of airstrikes in broad daylight, leaving four staff and five children dead and injuring six other hospital staff members - 8 August 2016: Continuous airstrikes target Aleppo, its countryside and outskirts, causing casualties and wounded people - 25 August 2016: Special Advisor Jan Egeland says UN ready to send aid to Aleppo at any time, waiting for ceasefire - 27 August 2016: Syrian Coalition condemns forced displacement of Daraya residents as the spokesman for the local council in Darya F. Mohammed points out that Mistura's statement regarding the evacuation of Daraya is aimed at evading responsibility to protect the people of Daraya and preventing their forced displacement by the Assad regime, adding that the UN and Mistura chose to remain silent about the regime’s torching of Daraya farmlands, its deliberate bombing of its only field hospital, and its use of incendiary napalm against residential neighborhoods in the district - 31 August: Syrian Coalition calls for inquiry into UN dealings with the Assad regime following corruption revelations

September 2016: 1 September 2016: Women of Syria, a strong constituency for peace, says Insaf Hamad, member of the first-ever Women’s Advisory Board, composed of 12 independent civil society representatives from diverse backgrounds, who consult regularly with the UN Special Envoy for Syria, raising matters that are missing from the agenda and providing recommendations to assist the peace talks - 7 September: After Assad's helicopters dropped several barrel bombs filled with the toxic chlorine gas on the Aleppo neighborhood of Alsukkari Syrian Coalition says that the international community’s silence on Assad’s crimes has encouraged the regime to use chemical weapons against unarmed civilians over again - 8 September: Opposition sets out three-phase plan for political solution in Syria - 10 September: Putin-Assad forces renew terror attacks in Syria hours after USA-Russia deal, as 'Bellingcat' journalists document that Russian regime lied about its noninvolvement in the 17 August bombing of Al-Qaterji district in Aleppo city, that wounded five-year-old Omran Daqneesh and killed his brother - 13 September 2016: In breach of the agreement to allow unhindered access, Syrian Assad regime is blocking aid from entering eastern Aleppo, claims UN - 15 September 2016: Aleppo Local Council rejects presence of Russian forces on Castello Road, saying presence is not acceptable due to its lack of neutrality - 15 September: UN's Mistura admits 'we have a problem' on getting humanitarian aid into Syria, despite the USA-Russia brokered deal - 16 September: Aid delivery into besieged areas does not require regime’s consent and requests by UN's Mistura 'for the regime’s approval to go ahead with the delivery of aid contravenes the UN Security Council resolutions on Syria and renders the cessation of hostilities agreement meaningless', Syrian Coalition says - 16 September: Syrian Coalition's Yahya says that absence of punishment encourages Assad regime and its allies to violate ceasefire agreements, as SCHR says that at least 129 civilians were killed across Syria between 12-15 September, including 78 civilians killed as a result of bombardment by the Russian and regime forces - 19 septembre: L'ONU déplore le blocage d'un convoi d'aide pour les habitants des quartiers est d'Alep à la frontière turco-syrienne pendant la semaine de trêve - 20 September 2016: USA blames Russia after UN aid convoy in Syria targeted by air attack and UN official says 'inexplicable' attack could amount to a war crime if bombing which killed aid workers proved to be deliberate - 20 September 2016: Red Cross president says attack on UN and Red Crescent convoy delivering supplies is unacceptable violation of international law and UN suspends all aid convoy movements in Syria after airstrike

October 2016: 6 October 2016: Eastern Aleppo could be destroyed by Christmas if the 'cruel, constant' Russian-backed bombing of the Syrian city continues, UN Syria envoy says warning of 'another Srebrenica, another Rwanda' and offering to personally escort Islamist fighters out of city to halt bombing - 13 October 2016: USA Secretary of State John Kerry plans to meet Russian regime's FM Sergey Lavrov in Switzerland on 15 October and to try once again to reach an agreement on a cessation of violence in Syria and renewal of humanitarian help deliveries, as several countries call the USA and the EU to add more sanctions against Russian regime and as rescue workers say, that 145 people, including many children, are killed in last two days of Russian/Assad bombing of Syria's Aleppo - 15 octobre 2016: Négociations à Lausanne, Alep sous les bombes - 15 October 2016: Syria talks with Russian regime, including envoys from Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, in Lausanne's lakeside 'Beau-Rivage' hosted by USA's John Kerry end without agreement, highlighting once again the world’s inability to tackle Assad's, Russian and Iranian crimes against humanity and to find a peaceful path out of a conflict with as many as half a million murdered people, followed by Europe’s worst refugee crisis since the second world war, and that has created a vast space of instability that also 'Islamic State', another terrorist group, has exploited - 18 October 2016: USA and UK reject a Russian and Assad regime offer of a temporary 'pause' on airstrikes in Aleppo as the basis for reopening talks, saying there has to be a credible and durable ceasefire that should initially last as long as 48 hours, as the UN humanitarian spokesman says that relief workers need longer than eight hours to help extricate the injured and Syrian Coalition’s Michel Kilo says that Russia’s announcement of a so-called eight-hour 'humanitarian pause' in Aleppo is a gimmick aimed at crushing the FSA and rebels’ resistance and quashing the revolution - 20 October 2016: UN proposal on Aleppo 'flawed', and made amid mass forced displacement operations around Damascus, Syrian Coalition says - 21 October: Aleppo ceasefire at risk after Russian regime says all rebels can be eliminated - 31 October 2016: Syrian Coalition's Abdul Ilah Fahd criticizes de Mistura's remarks about Aleppo FSA and rebel offensive, describing these remarks as biased and a form of 'double standards'

November 2016: 1 November 2016: At least 1,106 people, including 791 civilians, were killed in attacks by the Assad regime and Russian forces across Syria in October 2016, SNHR says - 2 November 2016: Syrian Coalition's Riad Hijab slams Russia's defense minister's remarks about postponing political solution 'indefinitely’ - 3 November: FSA reaffirms commitment to civilian protection against the barbaric onslaught by the Assad regime and its allies, and denies allegations about attacks on civilians in Aleppo - 14 November 2016: Syrian Coalition stresses the need for a new, comprehensive, and integrated strategy to protect civilians in Syria through cessation of hostilities and the establishment of no-bombing zones - 16 November 2016: New report by human rights group SNHR claims Assad regime is responsible for the death of 188,729 civilians, over 90% of all victims from nearly six years of war in Syria, also saying that the responsibility for war crimes also moved just weeks after the outbreak of the popular uprising in Syria in 2011 to the international community, to take collective measures in accordance with Articles 41 and 42 of the UN charter, but did not lift a finger because of Russian and Chinese protection for the Syrian regime - 16 November 2016: Bringing the total number of hospitals targeted by Russian warplanes on Monday in Aleppo's countryside to three, Russian murderous air strikes are targeting and destroying the Baghdad hospital, killing and wounding dozens and burying others under the rubble, while civil defense forces are working to lift the rubble to save the survivors and remove the corpses - 16 November 2016: Canadian FM Stephane Dion welcomes Syrian opposition leader for talks as meetings are touching on ways to circumvent Russia's veto power at the UNSC in order to end the bloodshed of Syrian civilians - 18 November 2016: Syrian Coalition’s Osama Taljo expresses surprise at the silence of the UN envoy to Syria Staffan de Mistura over the war crimes that the Assad regime and the Russians are committing in Aleppo - 21 November 2016: The Council of Free Aleppo Governorate calls upon the UN and human rights organizations to assume their responsibilities towards the protection of civilians in Aleppo from the fierce bombing campaign by the Assad regime and Russia forces - 21 November 2016: At a meeting with French FM Jean-Marc Ayrault Syrian Coalition's Hijab stresses that the brutal onslaught on Aleppo by Assad and its Russian and Iranian allies are war crimes and crimes against humanity, calling upon the international community to assume its duty to stop Assad and Russia’s massacres in Syria - 24 November 2016: Residents and a group of activists including doctors and civil servants from Aleppo's rebel-held areas urged the international community to make airdrops of humanitarian aid to put an end to the siege the Assad regime and its allies have imposed on the city for nearly three months - 28 November 2016: Syrian Coalition urges international action to end Assad regime's siege of Al-Tal saying threat must not be ignored as Assad regime has already proven willingness to commit crimes of unimaginable proportions to achieve its goals

December 2016: 1 December 2016: Over 400,000 displaced in Aleppo after tens of thousands more flee, UN's special envoy Mistura says, as Assad's and Russian regimes decline UN request for a pause in fighting to evacuate 400 sick and wounded in need of immediate treatment - 3 December 2016: Syrian Coalition's Abdul Ahad Steifo stresses the urgent need for the resumption of the political process through negotiations in Geneva and the enforcement of UN resolutions, especially the humanitarian provisions that call for an end to the bombing, lifting the sieges, the delivery of aid to civilians in need, and the release of detainees - 9 December: Russia has not halted military operations in besieged eastern Aleppo despite Russia’s claims of a pause, as 'Doctors of the World’ slams international silence over ongoing atrocities against Syrian civilians - 11 December 2016: USA's Kerry denounced Russian and Assad 'war crimes’ in Syria after new round of talks in Paris, before USA and Russian officials once again will convene in Geneva - 13 December 2016: Urgent calls to save Aleppo civilians as UN voices alarm over atrocity reports, and as residents are giving account that 'people are under the rubble alive and no one can save them, some people are injured in the streets and no one can go to help them, the cries and fear of women and children heard from the streets' - 13 December 2016: At least 82 civilians, including 11 women and 13 children, in four different neighborhoods of eastern Aleppo have been killed by Assad regime troops and allied Iraqi militia, 'being shot in the street trying to flee and shot in their homes', UN says - 14 December 2016: Residents still await evacuation of east Aleppo, which the UN said had endured a brutal 'meltdown of humanity' as forces loyal to Bashar al-Assad rampaged through newly reclaimed districts reportedly carrying out extrajudicial killings - 17 December 2016: 'The carnage in Syria remains a gaping hole in the global conscience, Aleppo is now a synonym for hell' says UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, as terrified residents cram on buses for journey into the unknown - 18 December 2016: Thousands of Aleppo residents in limbo as transport fails to arrive, and as a senior Syrian rebel blames Iran and its Shia militias of holding up the evacuation of civilians - 27 December 2016: UN says situation of Aleppo evacuees catastrophic as regime and allies mass forces to attack western rural Aleppo - 30 December 2016: Syrian Coalition calls for stopping attempts by the Assad regime and its Iranian ally to sabotage ceasefire agreement as over 30 violations of the agreement by Assad and the Iranian-backed foreign militias have been recorded

2016/2017: 10 February 2017: At least 162 rescue workers have so far lost their lives while performing their humanitarian duty in search and rescue operations among the rubble of buildings destroyed by the Assad regime and Russian forces in 2016, according to the Syrian Civil Defense's 3rd Annual Conference

January 2017: 2 January 2016: Assad regime and Russia must respect ceasefire in Barada Valley, FSA spokesman Osama Abazeid says - 5 January 2017: Syrian Coalition denounces Russian attempts to interfere in representation of the Syrian people - 6 January 2017: Assad regime forces and the Iranian-backed militias committed no fewer than 251 breaches of the nationwide ceasefire in its first week, according to Syrian Coalition - 7 January 2017: Activists in Deir Ezzor call for sparing civilians and ceasing the bombing of the city, denying claims that civilians in the city constitute a social base for Islamic State terrorists - 24 janvier: Le mécanisme trilatéral, sur lequel viennent de se mettre d'accord la Russie, la Turquie et l'Iran, sera destiné à surveiller l'application du cessez-le-feu en Syrie, selon un agence de presse - 30 January 2017: Mass forced displacement of Wadi Barada residents violates truce and is a crime against humanity, Syrian Coalition says - 31 January: Syrian Coalition records 911 truce violations by Assad regime in 1st month - 31 January 2017: Assad regime and Iran continue to violate truce as Russia renege on its pledges, Syrian Coalition's Fahd says

February 2017: 1 February 2017: UN postpones Syria political talks until 20 February, as Mistura alleges that the cease-fire is broadly working 'quite effectively', and as SOHR documented since the 24th of August 2016, the date of the entry of Turkish forces into Syria, the death of 3,231 Syrian civilians by Russian, Assad and Turkish airstrikes, including 784 children and 436 citizen women - 12 février 2017: L'opposition syrienne a présenté les 21 membres d'une délégation unifiée, dont dix représentants des rebelles, qui se rendront à Genève pour les pourparlers de paix prévus le 20 février - 14 February 2017: Regime forces and the Iranian-backed militias continue to violate the ceasefire agreement in many areas across Syria, as UN says attacks were the bloodiest since truce took effect - 16 February: Opposition's official media claims nation-wide ceasefire at risk of total collapse due to Russia's support for regime bombardment of the southern Syrian province, which has killed 47 people in past three days - 17 February: UN's Jan Egeland calls to allow aid convoys to reach besieged and hard-to-reach areas of Syria, critizising that not a single UN-arranged land convoy has reached any of more than a dozen besieged towns or villages this year, citing a lack of approvals from authorities - 20 February: Assad regime forces and the Iranian-backed militias continue to block the entry of aid convoys to Alwaer district in Homs to undermine the political process and to prevent political transition in Syria, Syrian Coalition’s Mohammed Jojah says - 22/23 February: Assad regime and Iranian-backed militias loot UN aid convoy heading to besieged Alwaer district in Homs, as the Syrian Coalition criticizes the failure of the UN to enforce its resolutions - 23 février: Reprise des pourparlers à Genève, peu d'espoir - 27 February 2017: Syrian Opposition's Nasr al-Hariri says Geneva talks must focus on political transition, criticizing the Iranian and Russian violent interference and the international community's silence over the daily crimes that have been committed against the Syrian people for nearly six years now - 28 February: Syrian Opposition's Nasr al-Hariri says that the regime's proposal for a national unity government during the political transition phase is not backed by any previous UN resolutions

March 2017: 1 March 2017: A total of 413 people had been killed across Syria within a week of the start of the fourth round of talks in Geneva, which began on February 20, according to SNHR - 4 March 2017: Sit-in in front of UN Geneva headquarters to support Syrian people’s demands in Geneva talks - 14 March 2017: A total of 488 people have been killed in Syria since the ceasefire agreement was announced in Syria on 29 December, the victims included over 107 children and 56 women, according to SNHR - 25 March 2017: Syrian opposition's HNC discussed in detail the question of a transitional governing body during their first meeting in Geneva with the UN special envoy for Syria Staffan de Mistura

April 2017: 3 April 2017: A total of 1,134 civilians were killed in Syria in March 2017 despite the December 'ceasefire', according to SNHR - 8 April 2017: USA warns Assad over using chemical weapons again, also saying that Russia bears responsibility for Assad's gas attack - 8 April 2017: Syrian Coalition welcomes USA strikes on Shaerat airbase in eastern Homs province, calling for further strikes until Assad is removed from power, as USA Secretary of State Tillerson says that 'steps are underway' with our partners around the world to ultimately remove Bashar al-Assad from power through a political process

May 2017: 3 May 2017: Syrian Coalition condemns the bombing that targeted the headquarters of the Syrian interim government in Azaz in northern Aleppo province, killing at least five civilians and wounding many more - 4 May 2017: Angry delegates leave Astana conference called to announce 'de-escalation' plan agreed by Turkey, Iran and Russia amid the ongoing war led by the Assad, Iranian and Russian regimes against the Syrian people - 6 May 2017: Assad regime forces shell the towns of Kafr Zita and Latamneh and fighter jets fire at the rebel-held village of al-Zalakiyat and nearby positions in the Hama countryside, following a so-called 'safe zones' agreement by Russia, Turkey and Iran, announced to go into effect at midnight on Friday, which evidentially exists only on paper - 12 May 2017: UN demands more details on Syria 'safe zones' deal as some UN members remain skeptical of plan as Security Council reportedly prepares to meet in 'closed session' to debate specifics of the deal - 15 May 2017: The Syrian Kurds will not attend the next round of Geneva talks on Syrian settlement due to Turkey’s anti-Kurdish sentiment - 17 May 2017: Syrian Coalition's Nazir Hakim warns that international inaction towards the Assad regime’s use of chemical and non-conventional weapons against the Syrian people risks creating security threats affecting the whole world, as EU's Federica Mogherini says that accountability for war crimes is key to resolving the conflict in Syria - 19 May 2017: Syrian peace talks in Geneva break up as UN’s special envoy defends himself against charge that talks have become hopelessly bogged down - 24 May 2017: The Syrian National Coalition condemns the Islamic State’s massacre of Syrian civilians in rural Hama, emphasizing that the Assad regime and its allied Iranian militias are fully responsible for the group’s crimes and calling for an alliance of 'civilized world' to tackle threat of Assad regime and all forms of terrorism - 24 May 2017: Assad forces carried out a series of airstrikes on a city that has been declared a safe zone under a recent Russia-sponsored deal, as 12 airstrikes and at least nine barrel bombs hit the city of Daraa

June 2017: 22 June 2017: Meeting with a delegation of British diplomats and talking about the need to support the Syrian Interim Government SIG to be able to provide services to civilians in the liberated areas, to administer the liberated areas and restore security and stability, the Syrian Coalition says that the international community should have courage to admit failure to protect Syrians instead of inventing excuses

August 2017: 1 August 2017: The UN paid at least $18 million in 2016 to companies with close ties to Bashar Al Assad, some of them run by cronies of the Syrian dictator who are on USA and EU blacklists, including 'Syria Trust charity' chaired by Assad’s wife Asma, spending a total of $8.5m though Asma is under both USA and EU sanctions - 3 August 2017: The UN-brokered Syrian peace talks are failing due to external interference and can only be rescued by refocusing on the issue of political transition, a coalition of 160 Syrian civil society groups says in an open letter to the UN’s special envoy - 7 Augut 2017: UN Syria investigator Carla del Ponte quits over lack of political backing - 25 August 2017: UN adviser Jan Egeland urges pause in Raqqa fighting to allow civilians out

September 2017: 6 September 2017: Syrian Coalition urges international community to take action to stop Assad’s ongoing crimes - 6 September 2017: UN appointed French judge Marchi-Uhel vows justice for atrocities in Syria - 27 September 2017: Russia and the Assad regime escalate bombing on all liberated areas in violation of ceasefire agreements, as a total of 140 civilians were killed and dozens more injured in intensified aerial attacks - 29 September 2017: Syrian Coalition's Salwa Akso warns of the consequences of turning a blind eye to the crimes and killings Russia is committing in Syria, noting that the indiscriminate bombardment 'mainly targets civilians and forces of the revolution with the aim of eliminating them', as UN's Jan Egeland denounces air raids on hospitals and calls for establishing system of notification to prevent attacks on humanitarian facilities in Syria

November 2017: 1 November 2017: Russia’s efforts to broker a Syrian peace deal outside the UN’s Geneva process stumbled on Wednesday after the official Syrian opposition said it would not attend talks planned for later this month - 24 November 2017: Syrian opposition groups, more precisely around 140 opposition figures gathered in Riyadh, agree to send united delegation to Geneva talks, stressing that there should be no place for Bashar al-Assad and his clique at the start of the transitional period in Syria - 28 novembre 2017: Reprise des pourparlers à Genève, mais sans le régime de Damas

December 2017: 1 December 2017: Assad regime's delegation in Geneva has announced its intention to return to Damascus at the end of the week, rejecting 'direct' negotiations with opposition - 14 December 2017: UN special envoy de Mistura blasts Bashar al-Assad, who is ‘unwilling to meet anyone with a different opinion’, as UN-sponsored talks in its eighth round in Geneva collapse - 26 December 2017: Russian-sponsored Sochi conference rejected by around 40 opposition groups on Monday due to intention to bypass Geneva peace process held by UN, also saying that 'Russia is an aggressor country that has committed war crimes against Syrians ... It stood with the regime militarily and defended its politically and over seven years preventing UN condemnation of Assad's regime'

January 2018: 4 January 2018: 120 organisations inside the Working Group for Syria including leading civil society groups are urging UN's Staffan de Mistura not to attend Russian regime sponsored conference set for the end of January, saying it would represent a 'dangerous departure from the (UN-led) Geneva process' - 26 January 2018: Truce of the besieged Eastern Ghouta begins its first hour by the launch of 2 missiles by the regime forces targeting the outskirts of Arbin city - 26 January 2018: After Russia’s 'Thermite' (cluster incendiary bombs) attack today, warplanes bomb again the eastern countryside of Idlib and shelling targets north of Homs - 27 January 2018: Syria opposition to boycott Russian peace talks - 28 January 2018: Authorities in Syria's Kurdish autonomous region said that they will not attend the peace talks in Russia's Sochi next week because of Turkey's offensive against the Kurdish enclave of Afrin - 28 January 2018: The Syrian Negotiations Commission SNC is deeply unhappy that UN's De Mistura will attend Sochi despite boycotts, saying that Russia has no intention of letting the Sochi peace process lead to any political change away from the Assad regime, after preconditions for attendance set by UN's Guterres including the primacy of the UN process have not been met by the Russians - 29 January 2018: Russian and Syrian warplanes escalated their airstrikes on the towns and cities of the Idlib countryside on Sunday, as civilian displacements continue - 30 January 2018: Syria conference in Russia's Sochi has got off to a rocky start after some delegates opposed to Assad refused to leave the airport on arrival until Syrian regime's flags and emblems were removed, and the Russian regime's FM Lavrov was heckled by delegates, accusing Putin regime of killing civilians in Syria with airstrikes - 31 January 2018: Social media sites have ignited with comments on the failure of the Sochi conference, despite 'having a UN representative here', amid ongoing attacks by several murderous regimes in Afrin, Daraa, Idlib and other Syrian provinces - 31 January 2018: The United Nations condemned a recent wave of renewed air strikes on medical centers in rebel-held parts of Syria including most recently one that targeted a hospital of Saraqib in rural Idlib serving 50,000 people, putting it out of action

February 2018: 2 February 2018: The death of 39 civilians, including 8 children and 4 women, in Syria at the hands of Russian and Assad regime during Sochi convention on 29/30 January 2018 documented by SNHR - 2 February 2018: The Syrian opposition rejects the decision by Sochi participants to form a committee on constitutional reform, saying Syria requires a entirely new constitution and not just reforms, meanwhile calling for a cease-fire and for sending humanitarian aid to besieged areas to serve the Geneva political process - 20 February 2018: Panos Moumtzis, the UN's Regional Humanitarian Coordinator for the Syria Crisis, has demanded an end to the targeting of civilians in Syria after a heavy bombardment killed at least 100 civilians in rebel-held Eastern Ghouta

May 2018: 19 May 2018: Participants from 32 countries in a conference in Paris called for holding accountable those involved in the use of chemical weapons around the world, especially in Syria, criticizing Russian regime for using its veto power on the UN Security Council several times to block attempts to hold the Assad regime accountable for dozens of chemical attacks against civilians

August 2018: 1 August 2018: Syrian Negotiations Committee makes the release of all prisoners by Assad's regime a condition to beginning political solution, as situation in Idleb province and the continuation of the 'de-escalation' zones agreement was also discussed - 31 August 2018: Several demonstrations took place in the provinces of Idlib and Aleppo to protest against the Assad regime and its Russian ally’s preparations for a military offensive in the region and against the remarks made by the UN envoy to Syria Staffan de Mistura, calling for a 'humanitarian corridor’ for the evacuation of nearly 4 million, saying that such remarks would help the Assad regime empty the area of its local population and serve the Assad regime's plans for the mass forced displacement and demographic change

September 2018: 1 September 2018: In the crowded towns of Idlib province in Syria’s north-west, up to 3 million people are bracing for imminent attack by Russian forces, as the displaced of Assad’s seven-year war have nowhere left to run - 18 September 2018: Northern Syria's emergency response coordinators say international community should contribute to stability in Syria’s north

United Nations, Russian aggression against Ukraine since 2014, Special Representative in Crimea and observers: 28 February 2014: Ukraine's UN envoy tells UNSC that Russian military helicopters and transport planes are entering his country, and that Russian armed forces seized Crimea airport - 2 March: Ukraine's UN ambassador asked an emergency session of the Security Council 'to do everything possible now' to stop Russian aggression as Russian troops took over Ukraine's Crimea - 5 March 2014: UN special representative Robert Serry to 'end mission in Crimea' after he was stopped and threatened by armed men in a coffee shop and then surrounded outside by crowds shouting the name of Russian regime's Putin - 27 March 2014: Backing Ukraine’s territorial integrity, UN Assembly declares Crimea referendum invalid - 2 April: In a diplomatic blow to Russia, the UN will continue to view Crimea as part of Ukraine in line with a General Assembly resolution - 16 May: Listing numerous specific examples of targeted killings, torture, beatings, abductions and intimidation mostly carried out by well-organized and well-armed anti-Government groups, UN report warns of an alarming deterioration in human rights in eastern Ukraine

6 August: UN Security Council supports Ukraine, points to Russia as a source of military crisis - 11 September 2014: The mission of UN observers has extended the term of its work in Ukraine until December 15 - 4 October: As UN expresses concern over the intensification of fighting in Donbas since the September 5 ceasefire agreement, saying in a report that a total of 3,627 people have been killed and 8,447 more have been wounded since the beginning of the conflict, USA urges Russia to immediately influence militants so that they end their attacks in eastern Ukraine, and also warns it of the need to stop the flow of arms and manpower into sovereign Ukrainian territory

2015: 16 February 2015: UN's Ban Ki-moon concerned about reports of continuing military clashes in Debaltseve - 12 March 2015: UN counts nearly 1.8 million refugees and internally displaced persons in Ukraine - 2 June 2015: Since the beginning of the war in Donbas, 6362 people have been killed, another 16,000 injured, UN monitoring team says - 2 June 2015: UN's Ivan Simonovic reports on increasing evidence of Russia's invasion of Donbas - 5 June: 28 people including 9 civilians killed in recent Maryinka battle, as Russian-backed forces launched a new offensive near Donetsk using tanks, mortars, and artillery, UN's Jeffrey Feltman says - 30 June: Violence in Ukraine has killed 6,500 people in the past year, wounded 16,000 and left 5 million people in need of humanitarian aid, UN says - 8/9 September 2015: Close to 8,000 people have lost their lives in eastern Ukraine since mid-April 2014, UN says, indicating that Russian regime bore responsibility for the increasing death toll - 12 September: Ukrainian PM Yatsenyuk calls on world leaders to put more pressure on Putin, saying that Putin would see the lifting of sanctions as sign of weakness - 13 October 2015: UN's Ban Ki-moon expresses willingness to increase the UN presence in Ukraine for de-escalation and stabilization of the situation in Donbas

2016: 5 January 2016: UN delegates invite to Ukraine's war-torn eastern regions to assess the possibility of an international peacekeeping mission, but main militant leader in Donetsk region has already dismissed the idea - 21 February: Unicef says, that more 580,000 children have been affected by the nearly two year conflict in eastern Ukraine, that 215,000 children are internally displaced and that at least 20 children were killed as a result of the violence last year - 3 March 2016: Since the start of the Russian invasion in 2014 9,167 people have been killed and 21,044 have been wounded, including civilians, UN says, adding that people continue dying in the Donbas region as 21 people were killed during February 15 - March 1 - 23 March 2016: UN Secretary General supports Ukrainian side in Savchenko's case - 24 March 2016: Foreign armed actors in Donbas range from volunteers to paid-service men and women, and from independent militants to professional militaries, according to preliminary findings by the UN Working Group on mercenaries - 29 April 2016: Ukraine's Vadym Prystaiko said at a meeting of the UN Security Council that the Russian Federation had concentrated a 34,000-strong hybrid military force in the occupied part of Donbas - 23 May 2016: Ukraine's president takes part in the first ever UN World Humanitarian Organization Summit in Tureky, problems of Crimean Tatars and Russian annexation top Poroshenko's agenda - 3/4 August 2016: UN rings alarm bells on record number of civilian casualties in eastern Ukraine, as OSCE says, that Minsk contact group ignores numerous ceasefire violations, promoting unpunishment - 20 August 2016: Ukraine has drawn the attention of the United Nations to another illegal visit of Russia's Putin to the occupied Crimean peninsula - 15 October 2016: Ukrainian president Poroshenko believes that Russia will not terminate its policy of aggression until the world is united to stop Russian Putin regime, calling 'to make every effort to unmask the manifestation of Russian aggression wherever we only can – in Donbas, in the case of the downed MH17, and in Aleppo', emphasizing the importance of solidarity of the whole world in this issue and further extension of sanctions against Russia

2017: 21 June 2017: UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine has recorded 375 conflict-related civilian casualties - 67 killed and 308 injured - in Donbas since the beginning of 2017

April 2018: 21 April 2018: UN report says four years of conflict in Ukraine leave 4.4 mln people in dire humanitarian situation and ceasefire agreements are consistently disregarded, as OSCE reports 43 civilian deaths, 120 injuries from mine explosions in Donbas since last April

UN envoy for Yemen and Special Adviser to the Secretary-General: UN Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Yemen - 16 April 2015: UN envoy to Yemen Benomar of the United Kingdom resigns after criticism of failed peacemaking - 17 April 2015: Calling for an immediate cease-fire by all parties in Yemen, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is expected to nominate a new special envoy to Yemen - 25 April 2015: UN Secretary-General appoints Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed of Mauritania as new special envoy for Yemen - 31 May 2015: UN envoy for Yemen Cheikh Ahmed launches a mission to discuss stalled Geneva peace talks as Saudi-led coalition warplanes pounded Iran-backed Houthi positions across the war-ravaged country

June 2015: 15 June 2015: At the opening of consultations on the situation in Yemen, UN's Ban Ki-moon says in Geneva international community has 'obligation to act' for Yemen peace - 18 June 2015: UN extends critical Yemen peace talks as 'Islamic State' terrorists' bombings kill dozens in Sanaa

2016: 18 avril 2016: Les protagonistes du sanglant conflit yéménite se retrouvent lundi au Koweït pour de nouveaux pourparlers, selon le médiateur de l'ONU Ismaïl Ould Cheikh Ahmed - 31 juillet 2016: Les pourparlers de paix pour le Yémen, infructueux depuis avril, ont été prolongés d'une semaine à Koweït en dépit de tentatives d'incursion samedi de rebelles chiites yéménites en Arabie saoudite qui ont fait sept morts parmi les soldats saoudiens - 29 September 2016: Saudi Arabia and other Arab states have fended off the threat of an independent UN-sanctioned inquiry into human rights abuses in Yemen, but have been forced to accept that UN investigators will be tasked with documenting rights violations

2017: 26 April 2017: Yemen aid not reaching intended recipients, say activists on ground, as donors at a fundraising conference gather in Geneva - 5 September 2017: More than 1,100 children have been killed in Yemen, most in airstrikes by the Saudi military coalition, while some as young as 10 have been recruited to fight in the 'manmade catastrophe', according to the latest UN human rights office's report on the three-year conflict, also showing apparent indiscriminate attacks on civilian populations by both sides

December 2017: 1 December 2017: Remnants of four ballistic missiles fired into Saudi Arabia by Yemen's Houthi rebels from May to November 2017 appear to have been designed and manufactured by Iranian regime, despite regime denying it supplies Houthis, a confidential report by United Nations sanctions monitors said, bolstering a push by the USA to punish the Tehran government

August 2018: 28 August 2018: Houthi rebels, individuals at the highest level from Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and the government of Yemen have committed violations of international law in Yemen that may amount to war crimes, UN experts have said - 29 August 2018: 'The group of experts characterization of the restoration of Hodeidah from Iranian-backed Houthi militias as an 'aggression’ by the legitimate government & the coalition is highly questionable and raises questions about the neutrality, objectivity and overall content of the report', Saudi Ambassador to Yemen AlJabir says - 29 August 2018: Yemeni government condemns Houthis for prohibiting delivery of aid to Hodeidah

September 2018: 8 September 2018: Yemen’s Geneva talks falter as government delegation leaves after Houthi no-show

2015: 7 September 2015: UN security council is failing Syria, Ban Ki-moon admits

2016: 16 June 2016: A damning report has accused the United Nations of taking sides in the Syrian conflict and abandoning its neutrality by capitulating to the demands of the regime of Bashar al-Assad, including allowing it to veto aid deliveries to besieged areas - 8 September 2016: More than 70 aid groups have suspended cooperation with the UN in Syria, saying regime is manipulating relief effort

2017: 13 September 2017: In a world facing many grave challenges across many spheres, people look to the UN to play a key role in resolving them, but the UN is failing in vital areas, not least on peace and security, showing inability to act to end the protracted crises that have driven untold human misery including the forced displacement of an unprecedented 65.6 million people, former New Zealand premier and UN official Helen Clark says

2018: 12 January 2018: Human Rights Watch slams UN Security Council’s failure to hold perpetrators of chemical attacks in Syria to account, criticizing the international community's inaction in addressing this issue saying that 'Russia has used its Security Council veto 11 times to shield its allies in Damascus from condemnation, sanctions or referral to the International Criminal Court' - 23 February 2018: With support of UN head Guterres Syrian regime’s Bashar Ja’afari was elected to the UN’s Special Committee on Decolonization, as Hillel Neuer, executive director of the Geneva-based human rights group UN Watch, says that 'it is incomprehensible for the UN on one day to lament the Syrian regime’s killing and wounding of hundreds of thousands of Syrians - to declare the regime guilty of a 'monstrous campaign of annihilation’ of its own people - and to then hand this gift of false legitimacy to the mass murderer Bashar al-Assad' - 5 March 2018: Residents in the besieged Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta have begun using UN aid bags as shrouds for children killed in the devastating bombardment by the Assad regime to express their frustration over the organization's inaction

October 2016: 8 October 2016: UN General Assembly should now be allowed utilizing the 'Uniting for Peace' mechanism as the long-suffering people of Syria cannot wait any longer for the Security Council to live up to its responsibilities, as for the fifth time since the conflict began in 2011 a veto by Russia has blocked efforts to protect civilians in Syria, to reinstate the cessation of hostilities, to establish a military no-fly zone over Aleppo, to provide unhindered humanitarian access, and to hold perpetrators of atrocities accountable, being Russian votes in favor of continued bloodshed

September 2015: 14 September 2015: Figures obtained by the Government Accountability Project, which supports whistleblowers, reveal that the UN ethics office had received 447 approaches up to July 2014 from those alleging they have faced retaliation for exposing wrongdoing

February 2018: 23 February 2018: With support of UN head Guterres Syria’s Bashar Ja’afari was elected earlier Thursday to the UN’s Special Committee on Decolonization, as Hillel Neuer, executive director of the Geneva-based human rights group UN Watch, says that 'it is incomprehensible for the UN on one day to lament the Syrian regime’s killing and wounding of hundreds of thousands of Syrians - to declare the regime guilty of a 'monstrous campaign of annihilation’ of its own people - and to then hand this gift of false legitimacy to the mass murderer Bashar al-Assad'

July 2018: 9 July 2018: UN failing to recognize, fight anti-Semitism, according to UN Watch report, accusing top UN officials of being quick to condemn racism and ethnic discrimination all over the world but hesitant to denounce attacks on Jews

2012/2013: 2012/2013: The UN General Assembly approved the two-year programme (regular) budget for 2012-2013 in the amount of US$ 5,152 billion

2014/2015: 27 December 2013: UN General Assembly approves $5.5 billion budget for 2014/2015, not including peacekeeping, currently running at over $7 billion a year, or the costs of several major UN agencies

2016/2017: 23 December 2015: UN budget at the amount of US$ 5.4 billion for 2016/17 adopted by UN General Assembly

List of UN organizations by location (continent, country and city) - UN website 'Where We Work' (Africa, Americas, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Middle East) - UN website 'Directory of United Nations System Organizations'

2014: 28 March 2014: The UN Secretary-General gets a salary of $227,253

2016: 30 March 2016: UN Secretary-General's salary is set at $227,253

UN System Staff College, established in 2002 by the General Assembly to serve the personnel of the United Nations and its affiliates - 'UN System Staff College' website

2017: 19 October 2017: Sudhir Rajkumar named to head UN’s $61 billion pension fund in an attempt to reverse three years of below-target returns, as the fund is among the world’s most complex, with more than 128,000 participants, 72,000 retirees in nearly 200 countries and payments going out in 15 currencies

April 2018: 25 April 2018: The UN is facing calls for a full review of its staff pension fund after the Guardian uncovered that it has around a billion dollars invested in companies whose activities are or have been incompatible with core UN principles and programmes

2005: 9 August 2005: Independent commission has found that Benon Sevan, the former head of the UN's oil-for-food programme in Iraq, 'corruptly benefited' from kickbacks while he was in charge, and another UN official, from the procurement office, is accused of soliciting bribes

2007: 17 January 2007: Former executive director Sevan of the UN oil-for-food program in Iraq was indicted yesterday by a Manhattan federal prosecutor for taking about $160,000 in bribes, but not extradited to the USA after his flight to his native Cyprus

2012: 27 June 2012: UN tribunal finds ethics office failed to protect diplomat and whistleblower James Wasserstrom, who was fired and detained by UN police after raising suspicions of corruption - 14 July 2012: In spite of his questionable performance as the head of UN Peacekeeping, Kofi Annan went on to become UN Secretary General for almost a decade 1997-2006, and six years later he is leading the UN's respond to the crisis in Syria, seeing the 'UN Security Council do nothing meaningful to stop the' slaughter - 9 July 2015: WikiLeaks Cable details private meeting between Assad and Kofi Annan in 2012

2013: March 2013: United Nations corruption and the need for reform - the United Nations is a hotbed for corruption and abuse, it is opaque, diplomatically immune, largely unaccountable and does not issue clear reports to donor nations on how their money is spent

2014: 7 February 2014: An appropriations bill passed by the USA Congress requires the State Department to cut annual contribution to the UN by 15% if the UN does not establish protections for employees who expose corruption, as Government Accountability Project's Bea Edwards says that the new measure is needed because corruption problems at the UN are 'quite widespread'

2015: 14 September 2015: Ostracised, sacked and even arrested, the fate of whistleblowers at the UN revealed as former investigator Caroline Hunt-Matthes, who took nine years to get redress after being ousted from the UN - 28 October 2015: USA Federal prosecutors are wrestling with questions of diplomatic immunity and the handling of classified information as they pursue a corruption investigation that has implicated current and former diplomats at the United Nations

January 2016: 20 January 2016: New York-based foundation's Sheri Yan pleaded guilty to participating in a scheme to bribe 2013-2014 UN General Assembly president John Ashe to advance various business interests, becoming the second defendant to admit wrongdoing in the case - UN's John Ashe bribery charge in USA court

February-April 2016: 27 February 2016: French energy giant Total ordered to pay 7,50,000 euros on Friday for siphoning cash from the UN 'oil-for-food' programme that aided sanctions-hit Iraq under Saddam Hussein and Swiss-based oil group Vitol fined 3,00,000 euros for irregularities in Friday's judgement - 3 April 2016: United Nations audit identifies serious lapses linked to alleged bribery

May/June 2016: 17 May 2016: UN/WHO panel in conflict of interest row over glyphosate cancer risk, chairman of UN’s joint meeting on pesticide residues co-runs scientific institute which received donation from USA's Monsanto, which uses glyphosate - 9 June 2016: UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon admitted today that the Saudi Arabia-led coalition in Yemen was removed from the UN's blacklist of groups that kill children, because the UN was threatened by reduced funding, rejecting that member states exert undue pressure as scrutiny is necessary part of the work of the UN

Since August 2016: 29 August 2016: UN paid and pays tens of millions to Assad regime, paying more than $13m to the Syrian murderous regime to boost farming and agriculture, despite the EU has banned trade with the departments in question for fear of how the money will be used, also paying at least $4m to the state-owned fuel supplier, which is also on the EU sanctions list, also partnering with the Syria Trust charity under both USA and EU sanctions, spending a total of $8.5m etc. - 30 August 2016: UN under pressure to set up inquiry into Syria aid programme, as human rights groups say UN needs to restore trust after the British newspaper 'Guardian' revealed contracts had been awarded to agencies linked to dictator Bashar al-Assad - 8 September 2016: More than 70 aid groups have suspended cooperation with the UN in Syria and have demanded an immediate and transparent investigation into its operations because of concerns Syrian dictator al-Assad has gained 'significant and substantial' influence over the relief effort

October 2016: 28 October 2016: UN hires Assad's friends and relatives for Syria relief operation, as almost two-thirds of the emergency health supplies needed in Syria have gone to regime-held areas and 64% of the kits and medicines provided by the WHO since January have been delivered to areas held by or supporting Assad regime, only 13% of WHO supplies have reached Syria’s 'besieged' areas, according to documents seen by the Guardian newspaper

2016/2017 UN payments to Assad regime's companies: 1 August 2017: The UN paid at least $18 million in 2016 to companies with close ties to Bashar Al Assad, some of them run by cronies of the Syrian dictator who are on USA and EU blacklists

May 2018: 22 May 2018: Chinese-Australian billionaire Chau Chak Wing linked to Chinese regime involved in 2016 UN bribery case, chair of Australia’s intelligence and security committee and MP Andrew Hastie claims

2011: 31 May 2011: UN's Ban Ki-moon announces that he has appointed UN official Atul Khare to spearhead efforts to implement a reform agenda aimed at streamlining and improving the efficiency of the world body

Reform of the UN Security Council: Reform of the United Nations Security Council and its key issues: categories of membership, the question of the 'veto' held by the five permanent members, regional representation, the size of an enlarged Security Council and its working methods, and the 'Security Council' - 'General Assembly' relationship - UN Security Council veto power - L.69 Group of Developing Countries is a cross regional grouping of 42 developing countries from Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia and the Pacific, that is focused on achieving lasting and comprehensive reforms of the UN Security Council, since 2007 - 'Uniting for Consensus' movement, developed in the 1990s in opposition to the possible expansion of permanent seats in the UN Security Council, aiming to counter the bids for permanent seats proposed by G4 nations and calling for a consensus before any decision is reached - G4 nations comprising Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan are four countries which support each other’s bids for permanent seats on the UN Security Council

2016: 8 October 2016: After Russian regime 'has once again abused its veto privilege and sabotaged the UN security council, this time stonewalling efforts to stop the vicious assault on east Aleppo’s civilians', UN director at Human Rights Watch Louis Charbonneau says, that there is the urgent need for permanent members of the security council to shelve the veto in situations of mass atrocities, an idea supported by a vast majority of countries around the world, and that the UN general assembly should feel compelled to hold an emergency meeting, demanding an end to unlawful attacks on civilians in Aleppo

United Nations Parliamentary Assembly: United Nations Parliamentary Assembly is a proposed addition to the UN system that would allow for participation of member nations' legislators and, eventually, direct election of United Nations parliament members by citizens worldwide - Campaign for the Establishment of a UN Parliamentary Assembly since 2007

2012-2014: 11 October 2012 International Day of the Girl Child - 28 October 2014: Unicef report finds number of children entering poverty during global recession is 2.6 million greater than number lifted out of it - 20 November 2014: Unicef's 'The State of the World’s Children 2015' marks the 25th anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child - 18 December 2014: Basic income paid to the poor can transform lives, Unicef funded tests say

2015: 27 January 2015: As shelling batters Ukraine's cities, children increasingly in danger, Unicef says - 13 March 2015: About 14 million children are suffering hardship and trauma from the war in Syria and Iraq, Unicef says - 19 August 2015: Months of brutal conflict in Yemen have killed or injured more than 1,000 children, the number of young people recruited or used as fighters has soared, and millions are in need of aid, Unicef says - 3 September 2015: War stops 13 million going to school in Middle East, North Africa, Unicef report says - 9 September; Child mortality halved since 1990, but MDG goal missed, Unicef report says - 4 November 2015: Unicef's Marie-Pierre Poirier informs the media after she has completed a one week mission in Macedonia, Serbia and Croatia, amid rising numbers of refugees, women and children and bad weather - 2 December 2015: Citing Russia's bombing of the Al-Khafsa water treatment facility in Aleppo province on Thursday Unicef's Hanaa Singer condemns airstrikes cutting water supplies to Aleppo, noting that 'the rules of war, including those meant to protect vital civilian infrastructure, continue to be broken on a daily basis'

2016: 15 January 2016: In a joint statement Unicef and WHO call on Syrian regime to allow aid to reach besieged committees adding that 'siege and the denial of humanitarian access to civilians continue to be used as a tactic of war in violation of international humanitarian law' - 16 janvier 2016: Un garçon de 16 ans est mort de faim devant les représentants de l'Unicef, qui menaient une évaluation médicale sur la famine dans la ville de Madaya de 40'000 habitants, dont la moitié sont des enfants de moins de 18 ans, assiégée par l'armée de Bachar el-Assad depuis six mois - 5 January 2016: The huge global scale of female genital mutilation has been revealed in disturbing new Unicef statistics, which show at least 200 million girls and women alive today have undergone ritual cutting, half of them living in just three countries - 21 February 2016: Unicef says, that more 580,000 children have been affected by the nearly two year conflict in eastern Ukraine, that 215,000 children are internally displaced and that at least 20 children were killed as a result of the violence last year - 15 March 2016: UNICEF report estimates up to 3.7 million Syrian children born into devastating conflict conditions, and that at least eight million children in Syria and the neighboring countries are in need of humanitarian aid, including 2.4 million Syrian refugee children - 14 avril 2016: Éducation, santé, revenu, satisfaction à l'égard de leur vie, les enfants sont encore loin d'être égaux aussi dans les pays riches et le fossé se creuse dans plusieurs d'entre eux entre les plus démunis et les autres, selon un rapport de l'Unicef - 6 May 2016: Nearly a quarter of the world’s school-aged children – about 462 million – now live in countries affected by crisis, figures released by Unicef show - 6 July 2016: UNICEF and UNRWA condemn bombing of 'Child Friendly Space' in the latest attack on Khan Eshieh Refugee Camp, home to Palestinian refugees and internally displaced Syrians - 31 July 2016: Four new-born babies reportedly killed after a recent triple airstrike, which aid workers said came from Syrian government warplanes, hit besieged Aleppo’s last children’s hospital run by a group of Syrian doctors, the Independent Doctors’ Association, and backed by the charity Unicef

August 2016: 29 August 2016: Unicef has paid $267,933 to the Al-Bustan Association, owned and run by Rami Makhlouf, a friend and cousin of Assad, whose charity has been linked to several regime militia groups, as UN paid and pays tens of millions to murderous Assad regime that controls UN activities and aid for Syrian people

September/October 2016: 8 September 2016: Some 50 million children have been 'uprooted' across the globe, according to Unicef - 4 October 2016: More than half of Yemen’s 28 million people are already short of food and children are particularly badly hit following Iranian-backed Houthi sectarian military rebellion, with hundreds of thousands at risk of starvation, UN says - 5 October 2016: Nearly half of all children in sub-Saharan Africa are living in extreme poverty, according to Unicef-World Bank report, with figures showing that almost 385 million children worldwide survive on less than $1.90 a day, the World Bank international poverty line - 14 octobre 2016: Dans les pays pauvres, 5 enfants sur 6 de moins de 2 ans ne consomment pas assez d'aliments nutritifs pour leur âge, selon Unicef - 30 October 2016: The dead from Wednesday’s Russian airstrikes near a school complex in Idlib province included 22 children, Unicef's director Alan Lane says, adding that six teachers also died in the attacks - 31 octobre 2016: Quelque 300 millions d'enfants dans le monde, soit un sur sept, vivent dans un endroit où la pollution de l'air extérieur excède jusqu'à six fois les normes internationales, contribuant dans une large mesure à la mortalité infantile, selon l'Unicef

February 2017: 1 February 2017: In 2017 Unicef intends to provide assistance to 48 million children suffering from the consequences of conflicts or natural disaster, namely from such countries as Syria, Yemen, Iraq, South Sudan, Nigeria and Ukraine

March 2017: 13 March 2017: Syrian children 'pushed to the brink' after worst atrocities since Assad's war against the Syrian people began in 2011, according to Unicef report - 22 March 2017: One in four of the world’s children will be living in areas with extremely limited water resources by 2040 as a result of climate change, according to Unicef, to mark World Water Day on Wednesday

May/June 2017: 25 May 2017: More than 2 million children live under siege and in hard-to-reach areas across Syria with little to no humanitarian aid, Unicef says - 20 June 2017: On the eve of World Refugee Day, Unicef announced the appointment of 19-year-old education activist and Syrian refugee Muzoon Almellehan as its newest and youngest Goodwill Ambassador

August/September 2017: 26 August 2017: Six and a half years of conflict have robbed millions of Syrian children of their childhood and inflicted untold suffering on them, Unicef's Fran Equiza says, urging parties to the conflict to stop the violence and live up to their legal obligations to children - 11 September 2017: Child soldier recruits double in one year in Middle East and North Africa, according to Unicef report, saying 28 million children living in countries at war are now in need of humanitarian help as families struggle to cope amid the chaos and violence

November 2017: 11 November 2017: An estimated one million Syrian children have lost one or both parents since 2011 when the Assad regime declared war on the Syrian people, according to Unicef - 25 novembre 2017: Plusieurs avions d'aide humanitaire de l'Unicef et du Programme alimentaire mondial ont pu atterrir samedi matin à l'aéroport de la capitale yéménite Sanaa

December 2017: 28 December 2017: Children caught in war zones are increasingly being used as weapons of war, recruited to fight, forced to act as suicide bombers, and used as human shields, Unicef has warned, summarising 2017 as a brutal year for children caught in conflict and stating that parties to conflicts were blatantly disregarding international humanitarian law

January 2018: 30 January 2018: Almost one in four children live in a country affected by conflict or disaster, according to Unicef, which has appealed for $3.6bn to provide emergency assistance in 2018, unlikely to be met

February 2018: 13 February 2018: The UN’s children’s agency has admitted shortcomings in its humanitarian support to children who allege that they were raped and sexually abused by French peacekeepers in Central African Republic

March 2018: 7 March 2018: At least 1,000 children have been killed across Syria so far this year, as regime forces and their allies are stepping up attacks on many areas across Syria, especially in eastern Ghouta, according to UNICEF's Christophe Boulierac - 25 March 2018: Unicef condemned the widespread attacks on civilian facilities, especially the attacks taking place as part of the brutal bombing campaigns being launched by the Assad regime and Russia on Idlib province and the Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta, stressing that 'protection of children under all circumstances is non-negotiable' - 26 March 2018: On the eve of the third anniversary of Yemen’s civil war, Unicef warns that the country is likely to be hit by another outbreak of deadly cholera within months, after more than 1 million children were infected by cholera in 2017 due to lack of access to water and vaccination

May 2018: 11 May 2018: Unicef issues urgent appeal for funding to support 400,000 children at risk of death from hunger in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Kasai region

June 2018: 13 June 2018: Unicef said that the seven-year long war in Syria has forced 2.1 million children out of school, one day after it said that nine children were killed in an attack on the town of Zardana in rural Idlib on June 7 - 29 June 2018: A new UN report on Syrian children indicated that 910 children were killed and 361 others injured last year, blaming the Assad regime and its allies for most of the crimes and violations against children in Syria

December 2016 - July 2018: 9 December 2016: A quarter of the world’s children - about 535 million - are living in countries affected by conflict or disaster, often without access to medical care, quality education, proper nutrition and protection, Unicef says, marking 70 years of 'relentless work' in the world’s toughest places to bring life-saving aid, long-term support, and hope to children whose lives and futures are threatened by conflict, crises, poverty, inequality and discrimination - 10 July 2018: A quarter of the world’s children - about 535 million - are living in a country affected by conflict or disaster, according to Unicef, adressing UN Security Council meeting on children and armed conflict

July/August 2018: 9 July 2018: As many as 180,000 children have been forced to flee their homes in Dara’a province since the start of the onslaught the Assad regime forces and Iranian terrorist militias launched to recapture rebel-held areas in the province with Russian aerial support, the UN children’s agency Unicef said - 13 August 2018: Unicef says a battle for Syria's Idlib province between regime forces and opposition could affect the lives of more than one million children, many of whom live in refugee camps, also saying that food, water, and medicine are already in short supply in the largely rural north-western province, now home to over one million Syrians who have been displaced from their homes by Assad's and his allies' offensives across the country

2014: 5 February 2014: The Vatican should 'immediately remove' child abusers instead of putting the reputation of Church officials above protection of children, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child says

2016: 5 February 2016: UN Committee on the Rights of the Child urges Iranian regime to repeal legislation permitting child sex abuse, causing rising number of Iranian girls as young as 9 and 10 forced to marry, in a state that also executes children

2017: 21 April 2017: UN Committee on the Rights of the Child calls for investigations into all attacks on children in Syria and for bringing the perpetrators to justice, saying that 'children are bearing the brunt of horrific attacks in Syria' and that States Parties to the 'Convention on the Rights of the Child', which include Syria, as well as other actors, have an obligation to prevent violations of international human rights and humanitarian laws

2013/2014: 16 March 2013: Iran, Libya, Sudan and other Muslim nations ended threats to block a landmark UN declaration urging an end to violence against women and stating that violence against women could not be justified by 'any custom, tradition or religious consideration' - 22 July 2013: 30 million girls risk genital mutilation, Unicef says - 22 March 2014: UN commission approves document on gender equality, expressing deep concern that overall progress toward the UN goal of gender equality and empowerment of women remains 'slow and uneven'

2015: International Women's Day 2015 message by UN Women's Executive Director Phumzile Mlambo - 59th session of the Commission on the Status of Women in New York from 9-20 March 2015 - 10 March 2015: Syrian Coalition commends Syrian women on International Women's Day - 10 March: As thousands marched through Manhattan on 8 March to show solidarity for the global women’s movement, UN’s Commission and government ministers adopted a political declaration confirming their commitment to achieve gender equality by 2030

October 2015: 9 October 2015: Preventing conflict, transforming justice, securing the peace - a global study on the implementation of UN Security Council resolution 1325 - 14 October 2015: The head of the UN women’s agency Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka is criticising the low level of women’s inclusion at peace tables, 15 years after a landmark UN resolution that called for women to be included in decision-making positions at every level of peacemaking and peace building

2016: 24 April 2016: UN Trust Fund to End Violence against Women marks 20 years with event in Amsterdam - 3 May 2016: New Zealand’s former PM Helen Clark started her campaign to become the first woman to lead the UN, saying in Paris that 'peace really matters to women'

May 2018: 26 May 2018: The USA called on the Syrian Assad regime to step down as president of the UN-backed Conference on Disarmament scheduled for next week, citing the regime’s repeated use of chemical weapons on civilian targets during the years-long civil war, as USA diplomats said during a UN debate Friday that Bashar Assad’s government 'has neither the legitimacy nor moral authority' to lead global disarmament efforts and French and British officials also objected to Assad's regime serving as head of the Conference, with one diplomat from Paris calling the appointment 'particularly cynical' - 29 May 2018: The USA will stage a walkout in protest at Syria's presidency of the Conference on Disarmament at the UN in Geneva, wanting to hold the Assad regime to account for its use of chemical weapons - 29 May 2018: Several Syrian human rights groups called on the European Union, the UK and the USA to boycott the UN Conference on Disarmament because it will be chaired by the Assad regime, an affront to 'human values'

June 2018: 5 juin 2018: Après avoir boycotté le discours de l'ambassadeur syrien la semaine dernière, les USA ont décidé de ne pas participer à la plénière de mardi, et Israël, la France et la Grande-Bretagne avaient aussi annoncé une diminution de leur participation pendant le mois de la présidence syrienne

Nuclear disarmament and states with nuclear weapons: Nuclear disarmament - History of the anti-nuclear movement - List of states with nuclear weapons

2014: 16 June 2014: Nuclear-armed states are modernising their arsenals and appear determined to keep sizable numbers, SIPRI says

Since 1961 'Nuclear-weapon-free zones': Since 1961 Nuclear-weapon-free zone, defined by the United Nations as an agreement which a group of states has freely established by treaty or convention, that bans the use, development, or deployment of nuclear weapons in a given area, that has mechanisms of verification and control to enforce its obligations, and that is recognized as such by the General Assembly of the UN

Since 1970 'Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons': Nuclear proliferation - Since 1970 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

Since 2016 proposed 'Nuclear-weapon-ban treaty': Nuclear-weapon-ban treaty, a proposed legally binding international agreement to prohibit nuclear weapons, leading towards their total elimination, according to a mandate adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2016 negotiations on the treaty began at the United Nations in March 2017 and will continue from 15 June to 7 July 2017 - International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ICAN, a coalition of non-government organizations in one hundred countries advocating for a strong and effective nuclear weapon ban treaty

2016: 11 May 2016: Public and parliamentary support for a treaty banning nuclear weapons in several countries, including Australia, the Netherlands and Norway - 26 May 2016: 8 out of 10 Swedes want the government to pursue a ban on nuclear weapons, as a proposed ban treaty gets huge support from all political parties according to an opinion poll of 'Swedish Physicians Against Nuclear Weapons' - 21 August 2016: At a UN meeting on disarmament, a proposal recommending a conference be held next year to negotiate 'a legally binding instrument to prohibit nuclear weapons, leading towards their total elimination', was eventually passed with 68 voting in favour, 22 against and 13 abstaining - 28 octobre 2016: Une commission de l'Assemblée générale de l'ONU a décidé que des négociations seront organisées dès l'an prochain pour tenter de parvenir à un traité interdisant totalement les armes nucléaires

2017: 16 June 2017: UN negotiations toward the first global treaty banning atomic weapons resumed Thursday despite a boycott by nuclear powers

7 July 2017 'Nuclear-weapon-ban treaty': 7 July 2017: At a UN meeting boycotted by all nuclear-armed nations including China, France, India, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, United Kingdom and USA, 122 countries adopt the first-ever treaty banning nuclear weapons, but none of the nine countries known or believed to possess nuclear weapons support legally binding pact - 21 September 2017: As UN treaty office says 51 countries are expected to attach their names on the opening day for signatures, nations began signing the first treaty to ban nuclear weapons, a pact backed by over 100 countries but spurned by those with nuclear arms

October 2017: 6 October 2017: International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons wins Nobel peace prize 2017, as Norwegian Nobel Committee says award made in recognition of work to draw attention to catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons - 2017 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons

2015: 8 April 2015: Some 100 representatives from Arab and Muslim states expected in Jerusalem next week for summit on banning nuclear testing sponsored by the UN and organized by CTBTO - 24 June 2015: CTBTO Executive Secretary Lassina Zerbo urges Iran, which shuttered its seismic nuclear test detection station in 2006, to ratify nuclear test ban treaty as quickly as possible to prove that it is serious about not wanting to develop atomic arms - 12 September 2015: CTBT treaty chief Lassina Zerbo says Iranian regime not ratifying document 'will leave room for doubt' about Iran’s intentions

2014: 13 May 2014: In a four-day session of the UN Convention on Conventional Weapons in Geneva governments are holding the first-ever talks focused exclusively on so-called 'Killer Robots' or 'lethal autonomous robots'

2015: 6 October 2015: United Kingdom and USA are seeking to water down agreement over 'killer robots' (lethal autonomous weapons), so that any autonomous weapons deployed before United Nations's talks conclude will be beyond reach of ban, experts say

Ban Cluster Bombs Coalition and Convention: Cluster Munition Coalition is a global civil society campaign working to eradicate cluster munitions and prevent further casualties from these weapons

2014/2015: 2014/2015: Cluster Munition Coalition calls to action on Syria, demanding that governments worldwide should continue to condemn use of cluster munitions in Syria and call for Syria and all states to join the Convention on Cluster Munitions

2015: 9 October 2015: Russian warplanes reportedly dropped cluster bombs on refugee camps in Idlib province, killing at least five civilians and injuring dozens - 11 October 2015: An advanced type of Russian cluster munition used in an airstrike southwest of Aleppo on 4 October 2015, Human Rights Watch says, raising concerns that Russia is either using cluster munitions in Syria or providing the Syrian air force with new types of cluster munitions to use

Since 2011 use of chemical weapons in Assad's war against the Syrian people: Use of chemical weapons in Assad's war against the Syrian people since 2011

August 2013 Assad's chemical attack on eastern Ghouta, September-November 2013: 20 September 2013: Syria's Assad regime details its chemical weapons arsenal to the OPCW but needs to fill in gaps by next week to launch a rapid disarmament operation, following the 21 August 2013 Ghouta chemical attack - 21 September 2013: The OPCW has begun to examine details of the chemical arsenal supplied by the Assad regime - 17 November 2013: The OPCW adopted a final roadmap for ridding Syria of its arsenal by mid-2014

October-December 2014 Assad's chemical weapons facilities and attacks: 7 October 2014: Syrian Assad regime discloses four secret chemical weapons facilities, UN says - 5 December 2014: The Syrian Coalition calls on the OPCW to refer Assad’s chemical weapons file to the International Criminal Court - 6 December 2014: At the Hague, the USA accused the Syrian regime of continuing to use chemical weapons on civilians as recently as September

January 2015 Assad's use of chemical weapons: 7 January 2015: Assad regime used chlorine gas in helicopter attacks, OPCW chemical weapons experts say - 9 January 2015: OPCW reaffirms Assad's use of chemical weapons offering more proof as French President Hollande regrets that there was no military intervention against Assad

March-November 2015: 27 March 2015: OPCW to investigate Assad’s chlorine gas attack on Sarmin that killed six and wounded dozens earlier this month - 9 May 2015: OPCW inspectors find undeclared chemical weapons in Syria, diplomats say traces of sarin, VX nerge agent found at previously unknown military site - 24 July 2015: Assad did not give up entire chemical weapons arsenal, tucking away 'caches of even deadlier nerve agents', USA, world powers 'never exercised the right' to demand access to sites, report says - 11 septembre 2015: L'ONU pourra enquêter sur les armes et attaques chimiques attribuées au régime syrien, après une résolution créant un 'mécanisme conjoint d'enquête' entre l'ONU et l'Organisation pour l'interdiction des armes chimiques et sa blocage par la Russie - 5 novembre 2015: Des experts en armes chimiques ont conclu pour la première fois que du gaz moutarde, banni par l'ONU en 1993, avait été utilisé à Marea, lors de combats en Syrie en août

2016 Assad's use of chemical weapons: 6 January 2016: A fact-finding mission of OPCW indicates that people in Syria are still exposed to deadly Sarin gas, or a compound like it, according to a report released by the UN - 13 February 2016: Investigators to look into reports of five possible uses of chlorine and mustard gas on rebel-held areas in Syria - 14 March 2016: Syrian American Medical Society's report claims that chemical weapons have been used at least 161 times through the end of 2015 and caused 1,491 deaths in Syria, saying that such attacks are increasing, with a high of at least 69 attacks last year, and 14,581 people have been injured in all - 13 August 2016: Reports of chlorine gas that targeted civilians in Aleppo, documented by 'Bellingcat' investigative journalists - 24 August 2016: International UN and OPCW inquiry accuses Syrian Assad regime of using chemical weapons, setting the stage for a Security Council decision of the five veto-wielding powers over whether sanctions should be imposed - 13 December 2016: OPCW seriously concerned about claims that at least 105 civilians, mostly women and children, were killed by a gas attack in central Syria when airstrikes hit a cluster of five villages, as up to 300 people were injured as a result of the intense airstrikes and attacks by Sarin nerve agent by Assad regime and Russian air forces on several villages in eastern rural Hama

2017 Assad's use of chemical weapons: 14 January 2017: For the first time in a report published Friday, joint international team of investigators for the UN and the OPCW determined that Syrian regime's Bashar Assad and his brother Maher are suspected of being tied to several chemical weapons attacks carried out in the country in 2014 and 2015, according to a document seen by Reuters, as an ICC spokesman says, that 'the only way that (the) ICC would have jurisdiction over the situation would be through a referral by the Security Council' - 18 February 2017: UN-OPCW investigative panel is pressing the Assad regime to hand over the names of commanders, military units and other entities suspected of carrying out chemical attacks

March 2017: 4 March 2017: OPCW watchdog examines 8 alleged gas attacks in Syria this year

April 2017 Assad's Khan Shaykhun chemical attack: 6 April 2017: If Assad has been hiding chemical weapons, the world needs to know, UN weapons inspectors must be allowed in to survey the damage and tell who was responsible, before the dust settles on the latest atrocity in Syria, the 4 April Khan Shaykhun chemical attack - 13 April 2017: OPCW's investigators are already testing samples from Khan Sheikhun deadly poison gas attack in Syria's Idlib province, as samples taken from the chemical weapons attack in Syria last week tested positive for the nerve agent sarin by British delegation to OPCW, not waiting for the allowance of the war criminals Assad and Putin, who blocked a UN Security Council resolution on Syria the eighth time - 14 April 2017: Syrian interim government says that the results of sample analysis carried out by independent institutions shows that the sarin nerve agent was used in the attack, collected from the site of the chemical attack on the town of Khan Sheikhoun, as residents of the town and survivors confirm that the Assad regime’s aircraft carried out the attack - 15 April 2017: Brig. Gen. Zaher al-Sakat, who was head of chemical warfare in the Syrian army’s Fifth Division and was ordered to carry out chemical strikes on three different occasions before he defected from Assad’s forces in 2013, told British newspaper that Assad had deceived United Nations inspectors sent into the country to destroy his chemical stockpiles, saying that according to his contacts inside Syria, Assad has not manufactured new weapons since 2014, but 'they don’t need any more, they have all they need already' - 19 April 2017: Concerning the chemical weapons use in the Khan Sheikhun area of southern Idlib on 4 April, OPCW’s Director-General Ahmet Üzümcü updated Council members stating clearly that 'the results of these analyses from four OPCW designated laboratories indicate exposure to Sarin or a Sarin-like substance', 'while further details of the laboratory analyses will follow, the analytical results already obtained are incontrovertible' - 21 April 2017: The global chemical arms watchdog OPCW on Thursday 'overwhelmingly' rejected a Russian-Iranian move to launch a new investigation into the chemical attack on Khan Sheikoun, delegates said, backing the probe already underway - 29 avril 2017: L'OIAC étudie 45 attaques chimiques présumées en Syrie depuis la mi-2016, selon son directeur

May/June 2017: 4 May 2017: Syria's Assad regime reportedly continues to make chemical weapons in violation of 2013 deal to eliminate them - 30 June 2017: The nerve agent sarin was used in an attack in April on the Syrian town of Khan Sheikhun and was likely to have spread from a crater in a road where a projectile had hit, OPCW confirms - 30 June 2017: USA urges OPCW to assign responsibility for Khan Sheikhoun chemical weapons attack in April - 6 septembre 2017: Des enquêteurs de l’ONU ont indiqué pour la première fois que le régime de Damas était responsable de l’attaque au gaz sarin sur la localité de Khan Cheikhoun le 4 avril en Syrie, qui avait fait 87 morts

October 2017: 5 October 2017: Tests found traces of 'sarin or sarin-related chemicals' in Ltamenah in northern Syria after a 30 March 2017 attack that injured 50 people, days before the deadly strike using the same nerve agent in the Syrian town of Khan Sheikhoun, according to OPCW - 26 October 2017: Syria’s Assad forces are responsible for the deadly sarin gas attack on the rebel-held town of Khan Sheikhun that killed scores of people in April, UN expert panel’s report says

January-February 2018 Assad's use of chemical weapons: 30 January 2018: The Assad regime’s chemical weapons stockpile has been linked for the first time by laboratory tests to the largest sarin nerve agent attack in Syria in August 2013, diplomats and scientists told Reuters, confirming that Assad's forces committed the atrocity

February 2018: 27 February 2018: The OPCW opened an investigation on Sunday into reports of the repeated use of chlorine bombs on villages and towns of eastern Ghouta this month - 27 February 2018: North Korea has been shipping supplies to the Syrian Assad regime that could be used in the production of chemical weapons, UN experts contend

4 March 2018 'novichok' attack in Salisbury: 4 March 2018 poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal with nerve agent 'novichok' in Salisbury - 16 March 2018: UK asks chemical watchdog OPCW to examine the nerve agent that has left the Skripals fighting for their lives and police officer Bailey seriously ill in a Salisbury hospital - 16 March 2018: Russian chemist Vil Mirzayanov who revealed the existence of the novichok family of chemical agents to the world has dismissed the notion that a non-state actor could be behind the poisoning of former spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter in Salisbury earlier this month

21 March 2018 Assad's use of chemical weapons: 21 mars 2018: L'Organisation pour l'interdiction des armes chimiques OIAC a reçu plusieurs signalements d'usage d'armes chimiques dans l'enclave rebelle de la Ghouta orientale en Syrie

April 2018 'novichok' attack investigation: 4 April 2018: Russia must cooperate with chemical weapons watchdog, says EU, as chemical weapons watchdog meets to discuss poisoning of Sergei Skripal and his daughther with nerve agent 'novichok' - 4 April 2018: Russian regime has lost a vote by the global chemical-weapons watchdog for a new joint investigation, including regime's participation, into 'novichok' nerve-agent attack in Salisbury - 12 April 2018: 'Novichok' used in Salisbury poisoning, chemical weapons watchdog confirms, as OPCW says analysis of samples confirms UK findings about nerve agent used in Salisbury attack

April 2018 Douma chemical attack: 7 April 2018 Douma chemical attack with about 42-70 people killed - 10 April 2018 OPCW will 'shortly' deploy fact-finding mission to Douma - 11 April 2018: 'The number of dead bodies that can be established through open source data is 34+', and 'aircraft spotters reported two Mi-8 Hip helicopters heading southwest from Dumayr Airbase, in the direction of Douma, 30 minutes before the chemical attack in Douma, and two Hip helicopters were observed above Douma shortly before the attack' according to Bellingcat Investigation team - 11 April 2018: Demanding 'immediate unhindered access to the area to provide care to those affected, to assess the health impacts, and to deliver a comprehensive public health response', the World Health Organization WHO condemns chemical weapons attack in Douma last weekend in which WHO said an estimated 500 patients went to health facilities with 'signs and symptoms consistent with exposure to toxic chemicals'

17-22 April 2018: 17 April 2018: Ahmet Uzumcu, the head of the chemical watchdog group OPCW, said Monday that Russian and Syrian regime prevented independent investigators from going to the scene of a suspected chemical attack in Douma, blocking international efforts to establish what happened and who was to blame - 17 April 2018: Dr Ghanem Tayara, the head of the largest medical relief agency in Syria UOSSM, claims that medics who responded to the gas attack in Douma have been subjected to 'extreme intimidation' by Assad regime officials who seized biological samples, forced them to abandon patients and demanded their silence, as a number of doctors who spoke to the Guardian this week say the intimidation from the regime has increased in the past five days, a timeframe that coincides with the arrival in Damascus of a team from the OPCW - 18 April 2018: Chemical weapons experts press for access to Syria attack site, as questions asked about how Russia was able to take sympathetic journalists to Douma while international inspectors have been waylaid on safety grounds - 18 April 2018: Despite destruction of 1,300 tonnes of declared chemical weapons since 2013, Assad regime retained capacity and willingness to replenish stockpile, after Russia vetoed any referral of Syria to the ICC - 22 April 2018: Chemical weapons inspectors collect samples from Douma site

26 April 2018: 26 April 2018: 'The OPCW is not a theatre' and any witnesses should be interviewed by OPCW investigators, UK’s OPCW envoy Peter Wilson says, as Britain and its allies did not attend a Russian briefing at The Hague

29 April 2018: 29 avril 2018: À l'occasion du 21e anniversaire de la Convention sur l'interdiction des armes chimiques, après l'attaque dans la wille de Salisbury et moins d'un mois après l'attaque sur la ville de Douma en Syrie, les Français et Britanniques s'accordent pour renforcer l'interdiction de l'utilisation d'armes chimiques en Syrie ou ailleurs

May 2018: 4 May 2018: OPCW has amended a claim made by its director general that as much as 50-100 grams of liquid nerve agent was used in the attack on Sergei Skripal and his daughter in Salisbury, significantly more than needed for research purposes and indicating it was likely to have been created for use as a weapon

16 May 2018: OPCW on Wednesday said that chlorine gas 'was likely used as a chemical weapon' in an attack in the town of Saraqib in the northern Idlib province in February, as the use of helicopters in the attack suggested Assad regime's involvement since the opposition did not have access to helicopters

5/7 June 2018: 5 June 2018: The Hague-based world’s chemical weapons watchdog OPCW is to hold a special two-day session in late June in response to Britain’s call to hand the body new powers to attribute responsibility for chemical weapons attacks, after Britain won the support of 64 OPCW member states for the special session - 7 June 2018: EU expressed support for the holding of a Special Conference of States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention to take place on 26-27 June 2018 as it condemned the Assad regime’s repeated use of chemical weapons.

13 June 2018 Sarin use in Syria confirmed: 13 June 2018: In a report based on separate witness testimony, epidemiological analysis and environmental samples and also transmitted to the UN Security Council, OPCW confirms use of Sarin and Chlorine in Syria's Al-Lataminah town on 24 and 25 March 2017

26/27 June 2018: 26 June 2018: SNHR calls for action under Chapter VII of the UN Charter against the Assad regime’s repeated use of chemical weapons against civilians, saying that the meeting called by the OPCW on June 26-27 provides an opportunity to 'correct the catastrophic errors' in the issue of the Assad regime's use of chemical weapons, and is also an opportunity to overcome pressure from Russia and its allies as a state sponsor of the Assad regime's actions - 27 June 2018: More than 140 countries affiliated to the OPCW voted by 82 to 24 to expand the body’s powers from simply investigating whether a chemical attack had occurred, to attributing responsibility, called by UK's Peter Wilson 'an overwhelming majority to restore the taboo against chemical weapons', confirming that the Assad regime's role in a wave of chemical weapons attacks during its war against the Syrian people will be investigated

3/4 July 2018: 3/4 July 2018: Syrian Assad regime is still failing to answer questions about its chemical weapons program, years after becoming a party to the chemical weapons convention, members of the UN Security Council said Wednesday

8 July 2018: 8 July 2018: An interim report released by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons OPCW said that chlorine may have been deployed by the Syrian regime as around 40 people choked to death in an April 7 attack on the then rebel-held town of Douma, which provoked Western air strikes on Syrian military installations

6 August 2018 Russian regime's two-man Salisbury hit team: 6 August 2018: The British government is poised to submit an extradition request to Russia's Putin regime for two Russians suspected of carrying out the Salisbury nerve agent attack that left one person dead and three injured, after in several months investigators have pieced together the movements of the two Russians, from their entry into the UK through to their departure

8 August 2018: 8 August 2018: The USA will impose sanctions on Russia for its use of a nerve agent in an attempt to kill Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia using 'Novichok', a military-grade nerve agent, in the British town of Salisbury in March in violation of international law

4 October 2018: 4 October 2018: Four GRU officers expelled from Netherlands after alleged attacks on OPCW, Porton Down and UK Foreign Office

12 October 2018: 12 October 2018: Russia and the Assad regime were trying to undermine the work of the fact-finding mission on the use of chemical weapons in Syria, according to the United Kingdom’s delegation to the OPCW

May 2014: 16 May 2014: UN peacekeeping missions routinely avoid using force to protect civilians who are under attack, intervening in only 20% of cases, an internal UN study says - 10 October 2014: Member states owe UN $3.5bn including $2.6bn for international peacekeeping efforts, as the UN owes $1.2bn to member states that contribute towards peacekeeping operations

October 2015: 18 October 2015: Unable to protect living people in Syria, UN peacekeepers to guard heritage sites from Islamic State, as Unesco okays Italian plan to charge Blue Helmets with protecting sites in danger zones

July 2018: 21 July 2018: A report sent to the UN’s Department of Peacekeeping Operations last month, claims that senior Sri Lankan officers accused of war crimes have been deployed to UN operations in Mali, Lebanon, Darfur and South Sudan

Since 1948 list of UN peacekeeping missions: List of UN peacekeeping missions since 1948

Since 1948 in Kashmir, India and Pakistan: United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan and UN mediation of Kashmir

Since 1948 in the Middle East: United Nations Truce Supervision Organization UNTSO founded in May 1948 for peacekeeping in the Middle East, providing the military command structure to enable the peace keepersto in the Middle East to observe and maintain the cease-fire, the command structure of the UNTSO was maintained to cover the later peace keeper organisations

Since 1964 in Cyprus: United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus UNFICYP peacekeeping force established in 1964 to prevent a recurrence of fighting following intercommunal violence between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots

Since 1974 in the Middle East following Arab States' Yom Kippur War against Israel: United Nations Disengagement Observer Force UNDOF established in May 1974 to implement Resolution 338 which called for an immediate ceasefire on the same day the 'Agreement on Disengagement' was signed between Israeli and Syrian forces on the Golan Heights, finally establishing a ceasefire to end the 1973 Yom Kippur War fought by a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel in the Middle East

June 2017: 29 June 2017: UN tells Syrian forces to leave buffer zone on border with Israel and renews mandate of local peacekeeping force

Since 1978, 1982, 2000 and 2006 in Lebanon: Since 1978 United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, adjusted in 1982 and in 2000, enhanced in 2006 and renewed by United Nations Security Council annually

September 2017: 5 September 2017: Russian Putin regime threatens to veto UNIFIL mandate and renewal of UN peacekeeper force if Lebanon-based terror organization Hezbollah, its ally in Assad's war against the Syrian people, mentioned

Since 1991 in Western Sahara: United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara MINURSO peacekeeping mission in Western Sahara, established in 1991 as part of the Settlement Plan, which had paved way for a cease-fire in the conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front, representing the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, over the contested territory of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara

1992-2002 in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina: United Nations Protection Force 1992-1995 was the first UN peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav wars - United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995-2002

1995: Srebrenica massacre 1995

2013/2014: 6 September 2013: The Netherlands, during UN peacekeeping mission, is liable for the deaths of three Bosnian Muslim men killed in the 1995 Srebrenica massacre, the Dutch Supreme Court ruled - 16 July 2014: Dutch state liable for 300 Srebrenica massacre deaths and Dutch UN peacekeepers must compensate families of Bosnian Muslim men turned over to Serb forces 19 years ago, Court at the Hague says

2015: 18 March 2015: Following a war crimes investigation, Serbia arrests seven men over 1995 Srebrenica massacre and slaughter of more than 1,000 Muslims in what was Europe’s worst civilian slaughter since second world war

1993-1996 in Rwanda: United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda 1993-1996

1994 Rwandan Genocide: Rwandan Genocide 1994 - Role of the international community in the Rwandan Genocide - Role of the United Nations in the Rwandan Genocide

1994: 12 April 1994: UN troops stand by and watch carnage

Since 8 November 1994 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda since 8 November 1994, ongoing

1999/2000: 15 December 1999: Inqiry into the actions of the UN during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda - 7 July 2000: Rwanda - The Preventable Genocide

2004: 26 March 2004: When Kofi Annan ("I believed at that time that I was doing my best") was head of UN peacekeeping forces 800,000 died - one survivor, Specios Kenya Bugoi, described how 4,000 Tutsis took shelter close to Belgian troops hoping to be safe, and how the troops left and the killings began

2008: Jason A. Edwards 2008: The Mission of Healing - Kofi Annan’s Failed Apology

2013: As of 24 July 2013 the ICTR has indicted 95 individuals since

2013/2014: 12 May 2013: 'We live with those who killed our families. We are told they're sorry, but are they?' - 4 February 2014: Former Rwandan intelligence chief Simbikangwa tried in France charged with complicity in the 1994 genocide

2014: 7 April: Rwanda marks 20th anniversary of genocide 1994

2015: 11 December 2015: Interpol agents arrested Rwandan Ladislas Ntaganzwa in the eastern Congo city of Goma, who is among the most wanted for the 1994 genocide in which 800,000 people died

2016: 6 July 2016: Two Rwandan mayors jailed for life over 1994 massacre, as Paris court convicts Octavien Ngenzi and Tito Barahira of crimes against humanity and genocide over killing of 2,000 people

Since 1999 in Kosovo: Since 1999 United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo

Since 1999 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ongoing: United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo established by Security Council resolutions 1999 and 2000 to monitor the peace process of the Second Congo War, though much of its focus subsequently turned to the Ituri conflict, the Kivu conflict and the Dongo conflict

Since 2004 in Haiti: United Nations Stabilization Mission In Haiti UNSTAMIH, a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Haiti that has been in operation since 2004, the mission's military component is led by the Brazilian Army and the force commander is Brazilian

2016: 1 December 2016: United Nations admits for first time that its peacekeepers were directly responsible for bringing cholera to Haiti, bringing to an end a six-year delay in which the world body consistently ducked responsibility for importing the disease that has potentially killed up to 30,000 people

Since 2004 in Côte d'Ivoire: United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire

2012: 9 June 2012: Seven UN-peacekeepers from Niger killed in an ambush while on patrol near the border with Liberia

Since 2007 in Darfur region, ongoing: African Union/United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur UNAMID, a joint African Union and United Nations peacekeeping mission since July 2007 to bring stability to the war-torn Darfur region of Sudan

Since 2011 in Sudanese Abyei area: United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei UNISFA peacekeeping force since 2011 in Sudanese Abyei area, which is contested between the Republic of Sudan and the newly independent Republic of South Sudan, after a flareup in the South Kordofan conflict earlier in June 2011, the Ethiopian Army is the largest contributor

Since 2011 in South Sudan, ongoing: Since 2011 United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan UNMISS

2015: 15 December 2015: UN peacekeeping mission has failed to stop systematic atrocities, MSF says, as civil war in South Sudan enters third year

2016: 12 August 2016: UN approves increase in peacekeeping force in South Sudan, as an additional 4,000 peacekeepers will be dispatched, making the total deployment 17,000 troops, that will be asked to take more 'proactive' measures to protect civilians - 17 August 2016: UN is under intense pressure to explain why thousands of well-armed peacekeeping troops failed to respond to urgent calls for help from international humanitarian workers under attack only minutes away from its bases during fighting in South Sudan last month - 6 October 2016: UN peacekeepers stayed in their bases rather than protect civilians during an outbreak of fighting in South Sudan in July, and Chinese UN peacekeepers in the capital Juba 'abandoned their posts entirely' at one civilian protection site where tens of thousands had sought safety from successive bouts of fighting, rights group says - 1 November 2016: The UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan failed to protect hundreds of civilians from death or rape because of a risk-averse culture and chaotic leadership, despite multiple requests to stand up a quick reaction force to respond a total of 73 people were killed, including 20 people who were under UN protection, according to the independent Patrick Cammaert’s damning report

Since 2013 in Mali, ongoing: United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali MINUSMA, peacekeeping mission established on 25 April 2013 by UN Security Council Resolution 2100 to stabilise the country following the Tuareg rebellion since 2012

2015: 29 November 2015: Two UN peacekeepers from Guinea and a civilian contractor killed and four seriously injured in a rocket attack on a UN base in Kidal in northeastern Mali claimed by militant group

2016: 7 August 2016: One UN peacekeeper killed, four wounded in north Mali mine attack

2017: 9/10 June 2017: Militants on Thursday killed three United Nations peacekeepers in a attack outside their base in Kidal in northern Mali, after more than 100 peacekeepers have died in recent months, making it the most deadly UN mission to date

Since 2014 in the Central African Republic, ongoing: United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic MINUSCA, peacekeeping mission since April 2014 to protect Central African Republic civilians under Chapter VII of the UN Charter

December 2017: 15 décembre 2017: Autorisée par l’ONU, la Russie s’apprête à livrer des armes à la Centrafrique, malgré l’embargo imposé au pays depuis 2013 - 23 décembre 2017: La Russie a obtenu du Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU une exemption à l’embargo sur les armes imposé à la Centrafrique

February 2018: 12 février 2018: Depuis la fin du mois de décembre 2017, ce sont presque 200 instructeurs russes, parfois avec des passeports falsifiés et pour la plupart sous couverture d'une société privée, qui se sont installés avec armes et bagages en Centrafrique avec la bénédiction de l'ONU

March 2018: 24 mars 2018: Après de longues tractations à l'ONU, des instructeurs venus de Russie ont pris possession d'une demeure de l'ex-président Jean-Bedel Bokassa près de Bangui

4 April 2018: 23 April 2018: Russian presence in the Central African Republic confirmed by the Russian regime

August 2018: 1 August 2018: Three Russian journalists ambushed and killed Monday evening near the village of Sibut in the CAR were researching the actions of the Russian military firm Wagner with links to Putin, which has also been active in Syria and Ukraine, according to the 'Investigations Management Centre', also saying Kirill Radchenko, Alexander Rastorguyev and Orkhan Dzhemal were traveling to the north of the country to talk to a UN representative there

2003: 9 October 2003: UN's special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse

2015: 19 March 2015: Leaked report details UN peacekeepers' sexual exploitation and abuse - 29 April 2015: UN aid worker Anders Kompass said to have passed confidential document to French authorities because of UN’s failure to stop abuse of children in CAR suspended by UN for leaking report on child abuse by French troops - 29 April 2015: France promises to act after leaked UN report says its soldiers abused children and the repeated failure by the UN to take action to stop the abuse - 1 May 2015: French authorities sent a letter of thanks to the UN whistleblower Anders Kompass, who faces dismissal from UN for leaking report into claims of child abuse by its peacekeeping troops in Africa - 6 May 2015: UN suspension of sexual abuse report whistleblower is unlawful, tribunal rules

July 2015: 30 July 2015: After leaked documents marked 'strictly confidential' United Nations forced to explain how a Russian aviation firm implicated in sexual exploitation managed to expand its contracts with the UN, spending half a billion dollars on contracts with the company since discovering its wider culture of sexual exploitation

August-December 2015: 12 August 2015: UN peacekeeping chief in CAR sacked over sex abuse claims and UN security council special meeting called over issue of allegations of sex abuse by peacekeepers - 17 December 2015: UN's failure to respond to allegations that French peacekeepers sexually abused children in Central African Republic amounted to 'gross institutional failure' and allowed assaults to continue, according to an independent panel’s damning report

2016: 18 January 2016: UN whistleblower Anders Kompass, who exposed the sexual abuse of children by peacekeepers in Central African Republic, has been completely exonerated after an internal investigation - 7 June 2016: UN whistleblower Anders Kompass who was suspended for exposing the sexual abuse of children by UN-peacekeepers has resigned over the organisation’s failure to hold senior officials to account, saying he could no longer work for an organisation with no accountability, as UN Watch, a human rights body in Geneva which monitors the UN, says that 'UN officials, including at the highest levels, ... did everything to protect both governments and their own careers'

2017: 28 March 2017: Broken promises for the children of Bangui abused by UN peacekeepers, as children left homeless and on the streets to fend for themselves

2018: 14 mars 2018: 138 plaintes d'abus sexuels à l'ONU en 2017

21/22 July 2018: 22 July 2018: Israel transported several hundred Syrian civil defense workers and their families from southwest Syria to Jordan overnight Saturday, saying it had engaged in 'a humanitarian effort' at the request of the USA, some European countries and Canada, after many powerful countries and the United Nations - including a lot of subsidiary organs, organizations, and an Assad supporting Guterres - failed to prevent even one of Assad's, Russian and Iranian war crimes since 2011 - 24 July 2018: There remains an acute threat for several hundred Syrian rescuers trapped in the country’s south with no escape from approaching regime troops, after Assad regime officials and Russians said the Syrian civil defense volunteers were 'a red line' who should be 'eradicated', and as during previous evacuations from fallen opposition areas elsewhere, civil defense volunteers were specifically targeted, pulled from buses, tortured and filmed making false confessions about being paid agents, also because they helped document atrocities by Assad's forces and allies

2014: 21 March 2014: OSCE to send observers to Ukraine as quickly as possible - Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine since June 2014

September-December 2014: 5 September 2014 'Minsk Protocol' agreement to halt the war in the Donbass region of Ukraine - 20 September 2014: Memorandum on ceasefire in Donbas signed in Minsk, concerning a security zone and the withdrawal of all foreign mercenaries - 26 December: Following the recent meeting in Minsk, OSCE vows to help deliver Ukrainian humanitarian aid to Donbas

2015: 11 February 2015 Minsk II agreement - 7 May: In Minsk Trilateral Contact Group agreed to send observers from each subgroup to the contact line in Donbas - 7 July 2015: Trilateral contact groups meets in Minsk to discuss Ukraine conflict, as Russian-backed militants have shelled the positions of Ukrainian forces in Donbas 7,398 times for six months after signing the Minsk agreements - 8 July: OSCE Ukrainian representative Martin Sajdik expects specific results of Trilateral Contact Group meeting in two weeks - 9 July 2015: The Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE has recognized the facts of military aggression of Russia against Ukraine - 28 December 2015: One Ukrainian soldier killed and three wounded by Russian-backed terrorists over the past day, as OSCE observers come under fire near Kominternovo seized by combined Russian-separatist forces in eastern Ukraine last Tuesday

2016: 19 February 2016: As key Minsk deal points including heavy weapons pullback and prisoner exchanges are incomplete, OSCE extends Ukraine monitoring mission until March 2017 - 4 March 2016: OSCE's Alexander Hug warns that Ukrainian children caught up in the war continue to pay a heavy price, as youngsters are being forced to live in shelters and being prevented from going to school - 11 March 2016: OSCE observers to Ukraine are still facing obstacles when fulfilling their duties, especially in the occupied districts of Donetsk region, Alexander Hug says in Kramatorsk - 9 May 2016: OSCE says open to sending armed monitors to Ukraine conflict zone, but only if that is agreed by all sides - 4 August 2016: Minsk contact group ignores numerous ceasefire violations, OSCE's Hug says - 25 November 2016: The OSCE Special Monitoring mission in Ukraine in the mid-November reports on the highest number of ceasefire violations since the beginning of the observations in Donbas in 2014 - 8/9 December 2016: Ukraine and Syria wars will dominate OSCE conference agenda in Hamburg, as Russian-backed separatist forces attack Ukrainian towns and positions of Ukrainian in Donetsk and Luhansk regions, as OSCE aims to replace its surveillance drones destroyed by Russian-backed separatist forces, its mission in eastern Ukraine used to monitor ceasefire violations, and as people in Aleppo 'have lost trust in everyone, in world leaders, in the international organisations that are watching them being killed' due to an absence of political will to confront war criminals since nearly 6 years - 24 December 2016: Latest truce deal, negotiated in Minsk, just to be violated shortly after

2017: 25 January 2017: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media Dunja Mijatovic condemns deterioration of media freedom, journalist safety in occupied Ukraine - 24 February 2017: OSCE's Alexander Hug has stated that the SMM observers recorded shelling from the center of Donetsk - 24 February 2017: Russian-backed militants shoot at OSCE monitors in eastern Ukraine, seize UAV - 1/2 April 2017: Despite recent agreements reached by the Trilateral Contact Group in Minsk on a ceasefire along the entire contact line from 00:00 local time on the same day, Russia's hybrid military forces on Saturday 1 April continued provocations in Donbas and mounted 37 attacks on Ukrainian positions, as Ukrainian servicemen have strictly been adhering to the ceasefire regime and have not fired back, but four Ukrainian defenders were wounded - 23 avril 2017: Un membre de la mission d'observation spéciale de l'OSCE a été tué et deux autres blessés dimanche dans l'explosion d'une mine dans l'est de l'Ukraine, la première victime que déplore cette mission depuis son déploiement il y a plus de trois ans - 9 July 2017: OSCE PA condemns Russian aggression in Ukraine - 9 November 2017: OSCE calls on the parties in eastern Ukraine's conflict to pull back tanks and other heavy weapons, after five people were injured and a nine-year-old child was killed over the weekend, after over 10,000 people have died since 2014 and as Russian regime is accused of sending troops and heavy weapons also to this region

April 2018: 21 April 2018: OSCE reports 43 civilian deaths, 120 injuries from mine explosions in Donbas since last April, as UN report says four years of conflict in Ukraine leave 4.4 mln people in dire humanitarian situation

June/July 2018: 20 June 2018: USA calls on Russia to stop harassing OSCE monitors in Donbas - 21 July 2018: Russian-controlled militants open fire on OSCE UAV as it spots non-withdrawn heavy weapons

August 2018: 9 August 2018: OSCE spotted twenty-four T-72 tanks of the Russian occupation forces in eastern Ukraine on 6 August 2018 alone

2015: 14 January 2015: UN's Valerie Amos suggests more intervention in humanitarian emergencies as she says some states were aggressively asserting sovereignty rights to stop action being taken to protect civilians, citing Syrian Assad regime as an example - 17 August 2015: Speaking at the end of a three-day visit to Damascus, UN’s most senior humanitarian official O’Brien reiterated that Assad regime's 'attacks on civilians are unlawful, unacceptable and must stop', saying 'I am particularly appalled by reports of air strikes causing scores of civilian deaths and hundreds injured' - 28 October 2015: Syrian Coalition calls upon the OCHA to open a serious and transparent investigation into the food poisoning of 250 children and women as a result of consuming biscuits provided by the UN to residents in the besieged towns of Zabadani and Madaya, also reminding the UN to investigate cases involving the regime forces’ seizure of aid intended for the displaced people in Syria

2016: 12 January 2016: UN humanitarian affairs chief calls for the evacuation of about 400 people from Madaya hospital after aid trucks reached the Syrian town which has been cut off by Assad forces for months, also saying that aid to besieged towns must be repeated - 18 January 2016: A leaked document from the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the United Nations in Damascus shows that the organization was aware of the existence of famine in Madaya months ago - 28 January 2016: Saying that Assad's regime blocks most aid requests, UN's Stephen O’Brien urges an end to targeting civilians and public infrastructure in Syria, calling for more action to facilitate unhindered, unconditional and sustained access to all those in need, including besieged and hard-to-reach areas - 30 janvier 2016: La délégation de l'opposition syrienne doit arriver samedi soir à Genève pour participer aux discussions organisées par l'ONU, mais en Syrie 16 autre personnes sont mortes de faim dans la ville de Madaya, assiégée par les forces pro Assad, depuis que des convois humanitaires y sont entrés mi-janvier, selon MSF - 11 February 2016: UN's Regional Humanitarian Coordinator for the Syrian crisis Kevin Kennedy says that the UN continues to deliver humanitarian aid to Syria, noting that 85 aid workers have so far been killed in Syria as a result of the Russian and Assad regime's targeting of public facilities such as schools and hospitals - 12 February 2016: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carry out more airstrikes in Daraa province, as civil authorities in the towns of Sidon, Eastern al-Gharya, Western al-Gharya and Naemeh closed the schools and hospitals as a result of the continued targeting by warplanes for vital facilities and people’s homes in these towns - 22 August 2016: Aleppo is being bombed every day and has become 'the apex of horror' in 'the greatest crisis of our time', UN's Stephen O'Brien tells the UN Security Council, adding that 'you have the power with a pen - a simple pen stroke - to allow food to people'

2017: 10/11 March 2017: The world faces the largest humanitarian crisis since 1945 with more than 20 million people in countries in Africa and the Middle East facing starvation and famine, UN official says - 20 November 2017: UN coordinator for humanitarian and development affairs in Syria Ali Al Zaatari demands an end to attacks on civilians in Damascus and Rif Damashq neighborhoods, as escalating bombardment by the Assad regime and its allies has killed dozens, saying that 'for days, there have been daily reports about civilians being killed and others being severely wounded, in addition to warehouses, hospitals and schools being put out of service during the exchange of shellfire, particularly in Damascus and Eastern Ghouta'

May 2018: 14 May 2018: Two days after hundreds of Palestinians destroyed the fuel terminal at the main cargo crossing with Israel Kerem Shalom, the only entry point for fuel to Gaza, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA calls on Palestinians not to cause further damage to Kerem Shalom crossing, saying alternative supply required to run hospitals, pump water, treat sewage

September 2018: 24 September 2018: A famine inflicting 'huge loss of life' could strike at any time in Yemen, according to UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs' Mark Lowcock, as accelerating economic collapse has caused prices of staples to increase by 30% at a time many millions of Yemenis were already finding it hard to feed their families, saying that by the time an imminent famine is confirmed, it would be too late to stop it

Since 2011: Since 2011 Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, set up by the UN Human Rights Council on 22 August to investigate human rights violations during Assad's war against the Syrian people - Website of the 'Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic'

Since 2013: Since 2013 UN Mission to Investigate Allegations of the Use of Chemical Weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic, a fact-finding mission to investigate possible use of chemical weapons in Syria, established by the UN Secretary-general Ban Ki-moon on 21 March 2013 to investigate the Khan al-Assal chemical attack that occurred on 19 March 2013 - Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war

2013: 3 December 2013: Evidence has been uncovered in Syria that implicates Bashar al-Assad and his administration in war crimes and crimes against humanity, UN human rights official says

2014: 5 March 2014: Chemical weapons used in the Damascus suburb of al-Ghouta on August 21 and in Khan al-Assal near Aleppo in March 2013 appear to come from the stockpiles of the Syrian military, UN human rights investigators say - 16 September 2014: Assad atrocities outstrip Islamic State in Syria, UN panel says - 17 September: Immediate measures must be taken to save Syrian children, Syrian Coalition's Noura Al Ameer says during a session of the UNHRC

2015: 11 March 2015: Exhibition of photographs showing the victims of atrocities and torture carried out by Assad regime goes on display at UN headquarters - 12 March 2015: The war in Syria has plunged 80 percent of its people into poverty and reduced life expectancy by 20 years since the conflict began, according to a UN-backed report of the Syrian Center for Policy Research - 12 March 2015: World utterly failing Syria after 4 years of conflict, aid organizations say ahead of the fourth anniversary of the peaceful pro-democracy protests that marked the start of the devastating conflict - 18 March 2015: The Syrian Coalition sent a letter to the UN Security Council calling for punishing Assad under Chapter VII of UN Charter after regime's latest chlorine gas attack on Sarmin in rural Idlib on Monday - 25 March 2015: Assad regime's helicopters drop barrel bombs loaded with chlorine gas on Binnish near Idlib, and conducted seven attacks using chlorine gas in less than 20 days since the adoption of UN Security Council resolution 2209 without any prosecution by UN Security Council, Syrian Coalition says - 27 March 2015: Following Syrian American Medical Society's report, UN has more than doubled its estimate of Syrians who are living in besieged areas — and risk death by starvation, dehydration and the lack of medical care — to roughly 440,000 - 20 April 2015: Syrian Network for Human Rights says it has recorded 87 violations of the UN Security Council resolution 2118 by the Assad regime, 59 of which occurred in 2014, and 28 in 2015, also reporting 15 violations of UN resolution 2209 by the Assad regime - 30 April 2015: Syrian Coalition's Khoja delivered a speech at UN on the Day of Remembrance for all victims of chemical warfare, marking the first large-scale use of chemical weapons in 1915 during World War I - 5 May 2015: Al-Assad’s Syrian regime is committing war crimes and crimes against humanity by systematically using barrel bombs to kill civilians and destroy infrastructure in Aleppo, rights group says - 13 May 2015: A three-year operation to smuggle official documents out of Syria has produced enough evidence to indict Bashar al-Assad and 24 senior members of his regime, 'Commission for International Justice and Accountability' CIJA says - 29 August 2015: The Syrian Coalition calls upon the international community to shoulder its humanitarian and ethical responsibilities towards the Syrian people and to work on ending the Syrian refugees’ crisis - 3 septembre 2015: 'L'impunité qui règne en Syrie est une honte pour l'ONU', dit Carla del Ponte - 22 September: UN investigator Carla del Ponte sees Milosevic's fate awaiting Assad - 5 October 2015: Assad’s Russian-backed deadly escalation in Homs province aims to change its demography, Syrian Coalition says calling on the United Nations to assume legal, humanitarian and ethical responsibilities towards the tragedy of the Syrian people - 17 November 2015: The Eastern Ghouta Women Center for Training and Rehabilitation organized a sit-in calling on the international community and the UN to work on protecting civilians from the fighting in Syria in general and in eastern Ghouta in particular, calling to stop the bombing of residential areas and the massacres and for opening humanitarian corridors to enter relief and medical aid - 17 December 2015: Human Rights Watch report presents compelling evidence on mass deaths and torture of detainees in Assad’s prisons - 21 December 2015: Human Rights Watch denounces Russia’s extensive use of cluster bombs in Syria

2016: 26 janvier 2016: Les Syriens sont en train 'de perdre espoir' sur l'intérêt du monde pour la crise chez eux, a dit mardi à Genève le coordinateur humanitaire de l'ONU Yacoub El Hillo, et 'chaque heure perdue' pour entamer des discussions politiques provoque le déplacement de 50 familles, a souligné Jan Egeland - 26 January: UN warns 2.5 million Syrian children will become refugees by 2017 - 9 February 2016: Mass deaths of detainees in Syrian Government jails amounts to crime of 'extermination', UN commission of inquiry on Syria says in its report calling on the UN security council to impose sanctions against Syrian officials in the civilian and military hierarchy responsible for or complicit in deaths, torture and disappearances in custody - 9 February 2016: Human Rights Watch documents in a report, that Assad regime forces and the Russian military have been carrying out daily cluster bomb attacks in Syria over the past few weeks, killing and wounding dozens of civilians, including many children and women - 22/23 February 2016: War crimes in Syria's five-year-old conflict are widespread and Syrian government forces and Islamic State militants continue to commit crimes against humanity in the face of inaction by the international community, UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry says in its latest report - 15 March 2016: After Russian regime's Putin announced on Monday that 'the main part' of its armed forces in Syria would start to withdraw, UN human rights investigators on Syria say that preparing prosecutions against war criminals should not be delayed until the end of the conflict in Syria, now entering its sixth year - 15 March 2016: Syrian Observatory for Human Rights has documented death of 273,520 persons since 18 March 2011, which witnessed the fall of the first martyr in Daraa, until today - 17 March 2016: Assad regime must be held accountable for the crimes committed in Syria to achieve transitional justice, Syrian Coalition’s Hanan al-Balkhi says - 22 April 2016: United Nations will name a coordinator to probe the fate of detainees in Assad’s prisons, a move sought by the opposition as the Assad regime has been torturing, starving and killing people in custody - 9 May 2016: UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, Adama Dieng, expresses his outrage at the ongoing 'indiscriminate and seemingly calculated' attacks against civilians and civilian objects in Syria - 24 June 2016: UN's Stephen O’Brien says that the use of barrel bombs in the Syrian conflict 'constitutes indiscriminate attacks' against civilians, adding that their sole purpose is 'to terrorize and punish the civilian population', denouncing the international community’s silence over crimes committed by the Assad regime and terrorist groups in Syria for over five years - 12 August 2016: 3 days have passed since the child Ghani Quider began pleading to no avail for the United Nations to evacuate her from the besieged city of Madaya in the western Damascus countryside and treat her after she was struck by bullets fired by Lebanese Hezbollah’s snipers, as city’s activists and its medical and aid agencies have called for the evacuation of dozens of wounded and sick people, and are now accusing the United Nations of collusion with and bias toward the Syrian regime

August 2016: 29 August 2016: Saying that it is perverse that UN and its agencies committed to human rights are throwing a lifeline to a regime that has no qualms about burning the entire country just to stay in power, expert in war studies Leenders reveals that UN agencies had paid 'lucrative procurement contracts to Syrian regime cronies who are known to bankroll the very repression and brutality that caused much of the country’s humanitarian needs', as the UN calls Assad's war against the Syrian people the 'world’s largest humanitarian crisis' but as brave and principled UN aid workers who were kicked out by the regime for refusing to comply with illegal restrictions on humanitarian access receive no support from their headquarters, as UNHCR is the biggest customer of the 'Four Seasons' in Damascus spending $6,822,445 at the hotel since the start of Assad's war crimes, as UN paid and pays tens of millions to Assad regime, as UN's $4bn aid effort in Syria, called morally bankrupt, and UN operations have quietly secured deals with individuals and companies under both Europe and USA sanctions

December 2016: 22 December 2016: Adopting a resolution with 105 in favor, 15 against and 52 abstentions, UN General Assembly voted to establish a special team to 'collect, consolidate, preserve and analyze evidence' as well as to prepare cases on war crimes and human rights abuses committed in Syria

January 2017: 5 January 2017: Destruction in Aleppo unimaginable, 400,000 civilians are displaced inside, according to UNHCR's Sajjad Malik

March 2017: 2 March 2017: UN-established Commission of Inquiry on Syria says in a report that Bashar al-Assad’s regime had used chlorine weapons to retake the city of Aleppo last year and that the air campaign by the regime and Russia on the city, which deliberately targeted hospitals and humanitarian convoys, amounts to war crimes - March 2017 UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria's press conference in Geneva - 14 March 2017: Warring parties continued to target civilians for abuses over last seven months, UN Commission of Inquiry says - 14 March 2017: Assad's air force deliberately bombed water sources in December 2016, a war crime that cut off water for 5.5 million people in and around the capital Damascus, the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Syria says, adding that the attack was one of several war crimes including the use of lethal chlorine gas and the bombing of shools and medical facilities committed by Assad's forces - 15 March 2017: The Assad regime’s airstrikes on the headquarters of the Syrian Arab Red Crescent in Idlib on February constitute a war crime by intentionally targeting humanitarian relief objects and humanitarian relief personnel, the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria says

April 2017: 5 April 2017: UN war crimes investigators to probe chemical attack regime forces carried out on the town of Khan Sheikhoun in rural Idlib on Tuesday

July 2017: 4 juillet 2017: La juge française Catherine Marchi-Uhel, ancienne juge internationale au Kosovo, au Cambodge et au tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie, va conduire une enquête internationale de l'ONU sur d'éventuels crimes de guerre en Syrie - 25 July 2017: International investigators urge accountability for war crimes in Syria, as UN commission member Carla Del Ponte says that the violations in Syria are by far the worst she has ever come across, 'but nothing happens, only words, words, and more words'

August 2017 Carla del Ponte' resignation following UN Security Council’s failure: 7 August 2017: Former war crimes prosecutor Carla Del Ponte says she is resigning from the UN’s independent Commission of Inquiry on Syria, decrying Security Council inaction to hold criminals accountable in the war-battered country, saying 'we thought the international community had learned from Rwanda', 'but no, it learned nothing' - 13 August 2017: UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria has gathered enough evidence for Bashar al-Assad to be convicted of war crimes, Carla del Ponte says, after she was stepping down from her role in frustration at the UN Security Council’s failure to continue the commission’s work by setting up a special tribunal for Syria that could try alleged war criminals

September 2017 UN confirms Assad's use of chemical weapons: 8 September 2017: UN confirms Assad regime used chemical weapons over two dozen times

November 2017: 17 November 2017: Rights group SNHR criticizes UN Secretary General report on Syria children as ‘not accurately reflecting the atrocious reality in Syria’

March 2018: 6 March 2018: Calls for justice and accountability by victims and families must be urgently addressed, according to the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria, underscoring the complete impunity of perpetrators by chronicling crimes and violations, including deliberate and indiscriminate attacks on civilians and protected objects, starvation, unlawful internment, and the use of chemical weapons, as residents in the besieged Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta have begun using UN aid bags as shrouds for children killed in the devastating bombardment by the Assad regime to express their frustration over the organization's inaction - 14 March 2018: The UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Syria has condemned the flagrant violation of International Humanitarian Law in Syria as it has called for holding accountable perpetrators for their crimes, namely regime forces, terrorist organizations, their partners and backers - 25 March 2018: Syrian Coalition's Salwa Aksoi calls on the UN and international human rights organizations to document the mass forced displacement and demographic change taking place against residents of eastern Ghouta at the hands of the Assad regime, Iranian militias and Russia for holding war criminals accountable - 26 March 2018: The UN has come under fire for sharing the coordinates of hospitals in the Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta with Russia, only for one of them to be bombed days later killing at least one patient by what medics suspected to be a 'bunker-buster' bomb

27 March 2018: 27 March 2018: A UN quasi-prosecutorial body, led by former French judge Catherine Marchi-Uhel, said that war crimes investigators and activists have amassed an 'overwhelming volume' of testimony, images and videos documenting atrocities committed during Syria’s war, adding it is preparing case files and has engaged with war crimes investigative units of various states including in Europe, whose courts can exercise universal jurisdiction to prosecute

April 2018: 15 April 2018: Following the United Nations' failure since 2011, France, as chair of the 'International Partnership against Impunity for the Use of Chemical Weapons', welcomes the adhesion of Norway, Estonia, Finland and Slovenia, as 27 nations and the EU are now participating states

May 2018: 19 May 2018: Participants from 32 countries, comprising the 'International Partnership against Impunity for the Use of Chemical Weapons', in a conference in Paris called for holding accountable those involved in the use of chemical weapons around the world, especially in Syria, criticizing Russian regime for using its veto power on the UN Security Council several times to block attempts to hold the Assad regime accountable for dozens of chemical attacks against civilians

20 June 2018: 20 June 2018: Details, blaming Syria's Assad regime for atrocities in eastern Ghouta that were uncovered by a UN commission investigating and documenting possible war crimes in the seven-year-old conflict, were omitted when the commission issued a report on Wednesday

22/23 June 2018: 22 June 2018: Russian and Assad regime air force and Iranian terrorist militias have intensified aerial bombardment and ground offensive against the liberated areas in southern Syria for the fourth consecutive day, prompting the UN to express 'deep concern' about the safety hundreds of thousands of civilians there - 23 June 2018: Assad regime forces using artillery, airstrikes and barrel bombs to intensify pressure on opposition-held areas bordering Israel - 23 June 2018: Continuing Russian and Iranian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime forces shell places and carry out raids on areas in Daraa province, amid aerial bombardments, in Aleppo province, and again in Daraa province

September 2018: 21 September 2018: UN judge Catherine Marchi-Uhel responsible for preparing war crimes charges against individuals over the Syrian conflict said her office plans to open at least two cases by year's end

Since 2011 Syrian Network for Human Rights SNHR, a UK-based non-governmental organization, which monitors Assad's, Iranian and Russian regime's war against the Syrian people since 2011 - SNHR's website

Since 2011 Violations Documentation Center in Syria VDC, a network of Syrian opposition activists documenting human rights violations perpetrated since 2011, to provide an independent documentation that may help any future justice-related procedures as the center's main sources of information include medical records, families of the victims and information received from the Imam of the mosque that performed burials - Violations Documentation Center in Syria VDC's website with Danish-held list of misdeeds

2015: 18 January 2015: UN relief agencies appeal for more funding as freeze sweeps region - 30 July 2015: The Palestinian Committee for Human Rights condemns the decision by UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs to stop the provision of aid and support to 18,000 people in Damascus' Yarmouk refugee camp, after removing the camp from its list of besieged Syrian areas

2016: 8 January 2016: Failure to enforce UN Security Council resolutions encourages Assad to starve civilians, Syrian Coalition says in a letter, critizising the servility of the UNOCHA - 19 January 2016: After reports revealed that the UN knew about mass starvation in Syria for months before providing humanitarian in 2016 under international pressure, the UN’s conduct during Syria's starvation crisis has prompted outrage from 112 Syrian humanitarian workers, who, in an open letter published on 13 January, accused the UN kowtowing to Assad’s regime and 'chasing permission you do not even need' - 9 February 2016: Besieged Syrian town of Madaya is facing starvation again due to meagre supplies delivered last month already running out, as the UN is accused of severely underestimating the number of people suffering under blockades around the country - 17 February 2016: Some humanitarian aid trucks entered Madaya, Zabadani, Kafriya and Al-Fu’ah in Syria's Rif Dimashq and Idlib province - 26 February 2016: Syrian Coalition demands investigation into Assad regime’s seizing of UN aid airdrops on Deir Ezzor - 3 March 2016: The UNOCHA says that the Assad regime still blocks the delivery of some surgical items to the district of Moadamiyah west of Damascus - 11 March 2016: 30 aid agencies, including Oxfam, release a new report cataloguing deteriorating conditions in Syria and calling on Russia, USA, France and the UK to 'safeguard the glimmer of hope' February’s ceasefire has brought to civilians - 7 April 2016: UN's Jan Egeland says in Geneva that pro-Assad regime forces still besiege 15 areas across Syria blocking the entry of food and medical supplies - 29 avril 2016: L'ONU a averti jeudi que des centaines de milliers de Syriens risquaient de ne plus pouvoir recevoir d'aide d'urgence si les combats se poursuivaient, mais Salem al-Meslet du HCN a estimé que le régime de Bachar el-Assad 'refuse de mettre fin aux souffrances du peuple syrien' - 2 June 2016: As the UN has infuriated the Syrian opposition by saying that a previous commitment to push for airdrops to deliver food aid to besieged towns cannot go ahead without the permission of the Russian regime, UN 'aid' convoy entering Damascus suburb of Darayya for the first time since 2012 did not contain food and instead was largely made up of mosquito nets and shampoo - 16 June 2016: Rights group's report, based on interviews with aid workers, including current and former UN staff, accuses the United Nations of delivering 99% of its aid to regime-controlled territories, calling on the UN to 'restore its impartiality' - 6 July 2016: UN's Yacoub El Hillo has expressed alarm over reports of deteriorating humanitarian conditions and urgent medical evacuation needs in the Syrian towns of Madaya, Foah, Zabadani and Kefraya, where more than 62,000 people are besieged

August 2016: 29 August 2016: UN is continuing to allow the Assad regime to dictate whether aid can be delivered to certain areas of the country, further restricting what can be distributed and by whom, as UN paid and pays tens of millions to Assad regime, as UN's $4bn aid effort in Syria, called morally bankrupt, and UN operations have quietly secured deals with individuals and companies under both Europe and USA sanctions - 8 September 2016: More than 70 aid groups have suspended cooperation with the UN in Syria and have demanded an immediate and transparent investigation into its operations because of concerns Syrian dictator al-Assad has gained 'significant and substantial' influence over the relief effort

September 2016: 12 September 2016: UN aid deliveries are consistently failing to reach the vast majority of the 590,200 Syrians living in besieged areas, as Assad regime is accused of using restrictions as war tactic and the lack of aid in besieged areas is a driving factor in reported evacuations, raising questions about the UN’s ability to provide aid - 30 September 2016: More than 80% of the UN’s Syrian aid convoys have been blocked or delayed by Assad regime this month, denying millions of people essential supplies in some of the country’s hardest-hit areas, only six convoys have so far reached their destinations, and from some that did get through Assad regime forces had removed substantial amounts of medicine and surgical equipment before the vehicles were loaded

December 2016: 22 December 2016: UN says it is concerned about evacuees’ safety as the last rebel convoys and civilians leave eastern Aleppo, also warning that Idlib could be the next Aleppo - 22 December 2016: The number of people who died of their injuries after being displaced from eastern Aleppo has risen to 15, caused by the brutal onslaught by the Assad regime, Russia, and the Iranian-backed militias

January 2017: 25 January 2017: At an aid conference held in Finland, the UN said it would need a total of $8 billion this year to provide life-saving assistance to millions of Syrians inside their shattered homeland and to refugees and their host communities in neighboring countries

March 2017: 9 March 2017: UN called for greater efforts to address the needs of more than 7 million women and girls in Syria impacted by the conflict, now approaching its 7th year

October 2017: 12 October 2017: Up to 13 million civilians inside Syria are in dire need for relief aid, UN Regional Humanitarian Coordinator for Syria Panos Moumtzis says, adding that available funding covers only 35% of the total number of those in need

December 2017: 21 December 2017: The UN Security Council approved the delivery of humanitarian aid across borders and conflict lines in Syria for another year, with Russia, China and Bolivia abstaining, as activists and media workers in Idlib province launched a media campaign calling for an end to the bombardment, starvation and the killing of innocent children by the Assad regime and the Russian air forces, aiming to avoid more victims now and in another year and also aiming to expose false claims made by Russian war criminals, and as a group of local activists in the northern Homs province have established an independent civilian body to improve the living conditions for thousands of displaced families

January 2018: 17 January 2018: More than 200,000 displacements in northwest Syria since mid-December, the UN said on Tuesday, after Assad regime forces and Iranian militias, backed by close Russian aerial over, have stepped up bombardment on Idlib and Hama provinces in recent weeks in an attempt to advance on the liberated areas

March 2018: 29 March 2018: Independent Syrian studies center accuses the UN of involvement in the humanitarian tragedy affecting various areas across Syria and that has already resulted in the deaths of dozens of civilians of hunger and lack of medical supplies, also saying that the UN bears primary responsibility for forcing Syrian civilians to leave their areas or agree to humiliating so-called reconciliation deals with the Assad regime - 30 March 2018: The International community and the UN failed to solve humanitarian crises in Syria and other countries, outgoing UN Undersecretary General for Political Affairs Jeffrey Feltman said Friday

2016: 8 January 2016: 'Médecins Sans Frontières' (Doctors Without Borders) calls for immediate delivery of food and medicine to Syria's city of Madaya, under siege for months by Assad regime forces - 8 January: Deliveries of food, medical supplies and blankets to three towns in Syria where residents are starving to death will begin by Monday, Red Cross says amid global outrage - 11 January 2016: ICRC's Pawel Krzysiek, who accompanied an aid convoy on Monday to Madaya, reports that 'the first impression is really heartbreaking', seeing 'many just simply too weak' to welcome the convoy - 9 February 2016: A million Syrian civilians are living in besieged towns, with 300,000 more under threat in Aleppo, aid organisation 'Siege Watch' (PAX, Syria Institute) says in 'First Quarterly Report on Besieged Areas in Syria' - 18 February 2016: Hospitals in opposition-held parts of Syria are refusing to share GPS coordinates with Russian and Syrian authorities because of repeated attacks on medical facilities and workers, Médecins Sans Frontières and humanitarian workers on the ground say

2017: 5 September 2017: Africa was in a 2016 survey of 139 countries the only continent to report a continent-wide increase of its index generosity score when compared to its five-year average, as helpfulness worldwide fell by nearly 2%, according to the Charities Aid Foundation CAF

2018: 16 January 2018: Humanitarian and relief aid groups as well as civil organizations launched a humanitarian campaign under the title ‘Idlib Biggest Campaign’ to relieve more than 300,000 internally displaced people in the province

OHCHR’s Funding and Budget: The global funding needs of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights OHCHR are covered by the UN regular budget at a rate of approximately 40%, as the remainder is covered by voluntary contributions from mmber states and other donors

2012/2013: In 2012/2013 the agency 'Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights' had a budget of $177.3 million and 1,000 employees based in Switzerland's Geneva

2017: In 2017 a total of US$142.8 million was raised in voluntary contributions, representing the highest amount ever received by the Office, as voluntary contributions fund around 54% of OHCHR’s budget and the approved regular budget appropriation for the Office in 2018-2019 is US$201.6 million

1993-2013 20-year timeline: 1993-2013 20-year timeline of events in the human rights field in the past 20 years, from the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, adopted at the World Vienna Conference on 25 June 1993, which called for the establishment of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights

2013 Investigation into drone strikes: 24/25 January 2013: The UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has launched an investigation into drone strikes in five places and will review resultant civilian casualties to determine whether the attacks constitute a war crime - Unmanned combat air vehicles (drones) - Targeted killing - October 2011 (ongoing): List of unmanned aerial vehicles in 50 countries

2013 Moratorium on killer robots: 3 May 2013: UN Human Rights Commission's report wants moratorium on killer robots - 30 May: UN expert Heyns demands freeze on robot weapons

2014: 19 September 2014: Deaths of up to 500 Palestinians, Syrians, Egyptians and Sudanese migrants and refugees in an intentional boat-ramming in the Mediterranean must be investigated, says UN's Zeid Raad al-Hussein Zeid

2015: 20 February: UN's Zeid Ra'ad Al-Hussein urges Assad regime to release all activists, lawyers and other detainees they have been holding without due process, including detainees jailed since first anti-Assad protests in Syria four years ago - 18 April 2015: At least 6,116 people, both military personnel and civilians, have been killed, another 15,500 wounded since start of the conflict in eastern Ukraine in 2014, UNHCHR says

2016: 1 February 2016: UN Human Rights High Commissioner Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein says that starvation of Syrian civilians is a potential war crime and a crime against humanity that should be prosecuted and not covered by any amnesty linked to ending the conflict - 11 March 2016: UN Human Rights Office's new report on South Sudan describes a multitude of horrendous human rights violations, including a government-operated 'scorched earth policy', deliberate targeting of civilians for rape, pillage, torture, murder and deliberate mass displacement - UN's Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein says there is strong evidence that Ketaeb Hezbollah perpetrated atrocities in Iraq after telling civilians that they were there to help, also saying that the Shi’ite militia backed by Iran fighting alongside Iraqi forces against Islamic State terrorists to retake Fallujah may have kidnapped 900 civilians and executed at least 50, some by beheadings and torture

August 2016: 29 August 2016: Saying that it is perverse that UN and its agencies committed to human rights are throwing a lifeline to a regime that has no qualms about burning the entire country just to stay in power, expert in war studies Leenders reveals that UN agencies had paid 'lucrative procurement contracts to Syrian regime cronies who are known to bankroll the very repression and brutality that caused much of the country’s humanitarian needs', as the UN calls Assad's war against the Syrian people the 'world’s largest humanitarian crisis' but as brave and principled UN aid workers who were kicked out by the regime for refusing to comply with illegal restrictions on humanitarian access receive no support from their headquarters and as UNHCR is the biggest customer of the 'Four Seasons' in Damascus spending $6,822,445 at the hotel since the start of Assad's war crimes

March 2017: 10 March 2017: UN report details massive destruction and serious rights violations since July 2015 in southeast Turkey, during operations that have affected more than 30 towns and neighbourhoods and displaced between 355,000 and half a million people, mostly of Kurdish origin - 14 March 2017: Syria a 'torture-chamber', a 'place of savage horror and absolute injustice', UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra'ad al-Hussein told the 'Geneva Forum' in call for Assad to release prisoners and for torturers to be brought to court, as the Assad regime did not attend and a Russian envoy, its main ally, called the Geneva event a 'waste of valuable time'

August 2017 Carla del Ponte' resignation following UN Security Council’s failure and Russian obstruction: 7 August 2017: Former war crimes prosecutor Carla Del Ponte says she is resigning from the UN’s independent Commission of Inquiry on Syria, decrying Security Council inaction to hold criminals accountable in the war-battered country, saying 'we thought the international community had learned from Rwanda', 'but no, it learned nothing' - 7 August 2018: UN Syria investigator Carla del Ponte quits over concern about Russian obstruction - 13 August 2017: UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria has gathered enough evidence for Bashar al-Assad to be convicted of war crimes, Carla del Ponte says, after she was stepping down from her role in frustration at the UN Security Council’s failure to continue the commission’s work by setting up a special tribunal for Syria that could try alleged war criminals, adding: 'Seven years of crime in Syria and total impunity. That is not acceptable'

August-December 2017: - 30 August 2017: Marking 'International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearance' Syrian civil society and human rights organizations call on the UN human rights chief to address the tragedy of the tens of thousands of Syrians who have been forcibly disappeared since March 2011 - 27 October 2017: UN condemned the 'deliberate starvation of civilians' as a war tactic following the release of 'shocking' images showing severely malnourished children in an area near Damascus besieged by Assad’s military, as UN human rights chief says starving civilians as a method of warfare is a clear violation of international law - 1 December 2017: UN monitor on extreme poverty and human rights Philip Alston starts USA tour to hold the world’s richest nation and its president to account for the hardships endured by its most vulnerable citizens, asking wether they can enjoy fundamental human rights if they’re unable to meet basic living standards

10 December 2017: 10 December 2017: Human Rights Day kicks off a year-long campaign to mark the upcoming 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with activities and events taking place across the world

February 2018: 12 February 2018: Assad regime and Russian airstrikes in rebel-held areas have killed 230 civilians in the past week in some of the conflict’s worst violence that may also constitute war crimes, said Zeid Ra‘ad al-Hussein, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights

March 2018: 6 March 2018: Calls for justice and accountability by victims and families must be urgently addressed, according to the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria, underscoring the complete impunity of perpetrators by chronicling crimes and violations, including deliberate and indiscriminate attacks on civilians and protected objects, starvation, unlawful internment, and the use of chemical weapons, as residents in the besieged Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta have begun using UN aid bags as shrouds for children killed in the devastating bombardment by the Assad regime to express their frustration over the organization's inaction - 6 March 2018: The Russian air force has used unguided 'dumb' bombs in Syria, in what UN sources say could be an effort to shift responsibility for possible war crimes and civilian deaths to their ally, the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad - 7 mars 2018: Le Haut commissaire aux droits de l'homme accuse le régime syrien de planifier 'l'apocalypse' dans son pays, ajoutant que le conflit était entré dans une nouvelle 'phase d'horreur' - 16 March 2018: Reports of civilian casualties from Afrin 'deeply alarming', according to UN's Ravina Shamdasani, saying that children, families killed by Turkish airstrikes, shelling in Afrin - 27 March 2018: China and Russia accused of waging 'war on human rights' at UN, as high commissioner Zeid Ra’ad Hussein has announced that he will be stepping down this year and not seeking another term in the post, explaining to his staff that the lack of global support for protecting human rights made his job untenable

20 June 2018: 20 June 2018: Details, blaming Syria's Assad regime for atrocities in eastern Ghouta that were uncovered by a UN commission investigating and documenting possible war crimes in the seven-year-old conflict, were omitted when the commission issued a report on Wednesday

22 June 2018: 22 June 2018: 'The impunity must end', UN human rights office says, after UNHRC-member Venezuela's forces carried out unjustified killings without any apparent consequences and the rule of law is 'virtually absent' in the country, according to UN report

2007 Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: 2007 Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, was adopted by the General Assembly's majority of 144 states in favour, 4 votes against (Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the USA) and 11 abstentions (Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa and Ukraine)

Since 2008/2009 Indigenous Peoples Climate Change Assessment Initiative: Since 2008/2009 Indigenous Peoples Climate Change Assessment Initiative

UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples: UN-Sonderberichterstatter für die Rechte indigener Völker - UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples

2017: 7/9 August 2017: World still lagging on indigenous rights 10 years after historic declaration, UN experts warn - 9 August 2017: ‘Indigenous peoples are the best guardians of world's biodiversity’, UN Special Rapporteur Victoria Tauli-Corpuz says

List of human rights organisations - List of indigenous rights organizations

Since 1992: UN Human Rights Committee case law - Notable jurisprudence since 1992

March 2018: 2 March 2018: Spain has violated Carles Puigdemont’s right to participate in political life by forcing him into exile in Belgium, according to his lawyers’ submission to the UN human rights committee

United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination: United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

United Nations Committee Against Torture: United Nations Committee Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is the body of 18 independent experts that monitors implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by its States parties

United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child: United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child

United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women

United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention: United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention

2016: 5 February 2016: UN panel urges UK and Sweden to end WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange's 'deprivation of liberty', arbitrarily detained by the UK and Sweden since he was arrested in London in 2010 after he enraged the USA by publishing hundreds of thousands of secret diplomatic cables

Since the 1930s 'Palace of Nations', since 1946 UN office at Geneva: Following an architectural competition in the 1920s, the League of Nations' 'Palace of Nations' designed by Carlo Broggi, Julien Flegenheimer, Camille Lefèvre, Henri Paul Nénot, Joseph Vago was completed in 1938, serving as the home of the United Nations Office at Geneva since 1946, including a somewhat confusing multitude of agencies

Member states of the UN Human Rights Council: The UNHRC has 47 members, selected each year by the UN General Assembly for staggered three-year terms on a regional group basis - 1947-2006 list of member states of the UN Commission on Human Rights, which was replaced by the UN Human Rights Council in 2006

OHCHR’s Funding and Budget: The global funding needs of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights OHCHR are covered by the UN regular budget at a rate of approximately 40%, as the remainder is covered by voluntary contributions from mmber states and other donors

Since 2006 sessions of the UN Human Rights Council: 2006-2018 38 regular sessions of the Human Rights Council - 2006-2018 28 special sessions of the Human Rights Council

2008 Criticism of the UN Human Rights Council: 12 December 2008: As independent human rights groups say the UN council has fallen under the control of a bloc of Islamic and African states, usually backed by China, Cuba and Russia, who protect each other from criticism, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told the organization’s widely-criticized Human Rights Council to drop rhetoric and bloc voting and get on with actually defending ordinary people from abuse

Since 22 August 2011 Independent International Commission of Inquiry in Syria: Since 22 August 2011Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, set up by the UN Human Rights Council to investigate human rights violations in Syria - the Commission posted regular updates via its official Twitter page and, until August 2017, Carla del Ponte, by Summer 2017, the Commission had interviewed more than 5,000 witnesses, produced 13 reports and prepared several examples of war crimes

2012: 6 July 2012: The UN Human Rights Council has passed its first resolution on Internet freedom with a call for all states to support individuals' rights online as much as offline

2014: 17 February 2014: World must act on North Korea rights abuse, says UN report - 24 July 2014: In Geneva the UN human rights council voted to launch an international inquiry to investigate violations of international human rights and humanitarian law in Gaza, with the USA opposing the move and 17 countries abstaining

2015: 26 March 2015: 43 UN member states call on Russia to comply with Minsk II peace agreement in a joint statement issued in the UN Human Rights Council - 12 May 2015: USA administration admits at UN Human Rights Council that it 'crossed the line' on interrogating detainees also saying that it should 'do better' in police conduct toward minorities - 25 June: In a session congruently to the 29th UN Human Rights Council meeting titled 'Syria after Tyranny' Syrian Coalition’s Hisham Marwa says that the continued failure of the UN Security Council to refer the Syrian file to the ICC gives the Assad regime a green light to shed more blood in Syria - 24 September 2015: UN issues urgent call for Saudi Arabia to stay beheading of juvenile Ali Mohammed al-Nimr and his crucifixion after taking part in demonstrations three years ago for democracy and equal rights - 24 September 2015: USA 'welcomes' Saudi Arabia as head of UN Human Rights Council

2016: 29 August 2016: Saying that it is perverse that UN and its agencies committed to human rights are throwing a lifeline to a regime that has no qualms about burning the entire country just to stay in power, expert in war studies Leenders reveals that UN agencies had paid 'lucrative procurement contracts to Syrian regime cronies who are known to bankroll the very repression and brutality that caused much of the country’s humanitarian needs', as the UN calls Assad's war against the Syrian people the 'world’s largest humanitarian crisis' but as brave and principled UN aid workers who were kicked out by the regime for refusing to comply with illegal restrictions on humanitarian access receive no support from their headquarters and as UNHCR is the biggest customer of the 'Four Seasons' in Damascus spending $6,822,445 at the hotel since the start of Assad's war crimes - 19 October 2016: UN Human Rights Council will hold a special session on the worsening situation in Aleppo on Friday after a formal request from Britain on behalf of a core group of 11 Western and Arab countries - 22 October 2016: UN Human Rights Council demands immediate end to aerial bombardment of Aleppo, as UN's High Commissioner Zeid Ra'ad al-Hussein says that the siege and aerial bombing of Aleppo constitutes 'crimes of historic proportions' that have caused and is causing heavy civilian casualties amounting to war crimes - 25 October 2016: Over 80 human rights and aid organizations, including Human Rights Watch, CARE International and Refugees International, have urged the United Nations member states to expel Russia from the Human Rights Council over its military campaign in Syria - 28 October 2016: It was the first time Russia and one of the permanent five members of the security council had failed to get elected to the HRC since its formation a decade ago, and followed a campaign by human rights groups opposing Russian membership because of its role in the bombing of Syrian cities, eastern Aleppo in particular

June 2017: 24 June 2017: UNHRC passes climate change resolution co-sponsored by about 50 countries calling to issue climate change response policies in line with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

August 2017 Carla del Ponte' resignation following UN Security Council’s failure and Russian obstruction: 7 August 2017: Former war crimes prosecutor Carla Del Ponte says she is resigning from the UN’s independent Commission of Inquiry on Syria, decrying Security Council inaction to hold criminals accountable in the war-battered country, saying 'we thought the international community had learned from Rwanda', 'but no, it learned nothing' - 7 August 2018: UN Syria investigator Carla del Ponte quits over concern about Russian obstruction - 13 August 2017: UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria has gathered enough evidence for Bashar al-Assad to be convicted of war crimes, Carla del Ponte says, after she was stepping down from her role in frustration at the UN Security Council’s failure to continue the commission’s work by setting up a special tribunal for Syria that could try alleged war criminals, adding: 'Seven years of crime in Syria and total impunity. That is not acceptable'

September 2017: 6 September 2017: Human Rights Watch accuses Beijing regime of sabotaging United Nations efforts to promote rights, slamming the world body for often capitulating to Chinese pressure - 29 September 2017: UN human rights council has agreed to set up an independent investigation into all alleged abuses of human rights in Yemen by all sides in the three-year civil war, dating back to September 2014, including seeking to identify those responsible and coming after intensive talks between the Saudis, the Arab League, the Netherlands, the UK, France and the USA - 30 September 2017: UN Human Rights Council condemned the continued widespread and gross violations of human rights and all violations of international humanitarian law by the Assad regime forces and their allied militias

February 2018: 23 February 2018: Critics voiced outrage Thursday that Iran’s justice minister Avaie will travel to Geneva next week to address the UN’s top human rights body, despite facing Swiss and EU sanctions over human rights violations, arbitrary arrests, denials of prisoners' rights, and increase in executions - 26 February 2018: USA UN-ambassador Nikki Haley lashed out at the Human Rights Council, saying it should be 'ashamed' for inviting Iranian minister Avaei notorious for his human rights abuses including a massacre of political prisoners to address the body’s annual meeting in Geneva this week, following already elicited outrage from Iranian and international activists - 28 February 2018: As demonstrators denounced Avaei outside the UN Geneva, an umbrella group of Iranian human rights groups slammed the UNHCR for allowing a human right’s abuser Awaei to speak on human rights

5 March 2018: 5 March 2018: UN's human rights body adopted a resolution proposed by Britain in a 29-4 vote with 14 abstentions calling for UN-mandated investigators for Syria to conduct an urgent and targeted probe of recent violence in the eastern Ghouta region outside of Damascus - 5 March 2018: UN expert decries 'pattern' of torture, abuse in Iranian prisons, as late Asma Jahangir finds evidence of rape, sexual violence, electric shocks, amputations, denial of medical treatment to prisoners in report to Human Rights Council

12 March 2018: 12 March 2018: Ahead of the 37th session of the UN Human Rights Council, 46 Iranian and international non-governmental organizations sent a letter to all diplomatic missions based in Geneva urging them to vote for the renewal of the mandate of the special rapporteur on the human rights situation in Iran

24 March 2018: 24 March 2018: Australia has fiercely condemned the Syrian Assad regime for its continuing atrocities against civilians, which have included bombing hospitals, using illegal chemical weapons and deliberately trying to starve a civilian population, also pushing back firmly against Russia, in a statement to the Human Rights Council in Geneva

May 2018: 18 May 2018: Israel accuses the UNHRC council of systematically ignoring real human rights violations around the world and instead 'adopting for more resolutions against Israel than against all the rest of the countries in the world combined', pointing out that the vast majority of the 60 people killed in Monday’s Gaza border protest 'were Hamas members, as even the leaders of the terror group have acknowledged in their own voices' and calling on the USA to leave the UNHRC

18 June 2018: 18 June 2018: The 'International Federation of Journalists' is to call on the UN Human Rights Council to act to end the continued Iran regime's persecution of journalists, as BBC Persian TV's Negin Shiraghaei will tell the 38th Session of the council in Geneva about the threats and persecution faced by her and her colleagues and call on the council to demand the Iranian authorities cease their persecution of journalists

20 June 2018: 20 June 2018: After efforts to promote reform on UN’s human rights council had failed, USA quits the council, citing its 'chronic bias against Israel’ and saying 'we take this step because our commitment does not allow us to remain a part of a hypocritical and self-serving organization that makes a mockery of human rights' - 20 June 2018: UN's Assad supporting Guterres praises the 'UN’s human rights architecture', playing 'a very important role in the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide'

June 2018: 20 June 2018: Details, blaming Syria's Assad regime for atrocities in eastern Ghouta that were uncovered by a UN commission investigating and documenting possible war crimes in the seven-year-old conflict, were omitted when the commission issued a report on Wednesday

July 2018: 7 July 2018: UN Human Rights Council in the final day of its 38th session on Friday condemned violations of human rights and international law in Syria, especially the violations being committed by the Assad regime and its allied sectarian militias and their killings against the Syrian people, chiefly among them is the Hezbollah militia

2012 hearing: 24 October 2012: Evidence of atrocities committed in Iran during the 1980s, when at least 20,000 opponents of the regime of Ayatollah Khomeini are believed to have been executed, will be heard at a three-day sitting of a special international tribunal in The Hague

2013 Truth commission report and judgement: 5 February 2013: Full judgement of the Iran Tribunal - Report on the findings of The Truth Commission of the Iran Tribunal

2017/2018: Human Rights Watch 2017/2018 Iran report

2015: 24 February 2015: Saudi Arabian blogger Raif Badawi was awarded a prize for courage at the 2015 Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy held on Tuesday - 30 June: Some 1,200 people rally for Israel at UN Human Rights Council

2016: 25 October 2016: Over 80 human rights and aid organizations, including Human Rights Watch, CARE International and Refugees International, have urged the United Nations member states to expel Russia from the Human Rights Council over its military campaign in Syria

2017: 22 février 2017: Des dirigeants du monde entier, comme Donald Trump aux Etats-Unis, propagent des discours de haine 'diabolisant' certains groupes, une rhétorique 'toxique' qui rend le monde plus dangereux, selon Amnesty international dans son rapport annuel

February 2018: 22 février 2018: Le monde subit les conséquences effroyables de discours de haine qui menacent de normaliser la discrimination contre des groupes marginalisés, souligne l'ONG Amnesty International dans son rapport 2017/18 sur les droits humains dans le monde

October 2018: 12 October 2018: Insisting that 'crimes of enforced disappearance and murder are unacceptable', Amnesty International's Heba Morayef says the Saudi government killed journalist Khashoggi to send a message, having 'implications for Saudi government critics overseas, but also for other dissidents in the Arab world', 'I think it's about a very frightening effect, a clear message'

Human Rights Watch international non-governmental organization since 1978 conducting research and advocacy on human rights, headquarters are in New York City with offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, D.C., and Zurich - Human Rights Watch website

2017: 1 May 2017: New evidence shows pattern of nerve-agent use by the Syrian Assad regime, according to Human Rights Watch - 1 May 2017 Human Rights Watch documentation: Death by Chemicals - The Syrian Government’s Widespread and Systematic Use of Chemical Weapons - 4 August 2017: HRW says that the execution of cyber-activist Bassel Khartabil, also known as Bassel Safadi, by Assad’s security services is 'a prime example of Syria’s horrific justice system', 'not only did the authorities torture and execute him, they also caused suffering to his family by keeping his fate secret' - 17 August 2017: Human Rights Watch has denounced a call by Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte for police to shoot rights activists who get in the way of his bloody drug war, saying that 'Duterte threatens human rights community'

October 2017: 28 October 2017: Human Rights Watch has urged the international community to slap sanctions on the Assad regime after UN investigators blamed Assad regime forces for a sarin gas attack that killed dozens back in April 4

February 2018: 23 February 2018: Civilian deaths in Turkish attacks may be unlawful, as military appears to have failed to take necessary precautions to avoid civilian casualties in three attacks in northwest Syria in late January 2018, according to Human Rights Watch

2 April 2018: 2 April 2018: Iran-backed Houthi forces in Yemen violated the laws of war by launching ballistic missiles indiscriminately at populated areas in Saudi Arabia on 25 March 2018, killing an Egyptian migrant worker and injuring two others in Riyadh, Human Rights Watch says

10 April 2018: 10 April 2018: The 7 April 2018 chemical attack on civilians in the town of Douma is a war crime that bears the hallmarks of the Assad regime, but its ally Russia shares potential criminal responsibility for its use, Human Rights Watch said

May 2018: 15 May 2018: Repression, discrimination ahead of 2018 World Cup in Russia, Human Rights Watch says, not demanding that the murderous Putin regime, involved in Assad's war against the Syrian people since 2011, common war crimes, and the war against Ukraine since 2014, should be boycotted and finally convicted by the International Criminal Court ICC, because it's a moral farce in letting Russia play host while engaged in actions and policies that are hostile to humanity, international goodwill and harmony FIFA says the World Cup promotes - 21 May 2018: With the lives of over two million civilians at risk in Syria’s Idlib and Daraa governorates, world leaders should abstain from attending the opening ceremony of the World Cup in Moscow, unless the Kremlin takes meaningful steps to protect them from chemical and conventional attacks, Human Rights Watch says

Save the Children since 1919, an international non-governmental organization that promotes children's rights, helping to improve the lives of children through better education, health care, and economic opportunities, as well as providing emergency aid in natural disasters, war, and other conflicts - Save the Children comprises 'Save the Children International' and 28 member organisations working to deliver change for children in 120 countries

2017: 20 July 2017: Charities have urged the UN to name and shame the Saudi-led coalition over child rights violations in Yemen after research showed more than 120 children were killed or maimed in airstrikes by the alliance last year

2014: 5 May 2014: After talks at the Zaatari camp in Jordan with the UN high commissioner for refugees Turkey, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon urge the implementation of a UN resolution passed in February demanding rapid unhindered access for aid - 20 June: Number of displaced people over 50m for first time since second world war, UNHCR says adding that more than half of those displaced are children - 20 June: At a UNHCR conference marking World Refugee Day Malta's Helena Dalli says that Europe has 'a lot to do to make up for the damage it had caused'

2015: 19 March 2015: UN High Commissioner for Refugees says seven million Syrians are internally displaced as a result of Assad's war against Syrian people, 2.2 million from Rural Damascus, 1.7 million from Aleppo, 1.1 million from Homs, 390,000 from Deir Ezzor, 300,000 from Latakia, 245,000 from Dara’a, 235,000 from Hama and 520,000 from Idlib, Damascus, and Al-Hasakah - 27 March 2015: The number of people applying for asylum in safer countries soared to a 22-year high in 2014, as hundreds of thousands fled conflicts in Syria and Iraq, UNHCR says - 16 April 2015: The war in Syria is largest humanitarian disaster since WWII, UNHCR says urging the international community to act - 19 June 2015: Syria world’s biggest source of refugees, UNHCR says - 1 July 2015: More than 135,000 refugees reached Europe by sea in first half of 2015, with most of the burden being borne by countries in southern Europe, UNHCR says, adding that increased EU funding for rescue operations has meant a decrease in the number of deaths at sea since May - 1 July 2015: The sea route to Europe, the Mediterranean passage in the age of refugees - 9 July 2015: Latest figures from UNHCR put the total number of refugees from Syria fleeing war and persecution to just over 4,013,000 people, the largest exodus from a single conflict in a generation, and with at least 7.6 milion people forced from their homes within Syria - 4 September: UNHCR Antonio Guterres says mass relocation programme needed in the EU to help refugees fleeing war and persecution - 27 September 2015: World waited too long to act on refugee crisis, Antonio Guterres says in an interview on the sidelines of UN General Assembly - 3 October 2015: About half of the 380,000 migrants and refugees who have claimed asylum in Europe this year are Syrian, according to UN, but most Syrian refugees are just too poor to flee to Europe - 24 October 2015: UNHCR's Amin Awad says that Russian airstrikes and increased fighting around the Syrian city of Aleppo had contributed to the 'dynamic of displacement', with about 30,000 displaced, as the UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs puts the number at 50,000 - 3 November 2015: Russian airstrikes in Syria send thousands more refugees to Europe, as UNHCR reports 30% in increase in refugees since Russia began bombing Syria - 24 November: UNHCR decries restrictions on refugees, upholds right to asylum - 19 December: UN refugee chief Guterres calls for 'massive resettlement' of Syrians in Europe - 22 December: Refugee and migrant arrivals in EU pass 1 million in 2015, while thousands died or went missing, UNHCR says

2016: 16 January 2016: Calling on politicans, new UN chief for refugees Filippo Grandi says he hopes international refugee and migration crisis will be solved soon if the necessary political decisions are made - 20 January 2016: More than a million Syrians are enduring another winter as refugees in Lebanon, as for some it is their fifth in a row, displaced by Assad's war that has driven 4.4 million Syrians into neighboring countries and that the UN was unable end - 10 February 2016: UN refugee agency in February 2016 urges Turkey to open borders to Syrian refugees, following murderous Assad regime's, Russian and Iranian attacks on Aleppo - 13 February 2013: Over 80,000 refugees and migrants have already arrived in Europe since the beginning of 2016, the majority of those arriving in January 2016 were women and children making up nearly 58%, over 400 have died trying to cross, according to UNHCR's Melissa Fleming - 21 February 2016: UN officially registered more than a million Syrian refugees in Lebanon, the highest concentration in the world, making up more than a quarter of the country's population, with 70% of them living below the poverty line - 8 March 2016: UN refugee agency has concerns over the deal reached between the EU and Turkey that would see refugees sent back to Turkey, where some nationalities lack protection - 22 March 2016: UNHCR has stopped transporting refugees and migrants arriving on Lesbos from Turkey to a reception facility as their subsequent freedom of movement is no longer guaranteed, a UNHCR spokesman says, referring to last week's EU-Turkey deal - 20 May 2016: Hundreds of UN schools in Syria, Palestinian territories, Lebanon and Jordan run by the UN have been attacked, damaged or rendered inoperable by armed conflict and violence in the Middle East over the past five years, disrupting the education of thousands of children, a UN report says - 20 June 2016: As a record 65 million men, women and children are forced from their homes by war and persecution last year, and as the three countries Syria, Afghanistan and Somalia produce half the world’s refugees, UN refugee agency sounds alarm over failure of nations to find collective solutions

August 2016: 29 August 2016: Saying that it is perverse that UN and its agencies committed to human rights are throwing a lifeline to a regime that has no qualms about burning the entire country just to stay in power, expert in war studies Leenders reveals that UN agencies had paid 'lucrative procurement contracts to Syrian regime cronies who are known to bankroll the very repression and brutality that caused much of the country’s humanitarian needs', as the UN calls Assad's war against the Syrian people the 'world’s largest humanitarian crisis' but as brave and principled UN aid workers who were kicked out by the regime for refusing to comply with illegal restrictions on humanitarian access receive no support from their headquarters and as UNHCR is the biggest customer of the 'Four Seasons' in Damascus spending $6,822,445 at the hotel since the start of Assad's war crimes - In 2015 UNHCR said that funding shortage leaves Syrian refugees in danger of missing vital support

September 2016: 15 September 2016: Highlighting the impact of conflicts on civilians in a report showing that the global number of displaced people is equivalent to the UK’s population of 65 million, World Bank and UNHCR show that the root of the problem are 10 conflicts in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Caucasus, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, the former Yugoslavia, saying that 89% of refugees and 99% of internally displaced people were hosted by around 15 developing countries, as xenophobic reactions in high-income countries threaten the consensus that is underpinning global economic growth

June 2018: 19 June 2018: Record 68.5 million people fleeing war or persecution worldwide, including 25.4 million refugees, 40 million internally displaced and 3.1 million asylum seekers, as UNHCR sees five countries accounting for two-thirds of all refugees including Syria (6.3 million), Afghanistan (2.6 million), South Sudan (2.4 million), Myanmar (1.2 million) and Somalia (986,400) - 30 June 2018: Number of displaced by fighting in southern Syria triples to 160,000, according to UNHCR

July 2018: 13 July 2018: The UN has called for unimpeded access to about 250,000 Syrians stranded in the desert near Jordan and Israel, who fled as Assad's forces and allies entered opposition-controlled parts of Daraa

Since 1947: United Nations Special Committee on Palestine UNSCOP created on 15 May 1947 in response to a United Kingdom government request - report of the Committee dated 3 September 1947 to the UN General Assembly - United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine recommended a partition - on 29 November 1947, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution recommending the adoption and implementation of the plan as resolution 181 - List of the UN resolutions concerning Israel and Palestine since 1947

Since 1950: UNRWA education programme in the Middle East with 700 schools employing more than 20,000 mostly Palestinian teaching and support staff - Palestinian curriculum and Antisemitism - Antisemitism in the Arab world in the twentieth century - Antisemitism in the Palestinian territories

Since 1950: Since 1950 UNRWA the main healthcare provider for the Palestinian refugee population

Since 2003: UNRWA accused of hiring known militants, perpetuating Palestinian dependency, demonizing Israel, and funneling money from Western governments to line the pockets of the Palestinian Authority and purchasing arms for terrorists

December 2007: 3 December 2007: How UNRWA creates dependency

February 2009: 8 February 2009: Ex-UNRWA official blasts agency for politicizing Palestinian refugee issue - 26 February 2009: Australian lawmaker Michael Danby said Australia’s $30 million in funding for Palestinians since 2007, largely through the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, was being 'diverted to arms purchases, terrorist operations and anti-Israel incitement, as well as into the pockets of the Palestinian Authority leadership'

2014: 22 June 2014: UN envoy Robert Serry denies claim he tried to funnel $20m to Hamas behind Israel's back - 13/14 July 2014: Palestinian representative to the UN Human Rights Council Kraishi says every missile fired from Gaza at Israel is a crime against humanity because it is directed at civilian targets and, unlike IDF, 'we never warn anyone about where these missiles are about to fall' - 17 July: 20 missiles found in UN-run school in Gaza, confirming Israel’s oft-repeated claim that Hamas and other Gazan terror groups use civilian infrastructure to hide weapons - 19 July: UN's Ban Ki-moon joins efforts for ceasefire negotiations after Hamas's rejection and as death toll reaches 350 - 20 July 2014: 'United' Nations agency UNRWA handed 20 missiles found in Gaza school back to Hamas, not to International Criminal Court - 22 July 2014: Israeli newspaper asks wether is was a war crime that UNRWA handed rockets over to Hamas - 22 July: For the second time in less than a week, rockets have been found in a school in Gaza operated by the UNRWA - 23 July 2014: UN's Ban Ki-moon is 'alarmed' to hear that rockets placed in UN-run school in Gaza now 'have gone missing', demanding a full review - 28 July 2014: Hamas fired anti-tank missile from UNRWA school in Beit Hanoun on Thursday, yard was empty when IDF responded, IDF investigation says - 30 July 2014: UN agency for Palestinian refugees admits that a stockpile of Hamas rockets for the third time since the onset of Operation Protective Edge was found in UNRWA’s Gaza schools, but was not publicized by UNRWA - 30 July 2914: Three Israeli soldiers were killed and 15 injured in an explosion at a booby-trapped UNRWA 'health clinic' in Gaza's Khan Yunis that housed the opening of a Hamas tunnel for terrorist attacks in Israel - 2 August: Finnish reporter admits Gaza rockets launched from hospital - 13 August: Concerned by rockets turned over to local authorities by the UN organization, USA lawmakers want UNRWA investigated over troubling Gaza role

2015: 3 June 2015: Marking the 65th anniversary of the UNRWA Ban Ki-moon calls for an immediate resumption of Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations saying that UNRWA was never meant to exist for 65 years, but 'it exists because of political failure' - 13 August 2015: UNRWA in financial crisis from warfare in Gaza and Syria, threatening the reopening of schools that it runs in the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria - 17 October 2015: Palestinian employees of UN refugee agency UNRWA are inciting Palestinians to commit terror attacks against Israelis from social media accounts on which they explicitly identify as United Nations workers, a report from a UN watchdog published Friday charged

2017: 6 February 2017: Palestinian employees of United Nations refugee agency UNRWA are continuing to use social media to support terror activities and spread anti-Semitism, despite a previous outcry in 2015 over the issue, according to a report by UN watchdog - February 2017: Poisoning Palestinian Children - UN Watch's report on UNRWA teachers' incitement to jihadist terrorism and antisemitism - 23 April 2017: UNRWA’s Gaza union head al-Hindi, accused of Hamas ties and elected to a leadership role in the terror group in February vote, no longer employed by agency

2018: 17 January 2018: Stung by USA aid cut, UNRWA launches global fundraising campaign

May 2018: 22 May 2018: Nearly 70 years after its formation on 8 December 1949 the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees UNRWA says that the Yarmouk camp for Palestinian refugees in Damascus lies today in ruins, with hardly a single building that has not been destroyed or damaged, as remaining people dig up bodies from under the rubble of bombed houses - Foreign involvement and support for Assad's war against the Syrian people since 2011 by the Russian and the Iran regime, allied with Hezbollah and Hamas - Seventieth anniversary of the United Nations - events, planning and 'sustainable development goals'

2014/2015: 12 August 2014: Humanitarian aid to eastern Ukraine under auspices of Red Cross excludes armed escorts, ICRC says - 13 August 2014: Red Cross does not know the content of Russian convoy - 14 August 2014: Red Cross sends envoy to Moscow, Kyiv to discuss Russian regime's convoy to Luhansk - 3. Oktober 2015: Internationales Komitee des Roten Kreuzes schickt mit 12 LKW humanitäre Hilfe für die Einwohner der besetzten Gebiete von Donbas

2016: 11 January 2016: ICRC aid convoys head for Syrian towns and villages including Madaya besieged by Assad forces, where thousands are trapped and people are reported to have died of starvation despite calls for UN aid since October - 16 January 2016: Doctors Without Borders said on Friday that medics it supports in the besieged town of Madaya confirmed five deaths from starvation since the first humanitarian convoy arrived on 11 January - 29 April 2016: United NGOs demand end to Syria atrocities as Assad regime's Aleppo airstrikes continue

July 2016: 30 July 2016: Hundreds of thousands of residents in the besieged Syrian city of Aleppo in fear of Assad's and Russian war crimes, as ICRC says that the safety of those who decide to stay must be guaranteed

October 2017: 6 October 2017: The International Committee of the Red Cross voiced alarm at a surge in violence resulting in hundreds of civilian casualties and the destruction of hospitals and schools over the past two weeks in Syria amid bombing campaigns by the Assad and Russian regime and also by the international coalition

November 2017: 2 November 2017: The Dutch Red Cross offers its 'deep apologies' for failing to act to protect Jews during World War II, following the publication of a research paper on its inaction, as Dutch Red Cross’ Inge Brakman says there was a 'lack of courage' on the part of the organization during the Nazi occupation of The Netherlands

May 2018: 2 May 2018: Nearly three million people were forced from their homes in Syria in 2017, according to the International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC

2016: 30 janvier 2016: En Syrie 16 autre personnes sont mortes de faim dans la ville de Madaya, assiégée par les forces pro Assad, depuis que des convois humanitaires y sont entrés mi-janvier, selon MSF